《电气外文文献翻译.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《电气外文文献翻译.docx（14页珍藏版）》请在三一文库上搜索。
1、Circuit breaker断路器Compressed air circuit breaker is a mechanical switch equipment, can be i空气压缩断路器是一种机械开关设备，能够在n normal and special conditions breaking current (such as short circuit cur正常和特殊情况下开断电流（比如说短路电流）。rent). For example, air circuit breaker, oil circuit breaker, interference circ例如空气断路器、 油断路器
2、，干扰电路的导体uit conductor for the application of the safety and reliability of the circuit干扰电路的导体因该安全可靠的应用于其中，breaker, current in arc from is usually divided into the following grades: a电 流 断 路 器 按 灭 弧 远 离 通 常 被 分 为 如 下 等 级 ：ir switch circuit breaker, oil circuit breaker, less oil circuit breaker, compr
3、空气开关断路器、油断路器、少油断路器、压缩空essed air circuit breaker, a degaussing of isolating switch, six sulfur hexaf气断路器、具有消磁性质的隔离开关、六氟luoride circuit breaker and vacuum breaker. Their parameters of voltage,化硫断路器和真空断路器。他们的参数有电压等级、current, insulation level of breaking capacity, instantaneous voltage off ti开断容量的电流、绝缘等
4、级开断时间的瞬时电压恢复和me of recovery and a bombing. Breaker plate usually include: 1 the maxi轰炸时间。断路器的铭牌通常包括：1.最大可承mum tolerable current; 2 of the maximum current is interrupted; 3 largest受电流；2.最大中断电流；3.最大线line voltage; 4 interrupt the cycle number. In the 60hHZ system, interrupt路电压；4.中断周期数量。在 60hHZ 的系统中，中断m
5、ay last from 3- to 8 cycle, in order to quickly break up to the load curre 可能持续 3-至 8 个周期，为了快速中断达负荷电流，nt, we have to ensure continued to cool it, high-speed, breaking can limit我们不得不确保它的持续冷却，高速开断能限制on transmission line damage, it is equally important to help system to mai对传输线路的损害，这一点是同等重要的它帮助系统ntain
6、stable operation at any time of the accident, the main circuit breaker在任何事故发生时维持稳定运行，断路器主要by operating mechanism, actuator and arc quenching chamber.由操作机构、执行机构和灭弧室组成。When a trigger current or voltage, spring operation mechanism of air isol当有触发电流或者电压时，空气隔离开关的弹簧操作机构ation switch moves quickly to reduce
7、 the contact loss, special shape and u迅速动作以用来减少触点的烧损，主触点的特殊形se the material of main contact completely fit for the arc of contact, air is状和使用材料完全适合电弧的接触，空气olation switch further improvement is due to the arc quenching performan隔离开关更进一步的改进是由于灭弧性能ce, insulating baffle plates arc shield, with arc the f
8、unction of these specia绝缘隔板组成的灭弧罩，带灭弧功能的触头等这些特殊性l properties, it is used in low voltage and DC circuit breaker.质，所以仍被应用于低电压等级和直流断路器中。Oil circuit breaker in around 1900, mainly to meet the new, breaking capa多油断路器出现于 1900 前后，主要用来满足新的开断容量的要求， city requirements, AC switch is immersed in an oil cylinder,
9、 the oil in the交流开关被浸入一个油缸之中，油在arc quenching and zero set off function is very effective in the current, arc熄灭电弧和在电流过零时建立开断功能是十分有效，gate, nozzle, pear, a new operation mechanism and a variety of the new c灭弧栅、喷油嘴、鸭梨锄头、新的操作机构和多种新的断路功能ircuit function in recent decades to introduce the use of oil circuit
10、 breaker在近几十年引进使用多油断路器能够适应362kV。can adapt to 362kV.Types and Construction of Transformer变压器的类型和结构A transformer is a device that alternating current electric energy at one vo变压器是一个通过磁场作用将一个交流电压值变成另一个电压值的ltage level into alternating current electric energy at another voltage level设备。through the action
11、 of a magnetic field.It consists of two or more coils wir它由 2 条或更多的金属丝缠绕在e wrapped around a common ferromagnetic core.These coils are (usually)一个核心磁铁上组成的。这些绕线（一般）不直not directly connected. The only connection between the coils is the com接接触。绕线之间唯一的联系是它们共有的存在于磁芯mon magnectic flux presen within the cor
12、e.的磁通量。One of the transformer windings is connected to a source of ac electric po一组变压器绕组连接到一个交流电源上，wer,and the second(and perhaps third) transformer winding supplies elect同时第二组（或许第三组）变压器绕组作为电源提供给负载。ric power to loads. the transformer winding connected to the power souce连接到电源上的变压器绕组叫做一次绕组，或者输is calle
13、d the primary winding or input winding.and the winding connecte入绕组。连接负载的绕组叫做二次d to the loads is called the secondary winding or input winding.If there is绕组或者输出绕组。如果电压a third winding on the transformer,it is called the tertiary winding. Powe器上有第三绕组，它叫做三次绕组。电力变r transformer are constructed on one of t
14、wo types of cores.one type of con压器由一两种磁芯中的一种构成。一种构造是由struction consists of a simple rectangular laminated piece of steel with the一种简单的变压器绕组缠绕在矩形两边的矩形薄钢片组成。transformer windings wrapped around two sides of the rectangle.This typ这种构e of construction is know as coreform .The other type consists of thre
15、e-le造类型被认为是核心形式。另一种类型是由绕组缠绕在中心gged laminated core with the windings wrapped around the center leg .Th引脚的 3 引脚叠片铁心构成。is type of construction is know as shell form.In either case,the core is con这种构造类型贝壳形式。其中任意一种类型， 磁心都structed of thin laminations electrically isolated form each other in order i是 由 排 列
16、 整 齐 的 彼 此 之 间 电 气 隔 离 的 薄 迭 片 构 成 ，n order to reduce eddy currents to a minimum.The primary and secondary windings in a physical transformer are wrapp一个物理变压器的一次绕组和二次绕组被缠绕成一个在内部的另一ed one on top of the other with the low-voltage winding innermost.Such a个低压绕组的上面。这样安n arrangement severs two purposes: 1
17、.It simplifies the problem of insulati排达到了两个目的：1.它简化了从磁芯到高压绕组的绝ng the high- voltage winding from the core.2.It results in much less leaka缘问题。2. 与过去将两个绕组在磁心上ge flux than would be the two windings were separated by a distance on t隔离一定距离比起来，它导致更少的漏通量。he core.Power transformer are given a variety of dif
18、ferent names, depending on th电力变压器被赋予了很多不同的名字，取决于它们在eir use in power systems.Atransformer connected to the output of a gener当前系统中的作用。一变压器连接到一个发电机的输出端，ator and used to step its voltage up to transformer levels is sometimes call并且用于步调它的电压达到变压器值有时被叫做单位变压器。ed unit transformer. The transformer ai the oth
19、er end of the transformer li变压器一个排在另一个后面将电压从传送值ne,which steps the voltage down from transmission levls to distribution le步降到分布值，vels,is called a substation transformer.Finally,the transformer that takes th被叫做变电站。最后，变压器将分布电压和步幅e distribution voltage and steps is down to the final voltage ai which the
20、 p降到最后的实际使用的电能被叫做发送变压器。ower is actually used is called a distribution transformer.All these devices所有这些设备本are essentially the same-the only difference among them is their intended质上都是相同的它们之间唯一不同的是它们的特定用途。use.In addition to the various power transformer, two special-purpose trans除了各种电力变压器两个专用变压器使用电fo
21、rmers are used with electric machinery and power systems.The first of t动机械和电力系统这些特殊hese special transformers is a device specially designed to sample a high变压器中的第一个是一个专门简化高电压产生较低的二次电压而设voltage and produce a low secondary voltage directly proportional to it.S计的装置uch a transformer is called a potentia
22、l transformer.A power transformer al例如一个变压器叫做电压互感器一个电力变压器也产so produces a secondary voltage directly proportional to its primary volta生二次电压直接与它的初级电压成正比ge;the difference between a potential transformer and a power transforme之间差异的一个潜在功率变压器和一个变压器，是潜在的变压器r is that the potential transformer is designed to
23、 handle only a very small c是设计来处理只有一个很电流。urrent.The second type of special transformer is a device designed to prov在第二种类型的变压器是一个特殊装置设计为提供一个二次侧ide a secondary current.much smaller than but directly proportional to its电流。多小但比比例对其直接初级电流。primary current.This device is called a current transformer.这个装置叫做
24、电流互感器Lingting protection防雷保护The thunder and lightning protects to connect the ground; Connect the gr雷电保护接地是避雷技术最重要的环节，不管是直击雷、ound to avoid the thunder the most important link of the technique, ignore感应雷或其他形式的雷，避is a shot thunder, respond the thunder of the thunder or other form, and a雷 工作的最终都是把雷电流送入
25、大地。void the thunder work most all of send into the earth the thunder electric current. Store the thunder energy to behave the type to build the , current t储存雷能量为人类造福，目前科技echnology to still reach to not arrive, and therefore have no the reasonabl还达不到，因此没有合理而良好的接地装置是不可能谈及防雷的。e but good connect the gro
26、und equip to is impossible to speak about to de fend the thunder.Therefore say the design, the construction is very high st所以说设计、施工好高标准的接地系统是防雷工作andard to connect the ground system is a heavy inside that defend thunder的重中之重。s work it heavy. High electric potential that For long time, people have an长
27、期以来，人们有一个错illusion, and think that connect the ground electric resistance more small觉，认为接地电阻越小避雷效果就越好，被保护的对象就安全。avoid the thunder result and then more like, quilt object that protect safet y. Certainly the electric resistance is more the small is more quick, strike当然电阻越小散流越快，雷击的by lightning to reser
28、ve time more short, the risk is more small, electric vo高电位保留时间越短，危险性越小，其跨步电压、ltage of its stride, get in touch with the the electric voltage produce the m接触电压产生的机遇也就越小。achine too the more the ?But, construction that the fulfillment proof of ne但是，近十几年来的实践证明，ar and more than ten in the last yearses, w
29、ith its say that connect the wort与其说接地电阻值重要，h importance of ground electric resistance, not equal to say that connect t不如说接地装置的结构更合he ground to equip more reasonable, importance electricity equipments, d理、重要。emand variety that nows city, there is lots of in a building inside not the c现在的城市， 在一座建筑物内有
30、许多不同性质的电气设ongeniality connect the ground device, if avoid the thunder to connect the备，需要多种接地装置，如避雷接地、电气安全接地、交ground, electricity the safety to connect the ground, AC power the work t流电源工作接地、通信及计算机系统接地，o connect the ground, correspondence and calculator system to connect th e ground, according to the
31、 fulfillment proof, totally use to connect the gro根据实践证 明，共用接地是应用最为广泛的und is an application most for extensive connect the local type. 接地方式。That A, the independence connect the ground: As above part for demand一、 独立接地：如上面所谈到的需要接for speak ofing connecting the ground of, all distinguish to independentl
32、y地的部分，都分别独立地建立自己的establish the own to connect the ground system, and this kind of connect接 地系统，这种接地方式称为独立接地。the local type to call the independence to connect the ground. Its advantag它的好处是e is each system and cant result in the mutual interference, and this is part各系统之间不会造成互相干扰，这对通信系统尤其重要。icularly i
33、mportant to correspondences systems.But the adoption independ但网络容易被雷击坏，ence that network easily were strike by lightninged is bad, so besides hav故除有防爆炸e to defend to explode the dangerous environment requesting to must wan要求的危险环境必须要采用独立的避雷方式外，t the adoption the independence of avoid the thunder meth
34、od generally no一般不主张采用独立接地的方式。t lay claim to the way to connect the ground. Two, totally use to connect t二、 共用接地：he ground: Also call unify to connect the ground.The each system that it c也叫统一接地。它是把 需要接地的各onnect the ground the demand unifies to receive a connect the ground to e个系统统一接到一个接地装置上，quip top
35、, or is originally each system of connect the ground device to pass或者把各系统原来的接地装置通过地下或者地上用金属导the underground to perhaps and up link, make them the electricity for bec体连接起来，使它们之间成为畅通的电气接oming of its to connect the ground to unify the ground net with metals co地统一地网，这样的接地方式为共用接地。nductor, like this of co
36、nnect the local type is to totally use to connect the ground. it is current to use to connect the ground totally applied the most共用接地是目前应用最广泛的接地方式。extensive connect the local type. Each system that Three, conn三、 一点接地：ect the ground 1:00: Method that connecting the ground line to receive to把各系统的接地线接到
37、接地母线同一点或 同一金属 平面上，connect the same point or same metals flat surface of line of ground mother of each system is up, like this call connect the ground 1:00 method.这 样的方法叫 一点接地 法。Connect 1:00 the ground method can resolve the etc. Electric potential to一点接地法能解决各系统接地线的等电位问题，所以能够降低各系connect the ground li
38、ne the problem, can therefore lower of each system c统之间的干扰程度，an cancellation of top of interference fundamental for of interference degr ee, particularly is 50 HZ work signal to system, and connect the ground m尤其是 50HZ 工频信号对系统的干扰基本上得以消除，ethod on the engineering to get the extensive application there
39、fore and 1:所以一点接 地法在工程上得到广泛应用。00. Four, the many point connect the ground:The ground line o四、多点接地：各系统的接地线f connecting of each system adopt many pointses short on-line connect th采用多点短连线的接地方式，称作多点接地。e local type, and call to much order to connect the ground. Five mix with to connect the ground: Metals
40、 line that so- called admixture con五、 混合接地：所谓混合接地是在一部设备内的各电路板以最短的nect the ground to is at an each circuit board in equipments to connect, or导线与机壳 连接，related and a few equipmentses of signal electric circuits, with the most s或者信号电路相关的几部设备，以最短的导线与hort line with the same of metals to link to connect th
41、e ground with the m同一个金属体连接接地，ost short line and machine hull, then the equipments of many sets use resp然后多台 设备分别用金属线接到地网ectively the same point top to receive the ground net. Six, the wreath for的同一点上。六、 环形接地多用m connect the ground to much used for the ground net, be connect the gro于地网，就是把接地体沿und to
42、round along building surroundings a shut to match the wreath. like建筑物周围围成一个闭合环。this of connect the electric field that ground net can make the interface in这样 的接地网可以使到界面以内的电场分布比较均匀，cluding distribute even, reduce the stride electric voltage to bane person,减少跨步电压对人的危害，and also reduce the indoors while
43、 suffering strike by lightning, because o也减少室内 在受雷击时，由于地面f the ground electric potential the steps degree is big but produce the dang电位梯度大而产生对设备高压反击的危险。er to counter-attack to equipments high pressure. Seven, the foundation c七、 基础接地体：onnect the ground:Make use of the reinforcing bar in the building foundat利用建筑物基础内的钢筋，ion, and press norm the request the conjunction to create of connect the按规范 要求连接制作的接地体称为基础接地体。ground to call the foundation to connect the ground.