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1、WORD 格式整理版专题十一状语从句状语从句在高考试题中由于其他从句的干扰，以及倒装句，强调句的介入，使得状语从句更为复杂。状语从句是一种副词性从句，通常由一个从属连词或一个起连词作用的词组引导。状语从句1. 时间状语从句常见的连词 ( 组 ) ：when, while, as, before, after, once, till, until, as soon as, now that, hardly .when,scarcely .when, no sooner .than等。可以引导时间状语从句的副（介）词（短语）或名词短语：directly,instantly,immediately,
2、by the time,the moment, the second,the minute,the instant,everytime, each time, next time, the last time等。注意点如下：(1) when, while, as引导的时间状语从句as表示“当的时候”，往往和when/ while通用，但它着重强调主句与从句的动作或事情同时或几乎同时发生。 when(at or during the time)既可以表示在某一点的时候，又可以表示在某一段时间内，主句与从句的动作或事情可以同时发生也可以先后发生。while 强调一段时间，仅表示从句和主句的动作同时
3、发生，并且有延续意义，该从句中的动词一般要用延续性动词，从句中常用过去进行时态或一般过去时态；当 when表示 a period of time 时，两者可以互换。She came up as I was cooking.(同时 )在我做饭时，她走了过来。When we were at school, we went to the library every day.(在一段时间内)当我们在学校时，每天都去图书馆。While they were watching TV, I was preparing myself for the coming examination.他们在看电视，而我在为即
4、将到来的考试做准备。Strike while the iron is hot.趁热打铁。 (不可用 as或 when，这里的 while 意思是“趁”)when， while ，as引导时间状语从句的区别when ， while ， as显然都可以引导时间状语从句，但用法区别非常大。一、 when可以和延续性动词连用，也可以和短暂性动词连用；而while 和 as只能和延续性动词连用。 Why do you want a newjob whenyouvegotsucha good one already ？（ get 为短暂性动词）你已经找到如此好的工作，为何还想再找新的？ Sorry ， I
5、wasoutwhen youcalledme（ call为短暂性动词）对不起，你打电话时我刚好外出了。 Strikewhiletheironishot （ is 为延续性动词，表示一种持续的状态）趁热打铁。 The studentstooknotesas theylistened （ listen为延续性动词）学生们边听课边做笔记。二、 when从句的谓语动词可以在主句谓语动作之前、之后或同时发生；while 和as从句的谓语动作必须是和主句谓语动作同时发生。1从句动作在主句动作前发生，只用when。 When hehadfinishedhishomework，hetookashortrest
6、 （ finished 先发生） 当他完成作业后，他休息了一会儿。 When Igottotheairport， theguestshadleft（ got to 后发生）当我赶到飞机场时，客人们已经离开了。学习参考好帮手2从句动作和主句动作同时发生，且从句动作为延续性动词时， When While Asweweredancing ， astranger一位陌生人走了进来。 When While Asshewasmakingaphonecall词）当她在打电话时，我正在写信。WORD 格式整理版when， while ， as都可使用。camein （ dance为延续性动词）当我们跳舞时，
7、Iwaswritingaletter（ make为延续性动3当主句、 从句动作同时进行， 从句动作的时间概念淡化， 而主要表示主句动作发生的背景或条件时，只能用as。这时， as常表示“随着”；“一边，一边”之意。Asthe time went on，theweathergotworse （ as表示“随着”之意）Theatmospheregetsthinnerandthinnerastheheightincreases 随着高度的增加，大气越来越稀薄。 As yearsgoby， Chinaisgettingstrongerandricher随着时间一年一年过去，中国变得越来越富强了。 Th
8、elittlegirlssangastheywent 小姑娘们一边走，一边唱。 Thesadmother satontheroadside，shoutingasshewascrying伤心的妈妈坐在路边，边哭边叫。4在将来时从句中，常用when，且从句须用一般时代替将来时。 YoushallborrowthebookwhenIhavefinishedreadingit 在我读完这本书后，你可以借阅。 Whenthemanagercomes hereforavisitnextweek， Illtalkwithhimabout this下周，经理来这参观时，我会和他谈谈此事。三、 when用于表示
9、“一就”的句型中（指过去的事情）。sbhadhardly （ scarcely） donesth when HardlyScarcelyhad sbdonesth when Ihad hardlyscarcelyclosedmyeyeswhensomeoneknockedatthedoor HardlyScarcelyhadIclosedmyeyeswhensomeoneknockedatthedoor 我刚一闭上眼，就有人在敲门了。 Ihad hardlyscarcelyenteredmyroomwhenthe telephonerang HardlyScarcelyhadI entered
10、myroom whenthetelephonerang 我刚一走进房门，电话就响了。(2) before 引导状语从句时的常见重点句型 It will (not) be .before .还要才，要不了多久就It was (not) .before .过了才 ( 没多久就)It was a long time before I got to sleep.过了好长时间我才睡着了。It wasnt long before he told me about the news.没多久他就告诉了我那条新闻。 不等就；在之前就The telephone rang off before I could an
11、swer it.我还没来得及接电话，电话就挂断了。 刚就He hardly entered the room before he heard the telephone ring.他刚进屋电话铃就响了。 先再学习参考好帮手WORD 格式整理版You can have a few days to think about it before you make your decision.做决定之前你还有几天时间考虑。(3)since引导的从句用延续性动词的过去式（包括过去完成时）时，则从句的动作已经结束, 从句意思是否定的。如果从句的动词是延续性动词的现在完成时态，则从句意思是肯定的。He has
12、 never been to see me since I was ill.我病愈后，他一直未来看我。（不再生病了）He has never been to see me since I have been ill.我病了，他一直未来看我。I havent heard from him since he lived here.自他从这里搬走，我就没有收到他的信。（不住在这儿了）(4) till, until如果 till与until用在肯定句中时，则主句中谓语动词部分所表示的动作或状态一直延续到某时或某个动作发生时才结束。注意它的倒装句和强调句。I didnt recognize she wa
13、s my classmate until she took off her dark glasses.=Not until she took off her dark glasses did I recognise she was my classmate=It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I recognised she was my classmate.直到她摘下墨镜，我才认出她是我的同学。2. 原因状语从句引导原因状语从句的常见连词或短语：as, because, since, now that, considerin
14、g that, seeing that(鉴于 ) 。注意以下几点：(1) because, since, as, for, now thatbecause语气最强，用于回答why的提问，可与强调词only, just以及否定词 not连用。但不可以与so连用。since引导的从句语气次于because 引导的从句，常表示稍加分析后而推断出的原因，或指人们已知的事实，比 as正式一些 , 常置于句首。as语气最弱，其原因只是对结果的附带说明，一般放在句首。for虽然解释为“因为”但只是一个并列连词，它也常引导句子表示原因，但不是原因状语从句，它是一个并列句。 for 所提供的理由是一种补充性的说
15、明，表示推测的理由。now that意为“既然，由于”。表示由于人们已知的事实或正在发生的事而产生某个结果。He failed because he was careless.他因粗心而失败了。Since everyone has come, lets begin our meeting.既然大家都来了，我们开会吧。As all the seats were full, he stood there.所有的座位都满了, 他只好站那儿。It might have rained last night for the ground is wet.昨晚可能下雨了，因为地面是湿的。Now that th
16、e kids have left home we have a lot of extra space.由于孩子们离开了家，所以我们有了额外的空间。3. 地点状语从句地点状语从句常由下列连词引导：where, wherever等。You may find him where his brother lives.你可能会在他哥哥居住的地方找到他。You are free to go wherever you like.你可以去你想要去的任何地方。Anywhere he went, he got warm welcome.学习参考好帮手WORD 格式整理版无论他走到哪儿，都受到热烈欢迎。The gi
17、rl takes the doll with her everywhere she goes.这个女孩无论去哪都带着她的布娃娃。Where there is a will, there is a way.有志者事竟成。4. 结果状语从句结果状语从句常由下列连词引导：so .that，such .that， so that等。要注意以下几个问题:(1) 五种结构： so+adj./adv.+that . such (a/an+adj.)+n.+that . so+adj.+a/an+n.+that=such a/an+adj.+n.+that . so many/much/few/little(
18、少 )+n.+that . such+(adj.) +n. (u/pl.)+ thatHe spoke so fast that I couldnt follow him.他说的如此的快，我跟不上他。It was such a lovely day / so lovely a day that we all went swimming.今天天气如此的好，我们大家都去游泳了。(2) so 或 such置于句首时，主句常用倒装。It was such a lovely day / so lovely a day that we all went swimming. Such a lovely da
19、y was it that we all went swimming.今天天气如此的好，我们大家都去游泳了。(3) 注意以上结构与定语从句 so/such .as 的区别。This is such an interesting/so interesting a film that everyone wants to see it.这是一部很有趣的电影以至于每个人都想去看。5. 目的状语从句目的状语从句由下列连词引导：so that, in order that, for fear that, in case等。（注： so that也可用来引导结果状语从句）so that, in order
20、that引导的目的状语从句中常需用情态动词。so that引导的目的状语从句只能放在主句之后。in order that引导的目的状语从句可以放在主句之前或之后。We set out early so that we could see the sunrise.我们很早出发以便能看到日出。He sent the letter by air mail so that it might reach them in time.他空邮这封信以便他们能及时收到。6. 条件状语从句条件状语从句分为真实条件句和非真实条件句（用在虚拟语气中）。注意：在真实条件句中，常用一般时态代替将来时。常由下列连词引导条件
21、状语从句：if,unless,suppose, supposing,providing(that),provided(that),given (that), in case, on condition that, as long as, so long as, so far as等。(1) unless=if notYou will fail unless you study hard.除非你努力，否则你就要失败。(2) suppose, supposing, providing(that), provided(that), given(that)= ifGiven that he suppo
22、rts us, well win the election.如果他支持我们，我们就会赢得选举。学习参考好帮手WORD 格式整理版(3)on condition that, as long as, so long as = only ifAs long as you dont lose heart, you will succeed.只要你不灰心，你就会成功。(4) as(so) far as .So far as I am concerned, Im in favour of“mercy killing”.就我个人而言，我支持安乐死。7.让步状语从句引导让步状语从句的连词：although,
23、though, as, even if, even though,while, whether .or, whoever,whatever, however, no matter+疑问词等。注意以下几点：(1) although, though引导让步状语从句时，主句前不能用but, 但可以加 yet, still。Though it was raining hard, yet they didnt stop working.尽管下着大雨，他们仍然在工作。(2) as引导让步状语从句时，必须用前置结构，通常是从句中的表语、状语或动词原形放在句首，放在句首的名词前的冠词要去掉。Though he
24、 is a child, he knows a lot.=Child as(though)he is, he knows a lot.尽管他是个孩子，但他仍知道的很多。（注意: 在 child 前不要用冠词）Though I like it very much, I wont buy it.=Much as I like it, I wont buy it.尽管我非常喜欢它，但我也不会买它。(3)whether .or (not )引导的从句，提供两个对比的? 尽管 ? 情况，含有条件意味。（ Whether you ） Believe it or not, it is true.Whethe
25、r you come here or we go there, the topic of discussion will remain unchanged.不管是你来这儿还是我们去那儿，讨论的主题保持不变。(4)疑问词 +ever no matter +疑问词Whoever you are, you must show your pass.无论你是谁，你都必须出示你的通行证。Whenever you come, you are welcome.8. 方式状语从句引导方式状语从句的连词或短语：as, as if, as though,the way等。注意以下几点：(1) as引导方式状语从句时
26、意为? 按照 ? ， ? 如同 ? ，前面常用加强语气。I did it just as you told me.= I did it just as told to.我是按照你的吩咐做的。He didnt win the match as expected.(2) as if和 as though引导的从句中，谓语常用虚拟语气，有时也用陈述语气。It seems as if it were going to rain.(3) 连词 while 和 whereas 可以表示对比。Whereas he is rather lazy, she is quite energetic.注意 : 状语从
27、句中的省略现象(1) 连接词 +过去分词Unless repaired, the washing machine is no use.(2) 连词 +现在分词Look out while crossing the street.(3) 连词 +形容词 / 其他常见的有 if necessary,if possible,when necessary,if any等。(4) 比较状语从句中的省略学习参考好帮手WORD 格式整理版He arrived home half an hour earlier than (he had been) expected.例1:My parents don t m
28、ind what job I doI am happy.（2009? 陕西）A. even thoughB. as soon asC. as long asD. as though解析：选 C。考查状语从句。根据题干意思可知, 此处是条件状语从句。 as long as只要 ;even though引导让步状语从句，意为“即使”； as soon as 引导时间状语从句，意为“一就”；as though引导方式状语从句，意为“仿佛，好象”。例 2: Shall we have our picnic tomorrow?it doesn t rain.（ 2009? 山东）A. UntilB. W
29、hileC. OnceD. If解析：选 D。考查交际用语。答句句意为：如果明天不下雨的话。例 3:She had just finished her homeworkher mother asked her to practise playing the pianoyesterday.(2009?福建 )A. whenB. whileC. afterD. since解析：选 A。考查状语从句。由句意可知，此处when用作并列连词，意为“这时”。例 4:Youd better not leave the medicinekids can get at it.（ 2008?山东）A.even i
30、fB.whichC.where D.so that解析：选 C。句意为：你最好不要把药放在小孩子够得着的地方。where引导地点状语从句。even if即使； which不引导状语从句；so that 为了；以至于 ; 引导目的或结果状语从句。例 5:There were some chairs left overeveryone had sat down.(2008? 四川 )A. whenB. untilC. that D. where解析：选 A。句意为： 大家都坐下之后， 还有一些椅子空着。when 当时候 , 引导时间状语从句， 符合题意。 until直到 , 引导时间状语从句，但与
31、题意不符；that 不引导状语从句；where引导地点状语从句。例 6:Occasions are quite rareI have the time to spend a day with my kids.(2008? 山东 )A.whoB.whichC.why D.when解析：选 D。句意为：我很少有机会和孩子在一起待上一天的时间。when在此处引导定语从句，修饰先行词occasions(机会 ) ，并在从句中作时间状语。who和 which 是关系代词，定语从句中不缺少主语、宾语、表语，故排除； why引导定语从句时表示原因，与题意不符。例 7:Tomorrow is Tom s bi
32、rthday.Have you got any ideathe party is to be held?（ 2008? 陕西）A. what B.which C.that D.where解析：选 D。句意为：明天就是汤姆的生日了，你知道生日聚会在什么地方进行吗?idea 后的部分是同位语从句，说明 idea 的内容；根据题意判断用where引导。例 8:The last time we had great fun waswe were visiting the Water Park.(2008? 天津 )A. WhereB.howC. when D.why解析：选 C。句意为：我们最后一次玩得
33、很痛快是在游览水上公园时。was后的部分是一个表语从句，从句中缺少状语，根据题意判断用when引导。例 9:Don t promise anythingyou are one hundred percent sure.(2008?浙江 )A. whetherB. after C. howD. unless解析：选 D。句意为：不要承诺什么，除非你有百分之百的把握。unless 如果不，除非 ; 符合题意。 whether 是否；after之后； how 如何。例 10:well prepared you are, you still need a lot of luck in mountain
34、 climbing.(2008上海 )A. HoweverB. WhateverC. No matterD. Although解析：选 A。考查 however 的用法。 however 相当于 no matter how, 但 no matter 不能单独使用；句中的well 是副词，所以用 however 而不用 whatever 修饰； although 引导的让步状语从句不倒装。1.I ll let you know _ he comes back.学习参考好帮手WORD 格式整理版A. beforeB. becauseC. as soon asD. although2. She wi
35、ll sing a song _ she is asked.A. ifB. unlessC. forD. since3. We will work _ we are needed.A. wheneverB. becauseC. sinceD. wherever4. Read it aloud _ the class can hear you.A. so thatB. ifC. whenD. although5._ you go, dont forget your people.A. WheneverB. HoweverC. WhereverD. Whichever6. It is about
36、ten years _ I met you last.A. sinceB. forC. whenD. as7. They will never succeed, _ hard they try.A. becauseB. howeverC. whenD. since8. _ still half drunk, hemadehis way home.A. WhenB. BecauseC. ThoughD. As9. _ she was very tired, she went on working.A. AsB. AlthoughC. EvenD. In spite of10.Busy _ he
37、was, he tried his best to help you.A. asB. whenC. sinceD. for11.I learned a little Russian _ I was at middle school.A. thoughB. althoughC. as ifD. when12._ we got to the station, the train had left already.A. IfB. UnlessC. SinceD. When13._ the rain stops, we 11 set off for the station.A. BeforeB. Un
38、lessC. As soon asD. Though14.She was _ tired _ she could not move an inch.A. so, thatB. such, thatC. very, thatD. so, as15.We didn t go home _ we finished the work.A. sinceB. untilC. becauseD. though16.Ill stay here _ everyone else comes back.A. even ifB. as thoughC. becauseD. until17.Although its r
39、aining, _ are still working in the field.A. theyB. but theyC. and theyD. so they18.Speak to him slowly _ he may understand you better.A. sinceB. so thatC. forD. because19.Youll miss the train _ you hurry up.A. unlessB. asC. ifD. until20.When you read the book, you d better make a mark _ you have any questions.A. at whichB. at whereC. the placeD. where21.Wed better hurry _ it is getting dark.A. andB. butC.