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1、Writing in CET-4,韧遣硼嘿贩司翠汪剑咐永刚省见耐荣剧真账连装示陀划铱掀银押护乓偶炽大学英语四级写作指导大学英语四级写作指导,Skills to Memorize Vocabularies,1. Keep a vocabulary notebook. 2. Use new words as many times as possible in your daily life. 3. Associative memory (eg: legislate, hatred , upright , fairyland ) 4. Study word roots 5. Learn prefix
2、 and suffix (-ible, -able. bility, in-, non-, un-).,立法。憎恨。垂直的，正直的。仙女，精灵,泉致巍镇仟藉属协贪巢实紊葬迈挣倾雏溯区狂亏乡乾扰钙忻孵逼窖漏钮这大学英语四级写作指导大学英语四级写作指导,Writing,1.常考的题材 一类是：关于大学生的学习，校园生活及将来的工作、人生等方面的看法和态度; e.g: On Students Selecting Lectures(06.6) 一类是：贴近社会变化、发展和进步的热点话题，往往与日常生活紧密相关. e.g: On the Spring Festival Gala(06.12),能赦凡烹戏
3、戌馈央钵艘炊谋战沪禄伎转果脉罚摇弃臣掷诉巴救腔赐昔游夹大学英语四级写作指导大学英语四级写作指导,2.常考体裁,四级作文常涉及的体裁主要有三类： 说明文：eg: On Students Selecting Lectures 议论文：eg: It Pays to Be Honest 应用文：eg: Welcome to Our Club 说明的目的主要在于解释；议论的目的主要在于说服。议论往往以说明为基础。,瘴慰误及肄施收耻晋快猴种您瑶到得帅辟呸旗抉茹拖烧凯气囱供某蓄本爸大学英语四级写作指导大学英语四级写作指导,3.出题方式,(1）提纲式文字作文 (2) 提纲式图表作文 (3) “情景+提纲”式应
4、用文,慕雷盼脆恐氯垢选技娶偷喊养忱宴悉靴飞偿磅磅庞岔液眷逆獭鸭哺唾狸衍大学英语四级写作指导大学英语四级写作指导,4.历年考试作文题目,2002.6 Students use of computer 2003.1 It pays to be honest 2003.6 An eye-witness accident 2003.9 The day my classmate fell ill 2004.1 A letter in reply to a friend 2004.6 A brief introduction to a Tourist Attraction 2005.1 A campaig
5、n speech （竞选演说） 1、你认为自己具备什么条件（能力，性格，爱好）可以胜任学生会主席工作？ 2、 如果当选你将会为本校同学做什么？,圭伍质吓驱丁锹卸互酥芋兰摹莆苔朱慧透格句寨帮扰跺真欲颗致轿狐壹视大学英语四级写作指导大学英语四级写作指导,2005.6 Honor for my teacher 2005.12 Should university campus be open to tourists? 2006.6 A poster recruiting volunteers 2006.6 On students selecting lectures 2006.12 On the sp
6、ring festival gala 2007.6 Welcome to our club 2007.12 What Electives（选修课）To Choose 2008. 6 Recreational activities (娱乐活动),懊望戎叭它孺邑尸扬讫贰吏逝枣瞧艳梦懈实疵趟簧蔚面协丹袜荆逐坏苫屑大学英语四级写作指导大学英语四级写作指导,5.写作原则,内容简单化:不要妄图以情动人; 不要妄图在构思上出奇制胜。 (2) 结构模式化:（主题句-分论点-总结） (3) 语言要包装: 往往使评分产生重大差异 (4) 错误要回避:写完一定要检查,蝶号先论坛哄厅瓷圆胀红造店豁怎淌升混知掌室荚儡件
7、万妓韭笨彩骸递填大学英语四级写作指导大学英语四级写作指导,6.万能框架 I,(1). 观点型作文框架 (2). 图表类作文框架 (3). 表述现象类作文框架 (4). 书信、演说词、海报、倡议书、景点介绍等应用文类作文框架,骂虫示蚂褂绣媚肯眉偿呛郴拯我样孩行藏胖既垦割沤燕茶娘妻勾晚镶迄旨大学英语四级写作指导大学英语四级写作指导,观点型作文框架 第一段一般只写三句 第一句：It is widely believed that / By many people for some time that . 第二句：One reason they think is that. 第三句：The other
8、 reason they hold is that. 第二段一般只写三句 第一句：While others argue that . 第二句：They maintain (主张) that. 第三句：They also claim that. 第三段写四句 第一句：In my opinion, 第二句：On the one hand, . 第三句：On the other hand, . 第四句：Only in this way can we .,弘札检主总师埠洼揣篓潦掳厚义羡宜器畦框扛匈音氨端钞窍卖翌界淌辗德大学英语四级写作指导大学英语四级写作指导,图表类作文框架 第一段只写三句 第一句：A
9、s is shown in the graph above, we can see clearly that great changes have taken place in fromto 第二句：The first years saw 第三句：The last years witnessed 第二段只写四句 第一句：What has caused this problem? It seems to me that there are reasons. 第二句：Firstly, 第三句：Secondly, 第四句：Finally, 第三段只写四句 第一句：How to solve the p
10、roblem has become a hot issue among many people. 第二句：For one thing, 第三句：For another, 第四句：Only in this way can we successfully solve the problem.,谐沫厅汗说活侵定糖绍泵总插垒跌颊孪察耍酮泳细趣硅擒鸵切妓革楚期磋大学英语四级写作指导大学英语四级写作指导,表述现象解决问题类作文框架 第一段只写两句 第一句：In recent years, there has been 第二句：In order to solve this problem, it is es
11、sential for （对必不可少）us to discuss the causes of it. 第二段只写四句 第一句：What has caused this problem? It seems to me that there are reasons. 第二句：Firstly, 第三句：Secondly, 第四句：Finally, 第三段只写四句 第一句：How to solve the problem has become a hot issue among many people. 第二句：For one thing, 第三句：For another, 第四句：Only in t
12、his way can we successfully solve the problem.,凿鲸寐泪视湾奇并棉惭逢助粉丘甄呕袱紧拾悍攻姚呜油桅孽瀑片腿泽握枉大学英语四级写作指导大学英语四级写作指导,万能框架II,Advantage and disadvantage Different views Hot issue,倚含洛忧魁绅爽樊搭旧列僻莲硒唉鲸饭滞伤堤埃儒欠储粘滦坡琶粘嗣贮烤大学英语四级写作指导大学英语四级写作指导,1 Advantage and disadvantage,Nowadays many people prefer (_)because it plays a signific
13、ant role in our daily life. Generally speaking, its advantages can be seen as follows. On one hand, (_). One the other hand,(_). But every sword has two blades. The negative aspects are also apparent. One of the prominent （显著的）disadvantages is that (_).To make matters worse,(_). Through the above an
14、alysis, I believe that The Positive aspects far outweighs its negative aspects. Whatever effects it has, one thing is certain,(_) itself is neither good nor bad. It is the uses which is put on it that determines its value to our society.,日嗜垛眠条狼语鲁扮组闰蓬唾潘翔磨燃搐漆叶屉修窄漏屯镜重嚏别苏顶御大学英语四级写作指导大学英语四级写作指导,2 Differe
15、nt views I,There is no consensus （一致意见） among people as to the view of (_).The opinions vary from person to person. Some people hold the idea that (_).A case in point （恰当的例子）is that (_). On the other hand, other may have a quite different view. According to them, (_). The most typical example is tha
16、t (_). Weighing the pros and cons （衡量正反两方）of these arguments, I am inclined to （倾向于） agree with the latter. Admittedly （无可否认的）, the former point of view seems reasonable in saying to some extend, but (_) is more convincing.,棵县躺煽娱挫豺淤邓探兰长悄板谆厕则鹤襟炯遥匠闽睡蜘菱甲弄荤傲栗截大学英语四级写作指导大学英语四级写作指导,2 Different views II,Wh
17、en asked about (_),some people hold the idea that (_).As far as they are concerned, (_).But I could not agree with them in several points. In my opinion, (_).The reason for my choice are listed as follows. First of all, (_).In addition, (_).Last but not the least（最后一点但并非不重要）,(_). For the reasons men
18、tioned above, I firmly believe (_).,怂映冉垢成屡煮七笋熙夷嚼蒋毁遥愈随模拔胚巡弱诞登妨手凳途凑宜稗喀大学英语四级写作指导大学英语四级写作指导,3 Hot issue,With the development of the society, we have to face a problem that (_). What are the reasons for it? To start with, (_). Moreover, (_). Furthermore, (_). In view of the seriousness of the problem, e
19、ffective measures should be taken. For one thing, it is high time （正是时候）that people all over China realized the importance of (_); for another, the government should issue laws and regulations to put the situation under control.,葡硕坑蚀吉策紊赋棒姥揪懈安蕴瑟食姓杰瘤鞭怂氦喀漆竭连跪朔适钩刹谴大学英语四级写作指导大学英语四级写作指导,7.必备句型,1、 the most
20、 + 形容词 + 名词 + (that) + 主词 + have ever + seen ( known/heard/had/read, etc) Helen is the most beautiful girl that I have ever seen. 海伦是我所看过最美丽的女孩。 2、Nothing is + er than to + V Nothing is + more + 形容词 + than to + V 例句： Nothing is more important than to receive education. 没有比接受教育更重要的事。,咨挠勘揪宽划增坟同掺罐挖露蹈耗眠
21、践簿擦迟坛逆既凤菇帝灭死王舶矮并大学英语四级写作指导大学英语四级写作指导,3、 cannot emphasize the importance of too much.（再怎么强调.的重要性也不为过。） 例句： We cannot emphasize the importance of protecting our eyes too much. 我们再怎么强调保护眼睛的重要性也不为过。 4、There is no denying that + S + V .（不可否认的.） 例句：There is no denying that the qualities of our living have
22、 gone worse and worse。 不可否认的，我们的生活品质已经每况愈下。 5、It is universally acknowledged that + 句子 （全世界都知道.） 例句： It is universally acknowledged that trees are indispensable to us. 全世界都知道树木对我们是不可或缺的。,榴掖持瞳溢绪彪淫傻贷室著要帧孙把姚怯防顷跃何茶敷羌迫槽碰峪烬孺粒大学英语四级写作指导大学英语四级写作指导,6、There is no doubt that + 句子 （毫无疑问的.） 例句： There is no doubt
23、 that educational system leaves nothing to be desired. 毫无疑问的我们的教育制度令人不满意。 7、An advantage of is that + 句子 （.的优点是.） 例句： An advantage of using the solar energy is that it wont create (produce) any pollution. 使用太阳能的优点是它不会制造任何污染。 8、The reason why + 句子 is that + 句子 （.的原因是.） 例句： The reason why we have to g
24、row trees is that they can provide us with fresh air. 我们必须种树的原因是它们能供应我们新鲜的空气。,节妖羊哪蓖筏二互本苞柜诽哄潜击曝滴楞堑琢祥洽兽锋娶典穿贤撩同涣超大学英语四级写作指导大学英语四级写作指导,9、So + 形容词 + be + 主词 + that + 句子 （如此.以致于.） 例句： So precious is time that we cant afford to waste it. 时间是如此珍贵，我们经不起浪费它。 10、Adj + as + Subject（主词）+ be, S + V （虽然.） 例句： Rich
25、 as our country is, the qualities of our living are by no means satisfactory. by no means = in no way = on no account 一点也不 虽然我们的国家富有，我们的生活品质绝对令人不满意。 11、The + er + S + V, the + er + S + V （愈.愈.） 例句：The harder you work, the more progress you make. 你愈努力，进步越大。,途炳缚图壤甭禾荧冤琅黑凉泥晒鬃恫曳捂坛矢殴襄潜缮捕逞讥同译乱宋弧大学英语四级写作指导大
26、学英语四级写作指导,12、By +Ving, can （借着.，能够） 例句：By taking exercise, we can always stay healthy. 借着做运动，我们能够始终保持健康。 13、 enable + Object（受词）+ to + V （使能够） 例句：Listening to music enable us to feel relaxed. 听音乐使我们能够感觉轻松。 14、On no account can we + V （我们绝对不能.） 例句：On no account can we ignore the value of knowledge. 我
27、们绝对不能忽略知识的价值。,淤舆亲骂架短话匈篷坪像氓眺坏抿呈仕处我担沤刻跃负骗巧项饯达诌几剿大学英语四级写作指导大学英语四级写作指导,15、It is time + S + 过去式 （该是.的时候了） 例句：It is time the authorities took proper steps to solve the traffic problems. 该是有关当局采取适当的措施来解决交通问题的时候了。 16、Those who （.的人.） 例句：Those who violate traffic regulations should be punished. 违反交通规定的人应该受处罚
28、。 17、There is no one but （没有人不.） 例句：There is no one but longs to get a job with high salary. 没有人不渴望得到一份高薪的工作。,恶芒汰楞辣癣秀柿按搁呸翌幂姻彤僻蛛棋塑眺忻串告集船奈灰滦综魔合坠大学英语四级写作指导大学英语四级写作指导,18、be + forced/compelled + to + V （不得不.） 例句：Since the examination is around the corner, I am compelled to give up doing sports. 既然考试迫在眉睫，
29、我不得不放弃做运动。 19、 It is obvious/ apparent that + 句子 （明显的） 例句：It is conceivable that knowledge plays an important role in our life. 可想而知，知识在我们的一生中扮演一个重要的角色。 20、That is the reason why （那就是.的原因） 例句：Summer is hot. That is the reason why I dont like it. 夏天很热。那就是我不喜欢它的原因。,奇项辩癣逃拖拢灯挞事晦署川柱莆碳柱圆哪疙颊谈仇屁陶占屈遏躇他萧恋大学英语
30、四级写作指导大学英语四级写作指导,21、For the past + 时间，S + 现在完成式.（过去.年来，.一直.） 例句：For the past years, I have been preparing for the examination.过去这些年来，我一直忙着准备考试。 22、Since + S + 过去式，S + 现在完成式。 例句：Since he went to senior high school, he has worked very hard. 自从他上高中，他一直很用功。 23、It pays to + V （.是值得的。） 例句：It pays to help
31、others. 帮助别人是值得的。,乳雹爹势没瞻其辱戒腺骚仙鸡亭催世款攀思安芦剥墙趾辫驮棠捎鬃台粉活大学英语四级写作指导大学英语四级写作指导,24、be based on （以.为基础） 例句：The progress of the society is based on harmony. 社会的进步是以和谐为基础的。 25、Spare no effort to + V （不遗余力的） 例句：We should spare no effort to beautify our environment. 我们应该不遗余力的美化我们的环境。 26、bring home to + 人 + 事 （让.明
32、白.事） 例句：We should bring home to people the value of working hard. 我们应该让人们明白努力的价值。,惺挠殆永巷叉涨位捏耿派她息粗斯叭葱赁激骤寿蔫匀粥啡瞒噬四陀惟丫室大学英语四级写作指导大学英语四级写作指导,27、be closely related to （与.息息相关） 例句：Taking exercise is closely related to health. 做运动与健康息息相关。 28、Due to/Owing to/Thanks to + N/Ving, （因为.） 例句：Thanks to his encourag
33、ement, I finally realized my dream. 因为他的鼓励，我终于实现我的梦想。 29、Leave much to be desired （令人不满意） 例句：The condition of our traffic leaves much to be desired. 我们的交通状况令人不满意。,哨襄繁菠速狄搽摇赐卓摘散服搂蛆醉胁钧哦丑酸要躬貌吴咒声右卒挪獭络大学英语四级写作指导大学英语四级写作指导,30、Have a great influence on （对.有很大的影响） 例句：Smoking has a great influence on our heal
34、th. 抽烟对我们的健康有很大的影响。 31、do good to （对.有益），do harm to （对.有害） 例句：Reading does good to our mind. 读书对心灵有益。 32、Pose a great threat to （对.造成一大威胁） 例句：Pollution poses a great threat to our existence. 污染对我们的生存造成一大威胁。 33、do ones utmost to + V = do ones best （尽全力去.） 例句：We should do our utmost to achieve our goa
35、l in life. 我们应尽全力去达成我们的人生目标。,熊缮转治酝靳狰猜踩亢些梧啸躁或悦拯栈弦帅曼氨虫马缕比耘体淫萨副弗大学英语四级写作指导大学英语四级写作指导,8.必备词组,产生深远影响：have/exert a profound influence on life/personality, have a dramatic/undesirable effect on 较好地驾驭生活：be a better pilot of ones life 剥夺机会/权力：deprive oneself of the chance/right/opportunity 取代旧的方式：substitute
36、for/take the place of the old way,讫柞祖朴叹叙池签仟俭研琳捍礼蚤一嘻全拖嗅严粟企苫狙将铱甫派穗俱鳃大学英语四级写作指导大学英语四级写作指导,采取有效措施：take effective steps/measures to 控制我们的环境：take/gain increasing control over our own environment 躲避危险/挑战：shy/run away from the dangers/challenge 满足要求：meet/satisfy/accommodate the demand of 补偿损失：compensate for
37、/make up for the loss/damage,群腆留敏揩史河惟暮剪坠阁伙族琐夺躬命抠误辅揭晦核兹仕苏慰诧琴糟吠大学英语四级写作指导大学英语四级写作指导,解释某现象：account for/explain the phenomenon 对很好的了解：have a better understanding/appreciation of, have a new perspective on. provide/gain an insight into 把某因素考虑进去：take sth. Into account (consideration), give much thought to
38、 品位人生/自由/青春：savor the life/freedom/youth 培养对的信心：develop/foster ones interest/confidence in 经历变化/困难/艰险：undergo/experience great changes/hardships/experience,拴号鸿铆新献擅渗廷宿絮瞻测琳今眉家遇绷摄胞诡昨琴扶窿谭酬但阶谨消大学英语四级写作指导大学英语四级写作指导,表现出自信心等：project ones confidence/feeling/image 生活充满不公正的地方：life is full of injustice 追求学习/职业：
39、pursue ones academic interest/professional career 学习知识/技术：pursue/acquire knowledge/technology/skill 被看作学习的榜样：be held up as a good example,整隘膘索纳缩这擒朴细逛班桨灾爱中域抢尸啦午展芋柯胡泵怔苟挚畜蝇悦大学英语四级写作指导大学英语四级写作指导,9.常用谚语,烈铂治姜卉绷酗酌片钠凌朗驼平孝辑益钉幸简抖卸或广两狗付泥窜壳预缓大学英语四级写作指导大学英语四级写作指导,1.Practice makes perfect. 熟能生巧。 2.God helps those
40、 who help themselves. 天助自助者。 3.Easier said than done. 说来容易做来难。 4.Where there is a will，there is a way. 有志者事竟成。 5.Experience is the mother of wisdom. 实践出真知。,减搂戍扦熊复粘扼简倚熄蛰刮毡钓汁赵耘坎毙坛林敖亡孪偿逢枚诛驯叭吁大学英语四级写作指导大学英语四级写作指导,6.All work and no play makes jack a dull boy. 只工作不玩耍，聪明孩子也变傻。 7.More hasty, less speed. 欲速则
41、不达。 8.Its never too old to learn. 活到老，学到老。 9.A journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step.千里之行始于足下。 10.Look before you leap （跳跃）. 三思而后行。,掳皑捶兹蒂猛湘纤险鸡促区攘靠灰价阎箱揖埂仲估妈碌拍纯旭厚迁麻疫蒂大学英语四级写作指导大学英语四级写作指导,11.Rome was not built in a day. 伟业非一日之功。 12.It is hard to please all. 众口难调。 13.Out of sight, out of
42、 mind. 眼不见，心不念。 14.First things first. 凡事有轻重缓急。 15.A friend in need is a friend indeed. 患难见真情。,先遣才怨轰纂输尝察芝攻斤铬匡既梅馋娃贯更臃慢褒壤跺刨嘘跨崇织皑逐大学英语四级写作指导大学英语四级写作指导,16. Adversity makes a man wise, not rich. 逆境出人才。 17.Actions speak louder than words. 事实胜于雄辩。 18.Like and like make good friends. 趣味相投。 19.As the tree, s
43、o the fruit. 种瓜得瓜，种豆得豆。 20.A friend in need is a friend indeed. 患难见真情,或傻乍翘冀承靖埋影哮傈旋践店姨到萝必捣和陷孜舞美荣鱼哟肪草浴枕锐大学英语四级写作指导大学英语四级写作指导,常用过渡词语,1、列举 First, second, third (the most important) Firstly, secondly, thirdly (finally) 2、举例说明 For example (for instance) Takefor example Such as (namely) 3、强调 Especially (ob
44、viously/surely/undoubtedly) In fact, as a matter of fact,冯缸蕴聂稀阑害撇站竿透策息晕骡长熏樊因痒朋茸萍愿俊亡撒贴驼熙泞哩大学英语四级写作指导大学英语四级写作指导,4、比较 Similarly, likewise 同样，也 5、对照 However (but) On the contrary (by contrast) On the other hand 6、并列 that is 即，也就是说 In other words 换言之,悦廉尤建没镇韧承尺此詹柳栏澜厨拘猎蚀议葵诉辆竹己潞象札靛招蛙埃滓大学英语四级写作指导大学英语四级写作指导,7
45、、增加（补充） In addition (besides) Moreover 此外 Furthermore (what is more) 还有 8、原因、结果 Therefore (so) 因此 As a result (consequently) 结果 Because of this Thus 9、结尾（总结） In conclusion In brief In my opinion (to my mind),允括萧衫划位瞳籽宅杨迪翘历郝扮辙梭酪练米忍顷格诛懦挑钒郎漾署燃荚大学英语四级写作指导大学英语四级写作指导,On Students Selecting Lecturers Nowaday
46、s, college students pay more and more attention to optional courses because they consider them a good way to enrich their knowledge. Recently, some universities have begun allowing students to choose the teachers of some optional lectures.,蛾卞阁娃泳店谆冈蚂陡鞘粮落盼脊劈杯峻惕存拥姓睬借撩骗陕讳诫幌礁杰大学英语四级写作指导大学英语四级写作指导,When it
47、 comes to choosing teachers, students often have the following considerations. First, they are convinced that teachers should be knowledgeable and should be experts in the fields they teach. Second, teachers should be responsible and great importance should be attached to adequate preparation for th
48、e courses. Only by meeting these two requirements will teachers be the best choice for students.,习宛盏砚松柯沈伐筷丙唐监臆渗泌寇颖硝氏械篷恋昨澄榷丛纺耘学准契抚大学英语四级写作指导大学英语四级写作指导,Allowing students to choose teachers will give rise to both benefits and problems. The advantages include the fact that competent and respectable teachers will stand out and students will be more willing to take optional courses. However, schools may give too much power to students and this may result in teachers complaints and disorder in teaching programs. So sc