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1、书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟。祝愿天下莘莘学子：学业有成，金榜题名！语言类考试复习资料大全专升本英语分类模拟64专升本英语分类模拟64Reading Comprehension It is difficult to imagine what life would be like without memory. The meanings of thousands of everyday perceptions, the bases for the decisions we make and the roots of our habits and skills are to be found i
2、n our past experiences, which are brought into the present by memory. Memory can be defined as the capacity to keep information available for later use. It includes not only remembering things like arithmetic or historical facts, but also involves any change in the way an animal typically behaves. M
3、emory is involved when a rat gives up eating grain because he has sniffed something suspicious in the grain pile. Memory is also involved when a six-year-old child learns to swing a baseball bat. Memory exists not only in humans and animals but also in some physical objects and machines. Computers,
4、for example, contain devices for storing data for later use. It is interesting to compare the memory-storage capacity of a computer with that of a human being. The instant-access memory of a large computer may hold up to 100,000 words ready for instant use. An average U. S. teenager probably recogni
5、zes the meaning of about 100,000 words of English. However, this is but a fraction of the total amount of information which the teenager has stored. Consider, for example, the number of faces and places that the teenager can recognize on sight. The use of words is the basis of the advanced problem-s
6、olving intelligence of human beings. A large part of a persons memory is in terms of words and combinations of words. 1. According to the passage, memory is considered to be _.A.the basis for decision making and problem solvingB.an ability to store experiences for future useC.an intelligence typical
7、ly possessed by human beingsD.the data mainly consisting of words and combinations of words答案:B解析 文章第二段第一句话说到“Memory can be defined as the capacity to keep information available for later use.”文中的capacity对应选项中的ability，文中的keep对应选项中的store，文中的later use对应选项中的future use。故选B。2. The comparison made between
8、 the memory capacity of a large computer and that of human being shows that _.A.the computers memory has a little bigger capacity than a teenagersB.the computers memory capacity is much smaller than an adult human beingsC.the computers memory capacity is much smaller even than a teenagersD.both A an
9、d B答案:C解析 通过第三段后几句“The instant-access memory of a large computer may hold up to 100,000 wordsready for instant use. An average U.S. teenager probably recognizes the meaning of about 100,000 words of English. However, this is but a fraction of the total amount of information which the teenager has st
10、ored.”的描述可知计算机的记忆容量仅是一个普通美国青少年的一小部分。故选C。3. The whole passage implies that _.A.only human beings have problem-solving intelligenceB.a persons memory is different from a computers in every respectC.animals are able to solve only very simple problemsD.animals solve problems by instincts rather than int
11、elligence答案:C解析 从文中最后一段第一句“The use of words is the basis of the advanced problem-solving intelligence of human beings.”可推断出人类有着解决高级问题的智力。四个选项中只有C项较为符合文意和常理。4. The phrase in terms of in the last sentence can best be replaced by _.A.in connection withB.expressed byC.consistingD.by means of答案:B解析 由最后一段
12、“The use of words is the basis of the advanced problem-solving intelligence of human beings. A large part of a persons memory is in terms of words and combinations of words.”可知B对。5. The topic of the passage is _.A.What would life be like without memoryB.Memory is of vital importance to lifeC.How is
13、a persons memory different from an animals or a computersD.What is contained in memory答案:B解析 文中开头“It is difficult to imagine what life would be like without memory.”即是中心，即强调了记忆的重要性，故选B。 Sustainable management is seen as a practical and economical way of protecting species from extinction. Instead of
14、 depending on largely ineffective laws against poaching(偷猎), it gives local people a good economic reason to preserve plants and animals. In Zimbabwe, for instance, there is a sustainable management project to protect elephants. Foreign tourists pay large sums of money to kill these animals for spor
15、ts. This money is then given to the inhabitants of the area where the hunting takes place. In theory, locals will be encouraged to protect elephants, instead of poaching them because of the economic benefit involved. This sounds like a sensible strategy, but it remains to be seen whether it will wor
16、k. With corruption in these developing countries, some observers are skeptical(怀疑的) that the money will actually reach the people it is intended for. Others wonder how effective the locals will be at stopping poachers. There are also questions about whether sustainable management is practical when i
17、t comes to protecting forests. In theory, the principle should be the same as with elephantsallow logging companies to cut down certain number of trees, but not so many as to completely destroy the forest. Sustainable management of forests requires controls on the number of trees which are cut down,
18、 as well as investment in replacing them. Because almost all tropical forests are located in countries which desperately need revenue from logging, there are few regulations and incentive to do this. One solution might be to certify wood which comes from sustainably managed forests. In theory, consu
19、mers would buy only this wood and so force logging companies to go green or go out of business. Unfortunately, unrestricted logging is so much more profitable that wood prices from managed forests would cost up to five times morean increase that consumers, no matter how green, are unlikely to pay. 6
20、. Which of the following statements is true in understanding the sustainable management?A.Sustainable management is usually used in commercial units.B.Sustainable management is more powerful than laws.C.We will probably meet many problems in the course of applying sustainable management.D.It is like
21、ly that sustainable management will replace the laws in protecting living things.答案:C解析 由题干关键词sustainable management定位到第二段首句“This sounds like sensible strategy, but it remains to be seen whether it will work.”和第三段首句“There are also questions about whether sustainable management is practical when it c
22、omes to protecting forests.”可推知，可持续管理在实施过程中可能会遇到问题。7. The example of Zimbabwe is mentioned in the first paragraph is to _.A.prove that sustainable management is ineffectiveB.explain what sustainable management isC.show that tourism there is flourishingD.illustrate that people there are good at makin
23、g money with elephants答案:B解析 由题干提示定位到第一段可知，该段第一、二句话解释了可持续管理的定义，接着就以津巴布韦为例来说明可持续管理到底是什么。因此B符合题干要求。8. The phrase go green in paragraph 5 probably means _.A.a company begins to make money instead of being in redB.making the forests always green in colourC.operating in ways which do not damage the envir
24、onmentD.starting from the very beginning答案:C解析 由第五段第二句“In theory, consumers would buy only this wood and SO force logging companies to go green or go out of business.”可知，消费者将只购买采伐自可持续管理森林的木材，由此迫使伐木公司只有以保护森林为前提进行采伐才可以。只有C项符合文意。9. What is the passage mainly about?A.What does environmental protection m
25、ainly include.B.How feasible is sustainable management in environmental protection.C.What attitudes do different people have towards sustainable management.D.How can people protect animals and plants.答案:B解析 文章第一段首句“Sustainable management is seen as a practical and economical way of protecting specie
26、s from extinction.”就点明了话题，即可持续管理被认为是防止物种灭绝的可行而经济的方法。全文通过实例以及现有问题等进一步说明这种方法的可行性。10. What attitude does the author take towards the feasibility of sustainable management?A.Positive.B.Pessimistic.C.Negative.D.Skeptical.答案:D解析 纵观全文，作者在第二至五段都在探讨应用可持续管理可能会出现的问题，所以可推断作者对可持续管理的可行性持有怀疑态度。 America is a countr
27、y on the move. In unheard-of numbers, people of all ages are exercising their way to better health. According to the latest figures, 59 percent of American adults exercise regularlyup 12 percent from just two years ago and more than double the figure of 25 years ago. Even non-exercisers believe they
28、 would be more attractive and confident if they were more active. It is hard not to get the message. The virtues of physical fitness are shown on magazine covers, postage stamps, and television ads for everything from beauty soaps to travel books. Exercise as a part of daily life did not catch on un
29、til the late 1960s when research by military doctors began to show the health benefits of doing regular physical exercises. Growing publicity (宣传) for races held in American cities helped fuel a strong interest in the ancient sport of running. Although running has leveled off in recent years as Amer
30、icans have discovered equally rewardingand sometimes saferforms of exercise, such as walking and swimming, running remains the most popular form of exercise. As the popularity of exercise continues to mount, so does scientific evidence of its health benefits. The key to fitness is exercising the maj
31、or muscle groups vigorously(强有力地) enough to approximately double the heart rate and keep it doubled for 20 to 30 minutes at a time. Doing such physical exercises three times or more a week will produce considerable improvements in physical health in about three months. 11. According to the passage,
32、what was the percentage of American adults doing regular physical exercises two years ago?A.About 70%.B.Almost 50%.C.Nearly 60%.D.More than 12%.答案:B解析 从第一段第三句“According to the latest figures, 59 percent of American adults exercise regularlyup 12 percent from just two years ago and more than double t
33、he figure of 25 years ago.”可知根据最新的数据，定期运动的美国成年人为59%，这个数字比两年前高12%，由此可知两年前定期运动的美国人大致是50%。12. A growing interest in sports developed after _.A.research showed their health benefitsB.people got the message from magazine covers and postage stampsC.scientific evidence of health benefits was shown on TV ad
34、sD.an increasing number of races were held in American cities答案:A解析 由第二段第三句“Exercise as a part of daily life did not catch on until the late 1960s when research by military doctors began to show the health benefits of doing regular physical exercises.”可知A正确。13. Which of the following is closest in m
35、eaning to the phrase leveled off (Para. 2)?A.become very popularB.stopped being popularC.stopped increasing in popularityD.reached its lowest level in popularity答案:C解析 根据这句话的上下文“Although running has leveled off in recent years as Americans have discovered equally rewardingand sometimes saferforms of
36、 exercise, such as walking and swimming, running remains the most popular form of exercise.”可知level off与下文的popular相对，而上下文有明显的转折在里面，因此选C。14. It can be learnt from the passage that the health benefits of exercise _.A.are yet to be provedB.are to be further studiedC.are self-evidentD.are supported by s
37、cientific evidence答案:D解析 文章第三段第一句说到“As the popularity of exercise continues to mount, so does scientific evidence of its health benefits.”此题的关键是读出so does句型。15. Which of the following would be the best TITLE for the passage?A.ExerciseThe Road to Health.B.Different Forms of Exercise.C.Scientific Evide
38、nce of Health Benefits.D.RunningA Popular Form of Sport.答案:A解析 文章开头“In unheard-of numbers, people of all ages are exercising their way to better health.”即是中心。 Looking back on my childhood, I am convinced that naturalists are born and not made. Although we were all brought up in the same way, my brot
39、hers and sisters soon abandoned their pressed flowers and insects. Unlike them, I had no ear for music and languages. I was not an early reader and I could not do mental arithmetic. Before World War I we spent our summer holidays in Hungary. I have only the dim memory of the house we lived in, of my
40、 room and my toys. Nor do I recall clearly the large family of grand-parents, aunts, uncles and cousins who gathered next door. But I do have a crystal-clear memory of the dogs, the farm animals, the local birds and, above all, the insects. I am a naturalist, not a scientist. I have a strong love of
41、 the natural world, and my enthusiasm has led me into varied investigations. I love discussing my favorite topics and enjoy burning the midnight oil while reading about other peoples observations and discoveries. Then something happens that brings these observations together in my conscious mind. Su
42、ddenly you fancy you see the answer to the riddle(谜), because it all seems to fit together. This has resulted in my publishing 300 papers and books, which some might honor with the title of scientific research. But curiosity, a keen eye, a good memory and enjoyment of the animal and plant world do n
43、ot make a scientist; one of the outstanding and essential qualities required is self-discipline, a quality I lack. A scientist requires not only self-discipline but hard training, determination and a goal. A scientist, up to a point, can be made. A naturalist is born. If you can combine the two, you
44、 get the best of both worlds. 16. The first paragraph tells us that the author _.A.was born to a naturalists familyB.lost his hearing when he was a childC.didnt like his brothers and sistersD.was interested in flowers and insects in his childhood答案:D解析 从文章第一段第二句“Although we were all brought up in th
45、e same way, my brothers and sisters soon abandoned their pressed flowers and insects.”可推知作者的兄弟姐妹不久就放弃了这种爱好，而作者却没有。因此选D。17. The author cant remember his relatives clearly because _.A.he didnt live very long with themB.he was fully occupied with observing natureC.he was too young when he lived with th
46、emD.the family was extremely large答案:B解析 从第二段最后一句“But I do have a crystal-clear memory of the dogs，the farm animals, the local birds and, above all, the insects.”可推断出答案是B。18. Which of the following statement is true?A.The author believes that a born naturalist cannot be a scientist.B.The authors bro
47、thers and sisters were good at music and languages.C.The author read a lot of books about the natural world and the oil industry.D.The author spent a lot of time working on riddles.答案:B解析 由第一段倒数第二句“Unlike them, I had no ear for music and languages.”可推断出作者的兄弟姐妹们都很擅长音乐和语言。其他几项都同文意不相符。19. The author sa
48、ys that he is a naturalist rather than a scientist probably because he thinks he _.A.lacks some of the qualities required of a scientistB.has a great deal of trouble doing mental arithmeticC.just reads about other peoples observations and discoveriesD.comes up with solutions in a most natural way答案:A解析 第四段第一句说到“.one of the outstanding and essential qualities required