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1、Peking UniversityEnglish-Chinese SummerProgramSchool of Foreign LanguagesPeking UniversityPeking University An Introduction1 .北京大学简介：A Brief History 12 .燕园景观：Main Sights on Campus 33 .西门：The West Gate 34 . 办公楼： Un iver sit y Ad mi nist ratio n Bui l ding 45 .华表： The Ornamental Columns 56 .南北阁楼：The S
2、outh and North Pavilions 57 .未名湖与博雅塔：The Unnamed Lake & Boya Pagoda.68 .翻尾石鱼与石舫：Relics on the Lakeside 79 .临湖轩：Lin Hu Xuan (University Reception House) .810 .蔡元培雕像：Statue of Cai Yuanpei 811 .斯诺墓： Tomb of Edgar Snow 912 .赛克勒考古博物馆：Arthur M. Sackler M useum ofArt and Archaeology 1013 .图书馆：Peking Univer
3、sity Library 1214 .百年纪念讲堂：Centennial Commemorative H al l1 3-可编辑修改-1 .北京大学简介Peking University： A Brief HistoryPeking University was founded in 1898, and had as its first English name the Imperial University of Peking. It was the first national comprehensive university and the highest administrative
4、organ for education in China. The establishmentof this University marked the beginning of Chinas modern history of higher education. It was in 1912, after theRevolution of 1911, that the University adopted its present name. In 1917, when Mr. Cai Yuanpei, an outstanding scholar and educator, was appo
5、inted President of Peking University, he succeeded in transforming the University from an imperial school into a modern university. Peking University also became the center of the Chinese New-Culture Movement and the earliest base for the spread of Marxism in China. By 1919, Peking University had de
6、velopedinto Chinas largest institution of higher learning, with 14 departmentsand more than 2,000 students. Since then Peking University has remained for many decadesthe center of modern culture and democracy in China.During the War of Resistance against Japanese invasion in the 1930s, Peking Univer
7、sity moved to Kunming, in Yunnan Province in the southwest, and formed the National Southwestern Associated University together withTsinghua University and Nankai University. In 1946, after the victory of the anti-Japanese WarPeking University moved back to Beijing. At that time Peking University wa
8、s composed of six schools (Arts, Science, Law, Medicine, Engineering, and Agriculture), and a research institute for Humanities. The total enrollment of students had grown to 3,000.After the founding of the Peoples Republic of China in 1949, the Central Government carried out a nationwide readjustme
9、nt of colleges and universities in 1952 in the hope that it could promote higher education and educate students in terms of specialized knowledge and skills by redistributing resources. After the readjustment, Peking University became a university with departments of both liberal arts and sciences.
10、By 1962, the total enrollment had risen to 10,671 undergraduate students and 280 graduatestudents.It was in that year that Peking University moved to its present campus, which had been the campus of Yenching University.Since the late 1970s Peking University has been in a process of unprecedenteddeve
11、lopmentin both size and quality. In 2000, the former Beijing Medical University was incorporated into Peking University, which is now a fully comprehensiveuniversity with multiple disciplines,includingNatural Sciences, Humanities, Social Sciences, Management Sciences, Medical Science, and Engineerin
12、g. To students from home and abroa it offers a large range of undergraduate programs, Masters programs, and Ph. D. programs. The University consists of 30 schools and 12 departments, with 93 disciplines for undergraduates,two disciplines for the secondBachelors degree, 199 disciplines for Master can
13、didates, and 173 disciplines for Doctoral candidates.Additionally, it has 216 researchinstitutes and research centers,including two national engineeringresearch centers, 81 national key disciplines, and 12 national key laboratories. The current President of Peking University is Professor Xu Zhihong,
14、 a well-respected biologist and academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences.Peking University lays emphasis on both teaching and scientific research. Great efforts have been made to reform in all possible ways and improve the quality of undergraduate and graduate education, and maintain the role
15、of the University as a leading research institution. Named after Cai Yuanpei, a special program was initiated in 2001 as part of the undergraduate teaching reform. The program is characterized by a focus on general education, which goes through the first two undergraduate years and is followed by mo
16、re specializededucation in the other two years. The objective is to strengthen the training in basic abilities before students devote themselves to a specialized field.Peking University has also connected itself to the global academic community. It has established partnership with about 200 universi
17、ties from over 44 countries and regions and thus cultivated a worldwide network for academicexchangeand cooperation. Each year Peking University invites over 300 foreign experts for teaching and researchand hosts around 400 international conferences. Meanwhile, Peking University faculty and students
18、 make over 5,000 overseas visits for advanced research and training or academicconferences.The number of international students at Peking University is more than 3000, who come from dozens of courtiers and regions.2 . 燕园景观 Main Sights on CampusThe campus of Peking University, which is known as “Yany
19、uan” (or Yan Guarden), is situatedin the Haidian District on the west outskirts of Beijing. It is near the famous Summer Palaceand Yuanming Garden (the Ruined Winter Palace). As part of the former royal garden before the twentieth century, Peking University is home to many superior examples of Chine
20、se architecture and relics from the Qing Dynasty.3.西门The West GateAs the main entranceof Peking University, the West Gate is about eight meters high and faces to the west. Its architecture is unique in a traditional style, with beautiful beams, colorfully painted rafters, and a pair of marble lions
21、standing on both sides in front of the gate. The gate resembles the Eastern Gate of the Summer Palace. With its traditional and national style, the gate is distinctive. Over the gateway hangs the calligraphy of Peking University by the late Chairman Mao Zedong. During holidays, the West Gate is cust
22、omarily decorated with bright-colored flowers and neon lights.The West Gate is also one of the starting points for visitors to enjoy the beautiful sceneryof the campus.Inside the Gate, the Alumni Bridge immediately comes into view. The Bridge spans across a small pool. Standing on this stone bridge
23、and looking down, visitors may see goldfish.Visitors can also see thelawns, a pair of ornamental columns as the cultural relic, the old tall trees, and traditional architecture.The image of West Gate represents Peking University in many ways. Thus many students of Peking University have their pictur
24、e taken there as part of their commencement. Visitors also favor the gate as an image of Peking University.4.办公楼University Administration BuildingBuilt up in 1926, the University Administration Building was originally named Shide Building, or Bashford Hall, in memory of James White Bashford, the sec
25、ond president of HuiwenSchool, which later developed into Yenching University. It became the Peking University Administration Building in 1952, when Yenching University was incorporated into Peking University. Its architecture is -可编辑修改-traditional and grand, with the symmetrical sides that make the
26、 middle part of the building stand out, gray roof, red pillars, white walls, and the vivid paintings on the beams.It looks like a grand hall in an imperial palacein ancient China and presents such a magnificent manner that it marks itself out of the architecture around it. The auditorium on the seco
27、nd floor is the site of many important events in the past and present, including the patriotic students movements in the early decadesof the twentieth century, and visits and speeches by world figures such as the former U.S. President Bill Clinton.5.华表The Ornamental ColumnsTo the west of the Peking
28、University Administration Building stand the pair of Ornamental Columns with carved dragons. It is said that the Ornamental Columns were made in the Ruined Winter Palace in 1742, at the height of the Qing Dynasty. Made of white marble, the two columns have a total height of 8 meters with an octagona
29、l pedestal of 1.24 meters. The columns are an embodiment of the traditional Chinese culture.6.南北阁The South and North PavilionsThe South and North Pavilions are twin square-shapedtraditional buildings. Legend holds that during his days in Beijing as President of Yenching University, John LeightonStua
30、rt missed his two daughters so much that he had the two pavilions built to express his love for his children. The South Pavilion was originally called “Gande Building”, serving as the residenceof women students, while theNorth Pavilion was originally called“Defeng Building”, serving as the place for
31、 music teachingand students activities. They were named after Dr. S. Luella Miner, former President of North China Union Womens University, which later became the Department of Womens Affairs at Yenching University. Dr. Miner was appointed the first chair of the Department. In honor of her notable c
32、ontribution, the two beautiful pavilions were then named “Gande” and “Defeng”. Later, as proposed by Qian Mu, a well-known scholar of Chinese history and culture, the South and North Pavilion were so renamed.In 1983, as a donation from Peking University alumni, an exquisite small garden was built on
33、 the east side of the two Pavilions. Since the late 1980s the garden has been the venue of the English Corner of Peking University students, where students meet on weekly basis.7 . 未名湖与博雅塔The Unnamed Lake and Boya PagodaThe “Unnamed” Lake and the Bo Ya Pagoda are located in the northern part of the
34、University campus. The artificial lake has a history of over 200 years.It was first constructed during the Qing Dynasty and was renovated in the early years of the Republic of China. When the lake was to be renamed in the early days of the twentieth century, no agreement could be reached. Then it wa
35、s proposed to call it the“Unnamed” lake because in Chinese, “name” has the similar meaning to “fame”, but a true scholar should pursue knowledge and truth instead of fame or wealth. This name of the Lake is consonant with the cultural spirit of Peking University and thus the Lake has become a symbol
36、 of Peking University as well as the best known feature of the campus scenery.-可编辑修改-The beauty and spirit of the Unnamed Lake is complemented by the pagoda at its east side. The Boya Pagoda was built in 1924 and was used as a water tower. The Pagoda is 37 meters high with 13 stories. Like the Unnam
37、ed Lake, the name of the Pagodareflects the values of Peking University. Bo“ means erudition, while Ya“ stands for elegance.8 .翻尾石鱼与石舫Relics on the LakesideIn the middle of the Unnamed Lake is the Marble Fish with a curled-up tail. It is the relic of the Royal Garden of Perfection and Brightness. Af
38、ter the burning of the garden in the nineteenth century, the Marble Fish was stolen. Later, some Yenching University graduates happened to find this precious relic and presented it to their Alma Mater. Ever since then the Marble Fish settled down there and so remains.During the Cultural Revolution f
39、rom 1966 to 1976, the Marble Fish was pushed down to the bottom of the lake. It was not until several years later that the Marble Fish was pulled out and returned to its home on the bank of the lake. It is a work of art but also an eyewitness of history.The Marble Boat, situated on the easternside o
40、f the island in the Unnamed Lake, was built in 1784 and is popularly called the “Untied Boat. The Marble Boat is similar to the bigger marble boat at the Summer Palace. The latter is a two-storey marble boat with traditional,colorfully-carved columns, standing elegantly on the Kunming Lake. Many gra
41、nd royal parties were held in the Marble Boat. Attracted by the marvelous structure of the Marble Boat at the Summer Palace, He Shen, a high-ranking eunuch in charge of the Unnamed Lake, decided to make a similar boat in the Lake as part of his private garden. Thus the Marble Boat came into being on
42、 the side of the Unnamed Lake, which was almost the size and grandeur of the Marble Boat at the Summer Palace, in spite of the rule that none but the royal monarch could have such a marble boat.9.临湖轩Lin Hu Xuan (University Reception House)-可编辑修改-Located on the hill of the western side of the Unnamed
43、 Lake, Lin Hu Xuan, or the Lakeside House, is a tranquil courtyard surrounded by perennial bamboos. It is the oldest standing building on the campus. In the 1920s it was the residence of John Leighton Stuart, President of Yenching University. John Leighton Stuart took the office at Yenching Universi
44、ty in 1916. Thanks to his leadership, the educational system, the campus construction and international connections of Yenching University were greatly improved. In 1928, Yenching University was ranked a first-class university in Asia by the University of California. In 1930, John Leighton Stuart wa
45、s awarded a doctoral degree in literature by Princeton University for his contribution to the growth of Yenching University. In 1931, Bing Xin, a professor of Chinese literature and a well-established woman writer, renamed it as it is. The beauty of the Unnamed Lake and the architectural elegance of
46、 the Lakeside House are highlights of the campus scenery. Today, the Lakeside House is the University Reception House, where University leaders meet important visitors.10 .蔡元培雕像Statue of Cai YuanpeiThe Statue of Mr. Cai Yuanpei, former President of Peking University in the 1930s, is located in front
47、 of the Bell Pavilion. Born in the culturally developed Zhejiang Province, Mr. Cai Yuanpei received an excellent education in China and then went to Japan and France for further studies. He was a revolutionary thinker, an active reformer, and education leader. His patriotism and progressive thought
48、found expression when he organized the RecoveryUnion and then joined the United Leagueof China. As an educator, he set up various schools and organizations to spread new ideas and promote educationalreforms. After the 1911 Revolution, he took up the post as Educational Chief in the Provincial Govern
49、ment of Nanjing.From 1916 to 1927, Mr. Cai was President of Peking University. His leadership in that post opened a new stage in the history of the University. In the face of strong resistance, he put many effective reforms into practice, such as dismissing unqualified teachers and offering important posts to highly qual