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1、中考名词性从句主语从句主语从句的语序主语从句要求使用陈述句语序，而非一般疑问句语序。如：What surprised me most was that the little girl could play the violin so well.使我感到惊讶的是这个小女孩的小提琴拉得太好了。连接词的选用（ 1） that 和 what 的选用that 和 what 都可引导主语从句。 what 除起连接作用外， 还在名词性从句中充当某些成分，可作从句的主语、宾语或表语。而that 在名词性从句中不充当任何成分，无词义，只起连接词作用。如：What he wants is a book.他想要的是
2、一本书。That light travels in straight lines is known to all.众所周知，光线沿直线运行。（ 2） if 和 whether 的选用引导主语从句，不能用if ，只能用 whether 。如：Whether we will hold a party in the open air tomorrow depends on the weather.我们明天是否在户外开晚会要看天气而定。（ 3）其它连接代词和副词的选用根据主语从句的具体意义， 正确的选择 who, which, when, where, why, how 等连接词，这些连接词既有疑问含
3、义，又起连接作用，同时在从句中充当各种成分。如：When we shall hold our sports meet is not decided.我们何时举行运动会还没有决定。Who broke the glass yesterday is not clear. 还不清楚昨天谁打破了玻璃。Which car you will choose to buy makes no difference.你决定买哪一辆车都不会有任何区别。（ 4） whatever / whoever 的功用whatever, whoever 在主语从句中不含疑问意义。它引导主语从句，并在从句中作主语、宾语、表语等。 w
4、hatever = anything that; whoever = anyone who 。要注意和 whatever, whoever 引导的让步状语从句的区别。如：Whoever breaks the law should be punished. （主语从句）（ Anyone who breaks the law should be punished. ）Whoever breaks the law, he should be punished. （让步状语从句）（ No matter who breaks the law, he should be punished. ）it 构成的
5、主语从句（ 1）由连词 that 引导的主语从句，在大多数情况下会放到句子的后面，而用代词 it 作形式主语。谓语是 seem, appear, be certain, be a pity, be a wonder, be ones hope, be likely 等词或短语时。It is well-known that the earth moves around the sun. 众所周知，地球围绕太阳转。需要注意的是， it 作形式主语代替主语从句时，要注意和 as 引导的定语从句的区别。试比较：1It was reported that the US was under the ter
6、rorist attack. （主语从句，有 that ，无逗号）As was reported, the US was under the terrorist attack.（定语从句， 无 that ，有逗号）上两句意为“据报道，美国遭到恐怖分子的袭击”。用于 It is suggested / required / ordered / demanded that.句型中 ,动词为表示命令、建议、要求等意义的词。 主语从句应使用虚拟语气 ,谓语动词用 should + 动词原形 ,should 可以省略。例如 :It is suggested that you (should) spend
7、 more time in studying English. 你应该花更多的时间学习英语。（ 2）常见用 it 作形式主语的复合句结构1.It is a fact （ a good idea / a pity / a shame / no wonder / good news ）that 如：Its a pity that you missed the film.你没有看那部电影真是太遗憾了。2. It is necessary （clear / true / strange/ important /wonderful / possible / likely ） that需要注意的是，这类主
8、语从句中，谓语动词很多为“ （ should ）动词原形”，即要用虚拟语气。如：It is necessary that you（should ）master the computer.你很有必要掌握电脑。It is important that a student learn English well.学生学好英语很重要。Its clear that they badly need help.很明显，他们急需援助。It is likely that a hurricane will arrive soon.飓风很可能马上就要到达了。3.It is reported （ well-known
9、/ hoped / thought / expected /said /believed/decided /suggested /ordered ） that 如：It is said that he was killed in the earthquake.据说他在地震中丧生了。4.It seems （ happened / appears / doesnt matter /makes no difference / ）that 如：It seems that they will win the game.看起来他们好像会赢得这场比赛。It makes no difference wheth
10、er he will attend the meeting or not.他是否会参加会议都无关紧要。The Foreign Ministersaid, _ our hope that the two sides willworktowards peace.A. This is B. There is C. That is D. It is句式用形式主语 it 引导的主语从句相当多，有些已形成固定的语法和译法。常见的有：It is said that.据说 It is reported that.据报导 It is well known that.众所周知 It is announced th
11、at.据宣布 It is believed that.人们相信 It is thought that.人们认为 It is understood that.自不待言 It must be pointed out that.必须指出 It must be admitted that.必须承认 否定转移1) 将 think, believe, suppose, expect, fancy, imagine等动词后面宾语从句的否定2词转移到主句中，即主句的谓语动词用否定式，而从句的谓语动词用肯定式。I dont think I know you.我想我并不认识你。I don t believe he
12、 will come.我相信他不回来。注意：若谓语动词为hope,宾语从句中的否定词不能转移。I hope you werent ill.我想你没有生病吧。2) 将 seem, appear 等后的从句的否定转移到前面。It doesnt seem that they know where to go. 看来他们不知道往哪去。It doesnt appear that well have a sunny day tomorrow.看来我们明天不会碰上好天气。3) 有时将动名词，介词短语或整个从句的否定转变为对谓语动词的否定。I dont remember having ever seen su
13、ch a man. 我记得从未见过这样一个人。 (not 否定动名词短语 having )Its not a place where anyone would expect to see strange characters on the street.在这里，人们不会想到在街上会碰上陌生的人。 (anyone 作主语，从句中的谓语动词不能用否定形式。 )4) 有时状语或状语从句中否定可以转移到谓语动词前。The ant is not gathering this for itself alone.(否定状语 )蚂蚁不只是为自己采食。He was not ready to believe so
14、mething just because Aristotlesaid so. (否定because状语 ) 他并不因亚里斯多德说过如何如何，就轻信此事。She had not been married many weeks when that mans younger brother saw herand was struck by her beauty.(否定状语 many weeks)她结婚还不到几个月，这个人的弟弟就看见她了，并对她的美貌着了迷。主语从句练习1.has helped to save the drowning girl is worth praising.A. WhoB.
15、The oneC. AnyoneD. Whoever2. It washe saiddisappointed me.A. what ; thatB. that; thatC. what; whatD. that; what3. well go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.A. IfB. WhetherC. ThatD. Where4. he said at the meeting surprised everybody present.A. WhatB. ThatC. The factD. The matter5. was to return
16、 to school.A. That really interested himB. What really interested himC. Which really interested himD. That interest him really6.makes mistakes must correct them.A. WhatB. ThatC. WhoeverD. Whatever7._ he made an important speech at the meeting was true.A. ThatB. WhyC. WhatD.How8. _we ll go camping to
17、morrow depends on the weather.A IfB WhetherC ThatD Where9. It worried her a bit _ her hair was turning gray.3A. whetherB. thatC. whatD. when10.What I say and think _ none of your business.A. isB. areC. hasD have11.Does _ matter if he cant finish the job on time?A. thisB. thatC. heD. it12.It worried
18、her a bit _ her hair was turning grey.A. whichB. thatC. ifD. for13._ is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language.A. ThereB. ThisC. ThatD. It14._ what they told me really true?A. HasB. IsC. DoesD. Have15.It matters little _ a man dies, but _ matters much is _ he lives.A. how
19、; what; howB. how; it; howC. why; it; whyD. that; what; that16. _ she couldnt understand was _ fewer and fewer students showed interestin her lessons.A. What; whyB. That; whatC. What; becauseD. Why; that17. It is pretty well understood _ controls the flow of carbon dioxide in and outthe atmosphere t
20、oday.A. thatB. whenC. whatD. how18. _ fashion differs from country to country may reflect the cultural differences from one aspect.A. WhatB. ThatC. ThisD. Which19. -What made her parents so angry?- _ she had failed in the examination.A. AsB. BecauseC. SinceD. That20._ well go camping tomorrow depend
21、s on the weather.A. IfB. WhetherC. ThatD. Where21.-Do you remember _ he came?-Yes, I do. He came by car.A. howB. whenC. thatD. if22.It was a matter of _ would take the position.A. whoB. whoseC. whomD. whomever23. -I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week. -Is that _ you had a few days off?A. why
22、B. whenC. whatD. where24.I read about it in some book or other, does it matter _ it was?A. whereB. whatC. howD. which25.It is necessary that a college student _ at least a foreign language.A. mastersB. should masterC. masteredD. will master4Key: 1-10 D A B A B C A B B A 11-15 DBDBA 16-20 ACBDB 21-25
23、 AAADB表语从句表语从句在复合句中作表语的名词性从句，放在系动词之后，一般结构是“主语连系动词表语从句 ”。可以接表语从句的连系动词有be, look, remain, seem等。引导表语从句的that 常可省略。另外，常用的还有the reason is that 和It is because 等结构。例如：1) The question is whether we can make good preparation in such a short time.2) This is why we cant get the support of the people.3) But the
24、fact remains that we are behind the other classes.4) The reason he is late for school is that he missed the early bus.表语从句练习1. The question is _ we will have our sports meet next week.A. thatB. ifC. whenD. whether2 The reason why he failed is _he was too careless.A. becauseB. thatC. forD. because of
25、3. Go and get your coat. It s _you left itA. whereB. thereC. there whereD. where there4 The problem is _to take the place of TedA. who can we getB. what we can getC. who we can getD. that we can get5. What I want to know is _ he likes the gift given by us.A. thatB. ifC. whetherD.不填6. The reason is_I
26、 missed the bus.A. thatB. whenC. whyD. what7. That is_ _ we were late last time.A. thatB. whenC. whyD. what8. She looked _ she were ten years younger.A. thatB. likeC. asD. as though9. I fell sick!-I think it is _ you are doing too much.A. whyB. whenC. whatD. because10. The reason why he hasn t come
27、is _.A. because his mother is illB. because of his mother s being illC. that his mother is illD. for his mother is ill11. He was born here.- That is _ he likes the place so much.A. thatB. whatC. whyD. how12.That is _ Lu Xun once lived.A. whatB. whereC. thatD. why同位语从句同位语从句就是在复合句中作名词的同位语的名词性从句。51. 同位
28、语从句的功能that 引导，例同位语从句对于名词进一步解释，说明名词的具体内容，一般由如：1) The kings decision that the prisoner would be set free surprised all the people.2) The order that all the soldiers should stay still is given by the general.2. 同位语在句子中的位置同位语从句有时可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后面，而是被别的词隔开。例如：He got the news from Mary that the sports meeti
29、ng was put off.3. 同位语从句与定语从句的区别(1) 定语从句中的 that 既代替先行词，同时以在从句中作某个成分（主语或宾语），而同位语从句中的 that 是连词，只起连接主句与从句的作用，不充当句中任何成分。(2) 定语从句是形容词性的，其功能是修饰先行词，对先行词加以限定，描述定的性质或特征；同位语从句是名词性的，其功能是对名词进行补充说明。例如：1) The news that he told me is that Tom would go abroad next year. （他告诉我的消息是汤姆明年将出国。 ）（第一个 that 引导的从句是定语从句， that
30、在从句中作宾语）2)The news that Tom would go abroad is told by him. （汤姆将出国的消息是他讲的。）（同位语从句， that 在句中不作任何成分）同位语从句练习1. The fact _ she works hard is well known to us all. A. that B. what C. why D. which2. The fact _ he was successful proves his ability. A. hat B. what C. which D. why3. The news _ he was kidnapp
31、ed surprised us greatly. A. what B. that C. why D. when4. His suggestion _ the meeting be delayed was turned down A. which B. that C./ D. it5. I have no idea _ he will start. A. when B. that C. what D./6. Ive come from the government with a message _ the meeting wont be held tomorrow.A. if B. that C
32、. whether D. which7. The thought _ he might fail in the exam worried him. A. when B. which C. what D. that8. The order _ the prisoner be set free arrived too late. A. which B. whether C. that D. what9. The nurses are trying their best to reduce the patients fear _ he would die of the disease.A. that
33、 B. as C. of which D. which10. He often asked me the question _ the work was worth doing.A. whether B. where C. that D. when6宾语从句一 . 宾语从句的种类宾语从句是一种名词性从句，在句中作及物动词的宾语，或介词的宾语，或形容词的宾语。根据引导宾语从句的不同连词，宾语从句可分为三类。1. 由 that 引导的宾语从句。 That 只有语法作用，没有实在的意义，在口语和非正式文体中可以省略。例如：He said (that) he wanted to stay at hom
34、e. She doesn t know (that) she is seriously ill.I am sure (that) he will succeed.2. 由连接代词 who, whom, whose, what, which 和连接副词 when, where, why, how 引导的宾语从句。这些连接代词和连接副词在宾语从句中充当某个成分。例如：Do you know who (whom) they are waiting foe?He asked whose handwriting was the best.Can you tell me where the No.3 bu
35、s stop is?I don t know why the train is late.3. 由 if 或 whether 引导的宾语从句。 If 和 whether 在句中的意思是 “是否 ”。例如：I want to know if (whether) he lives there.He asked me whether (if) I could help him.二 . 宾语从句的语序宾语从句的语序应为陈述句的语序。例如：I hear (that) physics isn t easy.I think (that) you will like this school soon.Can
36、you tell me how I can get to zoo?Please tell me when we ll have the meeting.三 . 宾语从句的时态1. 如果主句的时态是一般现在时，宾语从句该用什麽时态就用什麽时态。如：I don t think (that) you are right.Please tell us where he is.Can you tell me how I can get to the railway station?2. 如果主句的时态是一般过去时，宾语从句只能用相应的过去时态（一般过去时， 过去进行时， 过去将来时，过去完成时） 。例如
37、：He asked what time it was.He told me that he was preparing for the sports meet.He asked if you had written to Peter.He said that he would go back to the U.S. soon.3. 如果宾语从句所陈述的是客观真理，其时态常用一般现在时。例如：Our teacher said that January is the first month of the year. Scientists have proved that the earth tur
38、ns around the sun.宾语从句练习71.Do you know _ during the coming summer holiday?A. what will Tom doB. what did Tom doC. what Tom will doD. what Tom did2.I want to know_.A. what i s his nameB. what s his nameC. that his name isD. what his name is3.Do you know _ I could pass the exam?A. that B. whetherC. wh
39、at D. which4. Jim doesn t understand _.A. which is the way to the museumB. why his wife always goes shoppingC. what is the way to the museumD. why does she always go shopping5. -Could you tell me _ she is looking for?A. thatB. whoseC. whoD. which6. Mr. King didn t know _ yesterday evening.A. when do
40、es his son come homeB. when his son comes homeC. when did his son come homeD. when his son came home7. Could you tell me _ the bike this morning?A. how does he mendB. how he mendsC. how he mendedD. how did he mend8. -I m waiting for the mail. Do you know _ it will arrive?-Usually it comes by 4: 00.A
41、. howB. whereC. whenD. what9. -Excuse me, would you please tell me _?-Certainly. Go straight along here. It s next to a hospital.A. how we can get to the post officeB. how can we get to the post officeC. how get to the post officeD. how could we get to the post office10. -Can I help you?- Yes. I d l
42、ike a ticket toMount Emei.Can you tellme _ take to getthere?A. how soon will itB. how soon it willC. how long it willD. how long will it11. He wanted to know _.A. whether he speaks at the meetingB. when the meeting would startC. what he s going to do at the meetingD. where would the meeting be held12. -Could you tell me _ the Bamboo Garden?-The day after tomorrow, I think.8A. when will you visitB. when you will visitC. when would you visitD. when you would visit13.Would you please tell me _ next, Mr Wang?A. what sho