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1、历史地理类 一（2014届江西省重点中学盟校高三第二次联考英语试卷）DMost of the people who appear most often and most gloriously in the history books are great conquerors and generals and soldiers, whereas the people who really helped civilization forward are often never mentioned at all. We do not know who first set a broken leg,
2、or launched a seaworthy boat, or calculated the length of the year, or manured(施肥)a field; but we know all about the killers and destroyers. People think a great deal of them, so much so that on all the highest pillars (纪念柱) in the great cities of the world you will find the figure of a conqueror or
3、 a general or a soldier. And I think most people believe that the greatest countries are those that have beaten in battle the greatest number of other countries and ruled over them as conquerors. It is just possible they are, but they are not the most civilized.Animals fight; so do savages (野蛮人); he
4、nce to be good at fighting is to be good in the way in which an animal or a savage is good, but it is not to be civilized. Even being good at getting other people to fight for you and telling them how to do it most efficiently this, after all, is what conquerors and generals have done is not being c
5、ivilized. People fight to settle quarrels. Fighting means killing, and civilized peoples ought to be able to find some way of settling their disputes other than by seeing which side can kill off the greater number of the other side, and then saying that that side which has killed most has won. And i
6、t not only has won, but, because it has won, has been in the right. For that is what going to war means; it means saying that might is right.That is what the story of mankind has on the whole been like. Even our own age has fought the two greatest wars in history, in which millions of people were ki
7、lled or disabled. And while today it is true that people do not fight and kill each other in the streets while, that is to say, we have got to the stage of keeping the rules and behaving properly to each other in daily life nations and countries have not learnt to do this yet, and still behave like
8、savages.70. In the opening sentence the author indicates that _.A. conquerors, generals and soldiers should not be mentioned in history books.B. history books focus more on those who helped civilization forward.C. those who truly helped civilization forward is rarely mentioned in history books.D. mo
9、st history books were written by conquerors, generals and soldiers.71. In the authors opinion, the countries that ruled over a large number of other countries are A. certainly both the greatest and the most civilizedB. neither the most influential nor the most civilized.C. possibly the most civilize
10、d but not the most powerful.D. likely the greatest in some sense but not the most civilized.72. The meaning of “it means saying that might is right.”(The last sentence of Paragraph 2) is that _.A. in a war only those who are powerful will win.B. those who are right should fight against those who are
11、 wrong.C. only those who are powerful have the right to go to war.D. those who fight believe that the winner is right and the loser wrong.73. In the third paragraph, what the author wants to convey to us is that _.A. we have fought fewer wars but suffered heavier casualties. B. modern time is not so
12、 civilized compared with the past. C. our age is not much better than those of the past.D. World War I and World War II are different from previous wars.74. According to the passage, who helped civilization forward?A. The pioneers in science and technology.B. Conquerors and generals.C. Those setting
13、 disputes by force.D. The experts in military matters 75. This passage is most likely taken from an article entitled _.A. Who Should Be RememberedB. Civilization and HistoryC. War and World Peace D. Great conquerors in the world 【考点】考察历史地理类阅读【文章大意】人们经常记住的是那些征服者，将军或者士兵，但是对于真正推动文明向前发展的人却很少记得。说明真正推动文明发
14、展的不是这些征服者，将军或者士兵。而是科学家和先驱者。70. 【答案】C 【试题解析】细节题。根据文章1,2行Most of the people who appear most often and most gloriously in the history books are great conquerors and generals and soldiers, whereas the people who really helped civilization forward are often never mentioned at all.可知出现在历史书上的大部分人都是征服者和将军或者
15、士兵，那些真正推动文明向前发展的人很少被提及。故C正确。71. 【答案】D 【试题解析】推理题。根据文章第一段最后3行And I think most people believe that the greatest countries are those that have beaten in battle the greatest number of other countries and ruled over them as conquerors. It is just possible they are, but they are not the most civilized.中最后一
16、句but they are not the most civilized可知虽然这些国家统治了很多其他国家，但是他们使用的是武力和暴力，却未必是最文明的。故D正确。72. 【答案】D 【试题解析】推理题。根据第三段4,5行Fighting means killing, and civilized peoples ought to be able to find some way of settling their disputes other than by seeing which side can kill off the greater number of the other side,
17、 and then saying that that side which has killed most has won. And it not only has won, but, because it has won, has been in the right.可知战斗就意味着杀戮，文明的人通常会找到其他的解决争端的方法而不是杀死对方。而战争的意思却不一样，在战争角度来说，胜者为王，败者为寇。所以For that is what going to war means; it means saying that might is right.的意思就是D项内容。73. 【答案】C 【试题
18、解析】推理题。根据本段2,3行And while today it is true that people do not fight and kill each other in the streets while, that is to say, we have got to the stage of keeping the rules and behaving properly to each other in daily life可知现在人们已经进入了制定规则并按照规则来做事情，不需要再通过打斗来实现目的的阶段。根据最后一句nations and countries have not l
19、earnt to do this yet, and still behave like savages现在不需要再像过去的野蛮人一样了。故C项正确。74. 【答案】A 【试题解析】推理题。根据文章第一段可知人们经常记住的是那些征服者，将军或者士兵，但是对于真正推动文明向前发展的人却很少记得。说明真正推动文明发展的不是这些征服者，将军或者士兵。而是We do not know who first set a broken leg, or launched a seaworthy boat, or calculated the length of the year, or manured(施肥)a
20、 field;中的科学家和先驱者。故A正确。75. 【答案】B 【试题解析】推理题。根据文章第一段可知文章讲述的是人们记住的往往只是征服者和将军士兵，对于推动文明发展的先驱者却了解不多，说明本文主要讲述的是文明和历史的话题。故B项正确。【长难句解析】1.Most of the people who appear most often and most gloriously in the history books are great conquerors and generals and soldiers, whereas the people who really helped civili
21、zation forward are often never mentioned at all.【翻译】出现在历史书上的大部分人都是征服者和将军或者士兵，那些真正推动文明向前发展的人很少被提及。【分析】本句是一个并列句，前面半句中有一个定语从句who appear most often and most gloriously in the history books修饰先行词people，whereas引导的是一个表示转折关系的并列连词。2.That is what the story of mankind has on the whole been like.【翻译】那就是人类的故事在整体上
22、的样子。【分析】本句中含有一个what引导的表语从句，what在这个表语从句中作为介词like的宾语，同时也是引导词。二（2014年山东日照市高三校际联合检测）BHuman civilization has truly come a long wayFrom using animals for transport to the super fast automobiles that we have todayFrom using flint to making fire to using one touch lightersBut there are some things that we w
23、ill never let go ofSome ancient traditions that have been brought down through the ages are still followed todayGroundhog Day(土拔鼠节)，falls on the 2nd of February every yearIt is observed in the United States and CanadaWhile this day may be a public holiday and a bank holiday，it is not a compulsory ho
24、liday declared by the governmentBut this is not so for all the statesState-wise holidays may vary学优gkstkEver heard of Punxsutawney Phil? Groundhog Day is observed because of this groundhogThe day is indeed about a groundhogPunxsutawney is the name of an apparently weather forecasting groundhogHe liv
25、es in his burrow(洞穴)on Goblers Knob，Punxsutawney in Pennsylvania，for a short period before the 2nd of February every yearOn the 2nd of February，Phil comes out from his burrow and looks for his shadowIf he sees his shadow and goes back into the burrow，then America will have an extended winter of six
26、weeks，But if he cannot see his shadow，and he remains outsideIt means winter will soon end and spring will arrive very shortly .Phil has beenpredictingthe length of winter in this manner for almost a century and they have always been almost 100 accurate Groundhog Day is celebrated in some parts of th
27、e USA and CanadaThe largest celebration is held at Punxsutawney，PennsylvaniaPeople come in scores to visit Punxsutawney PhilThey wait eagerly, camping days in advance，to see the small groundhog appear from his burrow，check for his shadow and either go back in or stay outPeople cheer when they hear i
28、t is time for winter to end and celebrate by eating sweets and singing and dancingTodaythe Groundhog Day is a widespread tradition and an exciting event46People celebrate Groundhog Day because _.Asome sweets are provided on Groundhog DayBmore and more people love groundhogs来源:学优GKSTKCthe groundhog p
29、redicts the beginning of springDPunxsutawney Phil is worth respecting47What does the author intend to tell us in Paragraph 1？AHuman civilization has a long history来源:GKSTK.ComBSome old traditions should be carried onCHuman civilization develops very fastDSome old traditions have disappeared48. We le
30、arn from the passage that Punxsutawney Phil _来源:GKSTK.ComAforecasts the weather based on his shadowBwitnesses the history of human developmentCorganizes celebrations on Groundhog DayDgives performances on Groundhog Day49We may infer from the passage that _Agroundhogs will replace TV weathermen soonB
31、groundhogs can forecast the weather accuratelyCGroundhog Day is becoming popular in the US and CanadaDa longer shadow of a groundhog indicates a longer winter50Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?A. Winter will end if the groundhog goes back into the burrow.BGroundhog
32、Day is a compulsoryholiday in the US and CanadaCA groundhog will remain outside if he sees his shadows on 2nd，FebDThe celebration in Punxsutawney attracts large numbers of visitors【考点】考察历史地理类短文【文章大意】人类文明经历了漫长的发展过程，一些古老的传统得以传承。作者介绍了在美国和加拿大部分地区盛行的土拔鼠节。人们为什么对土拔鼠节感兴趣？46. 【答案】 C 【试题解析】推理归纳题 从第二段以及最后一段“Gr
33、oundhog Day is celebrated in some parts of the USA and Canada”，“People cheer when they hear it is time for winter to end”等信息推理得知，人们把它当节日庆祝的原因就是因为它预示着春天的开始。故C正确。来源:gkstk.Com47. 【答案】B 【试题解析】细节理解题 从最后一句“Some ancient traditions that have been brought down through the ages are still followed today”得知，从而引
34、出下文土拨鼠节的历史和传承。B正确。48. 【答案】 A 【试题解析】 细节理解题 从文章第二段“Phil comes out from his burrow and looks for his shadow. If he sees his shadow and goes back into the burrow, then America will have an extended winter of six weeks”得知他是根据自己的影子来判断天气情况的。故A正确。49. 【答案】C 【试题解析】推理判断题 从最后一段“Groundhog Day is celebrated in so
35、me parts of the USA and Canada.”及“Today, the Groundhog Day is a widespread tradition and an exciting event”判断得知Groundhog Day这个节日在美国和加拿大很受欢迎。故C正确。50. 【答案】D 【试题解析】细节理解题 从第四段“The largest celebration is held at Punxsutawney, Pennsylvania”得知在宾夕法尼亚的Punxsutawney这个节日最受欢迎，也就说在这里这个节日能够吸引最多的游客。故D正确。【长难句解析】They wait eagerly, camping days in advance，to see the small groundhog appear from his burrow，check for his shadow and either go back in or stay out【翻译】他们焦急地等待，提前安营，就是为了看见土拨鼠从洞穴里出现，检查它的影子要么进去后面待在外面。【分析】本句中对非谓语动词的考察较多，不定式to see the small groundhog在句中做目的状语。另外句中的eitheror要么要么在句中表示选择关系。