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1、书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟。祝愿天下莘莘学子：学业有成，金榜题名！语言类考试复习资料大全大学英语四级分类模拟题455大学英语四级分类模拟题455Translation问题:1. 数字文化 吉利数字(auspicious number)在中国文化一直起着重要的作用。不少人认为数字6、8、9吉利，因为它们跟一些具有积极含义的汉字发音相同或相近。如8与“发”的发音相似，象征着繁荣和财富；9与“久”发音一样，意为“长长久久”。因此，很多人在选择手机号码和车牌号码(license plate number)时会不惜花钱去选取这些数字。相反，没有人会选4，因为4与“死”发音一致，是不吉利数字(inau
2、spicious number)。 答案:Auspicious numbers have long played an important part in Chinese culture. Many people consider numbers six, eight and nine as the auspicious ones because they have the same or similar sounds to the Chinese characters of positive meanings. For example, the pronunciation of the nu
3、mber eight is similar to the character fa symbolizing prosperity and wealth. The number nine has the same pronunciation with the character jiu which means long lasting. Therefore, many people are willing to pay out for these numbers to be included in their phone numbers and license plate numbers. On
4、 the contrary, no one will choose the number 4 because it bears the same pronunciation with the character si (die) and is considered to be inauspicious number.解析 1第2句中的“认为数字6、8、9吉利”可采用结构consider sth. +a. 或consider sth. as sth. 来表达。定语“具有积极含义的”较长，故将其处理成后置定语，用介词短语of positive meanings来表达。 2第3句中的“如8与发的发音
5、相似”英译时，按照英语表达习惯，要在“8”前面补上表其性质的词，故增译number。“象征着繁荣和财富”是“发”的含义，故可将其处理为定语修饰“发”，因此用现在分词短语symbolizing prosperity and wealth作后置定语来表达，也可用定语从句which symbolizes prosperity and wealth表达。 3第4句中的“很多人在选择手机号码时”，根据英语表达习惯，宜在“手机号码”前增译一个物主代词their，译为their phone numbers。“不惜花钱”意即“舍得花一大笔钱”，可用pay out表达。“去选取这些数字”，即让这些数字包括于手机
6、号码和车牌号码中，故“不惜花钱去选取这些数字”译为Pay out for these numbers to be included in.。 4最后一句“因为4与死发音一致，是不吉利的数字”可用并列结构译出，表达为it bears the same pronunciation.and is considered to be.。“是不吉利的数字”不应简单地译为is inauspicious number，而应译为is considered to be inauspicious number，这样才能表达出“人为赋予数字含义”的意思。 问题:2. 儒家思想(Confucianism)是中国传统文化
7、的主要思想。它是孔子创立的集道德；社会、政治、教育、哲学、宗教等为一体的学说体系。四书五经是儒家思想的经典书籍，充分记录了儒家思想“仁”、“义”、“礼”等精髓。儒家思想对中国的政治、经济、文化等社会的各个方面都有着深远的影响。同时，它还传播到世界其他各国和地区，对当地的文化产生了巨大影响。答案:Confucianism is the main thought of Chinese traditional culture. It is a theory system created by Confucius integrating morality, society, politics, edu
8、cation, philosophy and religion. The Four Books and Five Classics are the classical books of Confucianism, fully recording Confucian essence such as mercy, justice and courtesy. Confucianism has profound influences on all the Chinese social aspects such as politics, economy and culture. Meanwhile, i
9、t also spreads to other countries and areas in the world, exerting great influence on their native cultures.问题:3. 中国灯笼 灯笼(lantern)是中国传统的手工艺工(handicraft)，是中国的象征。它源于汉代(the Han Dynasty)，在唐宋时期(the Tang and Song Dynasties)最为繁盛。起初，人们在门口悬挂灯笼只是用来辟邪。后来在节假日时也悬挂灯笼以增添喜庆的气氛。灯笼的样式很多，除了圆形和方形外，还有花、鸟、鱼的形状，通常以纸和丝绸为主要
10、制作原料。每年的元宵节(the Lantern Festival)，全国各地的人们制作出漂亮的灯笼来欢庆节日。 答案:Lantern, a symbol of China, is a Chinese traditional handicraft. It came in to being in the Han Dynasty, and its popularity peaked in the Tang and Song Dynasties. Originally, people hang the lanterns in front of their doors only to drive awa
11、y evil spirits. Later, lanterns are also hung on holidays and festivals to add joyous atmosphere. The designs of lanterns are various. Apart from round and square, the lanterns can be shaped into flowers, birds, and fish, and they are mainly made of paper and silk. On Lantern Festivals, people all o
12、ver the country make beautiful lanterns to celebrate the festival.解析 1第1句中的“是中国的象征”可处理为“灯笼”的同位语，以插入语的形式译出，表达为Lantern, a symbol of China, is a Chinese.，使译文的逻辑性更强。 2第2句“它源于汉代，在唐宋时期最为繁盛”可译为and连接的并列句it came into being in.and peaked.。注意后半句的逻辑主语转译为“灯笼的受欢迎程度”(popularity)会更贴切，“程度”是范畴词，可省译。 3第5句有4个分句，各分句意思较独
13、立完整，故宜将其拆分翻译。第1个分句“灯笼的样式很多”总起，译为一句。第2、3个分句讲述灯笼的形状，为一个意群，第4个分句讲述原料，为另一个意群，这3个分句可合译为一句，用and连接。 4最后一句中的修饰“人们”的定语“全国各地的”可表达为all over the country。“来欢庆节日”表目的，故将其处理为目的状语，用不定式短语to celebrate the festival来表达。 问题:4. 龙对于中国人而言是一个熟悉的动物，但没有人曾经见过真实的龙。提到“龙”这个字，中国人无疑会想到一个巨大的动物，拥有牛头、鹿角、虾眼、鹰爪、蛇身、狮尾，通身被鱼鳞(fish scales)覆盖
14、。在中国传统中，12个动物：鼠、牛、虎、兔、龙、蛇、马、羊、猴、鸡、狗、猪，用于代表人们出生的一个12年的周期。龙是其中唯一的一种想象中的动物。答案:The dragon is a familiar animal to the Chinese people, but nobody has ever seen a real one. At the mention of the word dragon, the Chinese people will definitely think of a gigantic animal with the head of an ox, the horns of
15、 a deer, the eyes of a shrimp, the claws of a hawk, the body of a snake, the tail of a lion and the body covered by fish scales. In Chinese tradition, 12 animalsrat, buffalo, tiger, rabbit, dragon, snake, horse, goat, monkey, chicken, dog and pigare used to represent a cycle of 12 years, in which a
16、person is born. The dragon is the only animal which is imaginary.问题:5. 功夫 “功夫(Kungfu)”是对中国武术(martial art)的通俗叫法。中国功夫不是单纯的拳脚格斗，而是中华民族传统文化的体现，是独一无二的“武文化”。中国功夫因其悠久的历史、丰富的内涵(connotation)以及浓厚的神秘色彩而越来越为中外所瞩目。中国功夫在世界上的影响日渐广泛，不仅出现了大量中国功夫题材的中外影视作品，更有越来越多的外国人开始喜爱并学习中国功夫。 答案:Kungfu Kungfu is a common name for C
17、hinese martial art. While Kungfu does not simply refer to fighting using hands and feet, it is the embodiment of the Chinese traditonal culture and the unique martial art culture. Kungfu is drawing more and more attention at home and abroad for its long history, rich connotation and deep mysterious
18、color. Kungfus influence in the world is increasingly widespread. There are a large number of Chinese and foreign films on the theme of Kungfu, and more and more foreigners begin to love and learn Kungfu. 问题:6. 算盘 算盘(abacus)是一种手动操作计算辅助工具形式。它起源于中国，迄今已有2600多年的历史，是中国古代的一项重要发明。在阿拉伯数字(Arabic numerals)出现前
19、，算盘是世界广为使用的计算工具。现在，算盘在亚洲和中东的部分地区继续使用，尤其见于商店之中，可以从供应中国商品和日本商品的商店里买到。在西方，它有时被用来帮助小孩子们理解数字，而一些数学家喜欢体验一下使用算盘计算出简单算术(arithmetical)问题的感觉。 答案:The Abacus An abacus is a form of manually operated counting aid. It has originated in China over 2,600 years ago. It is one of the most important inventions of anci
20、ent China. The abacus used to be the most widely used calculation tool before the appearance of Arabic numerals. At present, abacuses continue to be used in parts of Asia and the Middle East, especially in the shops, and they are available in stores which stock Chinese or Japanese goods. In the West
21、, it is sometimes used to help young children grasp numbers, and some mathematicians enjoy experimenting with the abacus to work out simple arithmetical problems. 问题:7. 中国长城是中国古代为抵御敌人的侵袭而修筑的伟大工程。它位于中国北部，全长约8851.8公里。它始建于2000多年前的春秋时期(the Spring and Autumn Period)，秦始皇统一中国之后联成万里长城。汉、明两代(the Han and Ming
22、 Dynasties)又曾大规模修筑，因此它是世界上修建时间最长的一项古代工程。长城是人类文明史上最伟大的建筑工程之一，被列为世界八大奇迹之一和世界文化遗产(heritage)。答案:The Great Wall of China is a great project in ancient China constructed to defend against the attacks of enemies. It locates in the northern part of China and stretches for 8,851.8 kilometers. First built in
23、the Spring and Autumn Period over 2,000 years ago, it was united to become the the Wall of 10,000 li after Qin Shi Huang unified China. The Han and Ming Dynasties saw extensive rebuildings and maintenance of the Great Wall. Thus it is an ancient project which consumed the longest time in the world.
24、As one of the greatest constructions in the history of human civilization, the Great Wall has been listed as one of the Eight Wonders of the World and a world cultural heritage site.解析1第1句的主干为“长城是伟大工程”；“为抵御而修筑的”可译为过去分词短语constructed，作后置定语修饰“工程”：“为抵御”表目的，故用动词不定式to defend against来表达。 2第2句有两个短句，分别讲述两个不同
25、信息，有多种译法。如：译成两个并列的谓语，用and连接，“全长”可用动词短语stretch for来表达：或将第1个分句译成主句，“全长”处理成介词短语with a total length of。 3“始建于”可译为被动语态be first built in；“联成万里长城”也可译为被动语态be united to。 4“汉、明两代又曾大规模修筑”可考虑用“时间名词+see”结构(意即某个时间发生了什么事)来表达，也可直接简单译作被动语态it was rebuilt massively in；“世界上修建时间最长的”则可译为由which引导的定语从句，或简单地用the most time-c
26、onsuming来表达。 5在最后一句中，可将前半句用介词As“作为”引出，后半句译为主句。 问题:8. 随着环境保护意识的日渐增长，“低碳”(low-carbon)这个词变得非常时尚。在许多领域都出现了这个词，如低碳产品、低碳消费、低碳旅游等。于是，“低碳生活”成为了一种新型的生活方式，旨在尽量减少生活中的二氧化碳排放(carbon dioxide emission)。例如，一些上班族不再以开私家车通勤而自豪，而是骑车或乘坐公共交通工具，并视之为时尚的生活方式。此外，他们还提倡水和其他自然能源的循环利用，并尽可能地做节约能源、有利于环保的事情，希望能够让人类生活的地球更加美丽和舒适。答案:A
27、s the consciousness of environmental protection spreads over, the word low-carbon has been very fashionable. It can be found in many aspects, such as low-carbon products, low-carbon consumption, low-carbon trips and so on. Therefore, Low-carbon life has become a new pattern of lifestyle, aiming to l
28、ower the carbon dioxide emission in living as much as possible. For example, some office commuters are not proud of driving private cars any more, but view cycling or going out by means of public transportation as a fashionable lifestyle. In addition, they advocate recycling water and other natural
29、resources, and act as much environment-friendly and energy-saving as they can, wishing to make the earth where human being lives more beautiful and enjoyable.问题:9. 十二生肖 十二生肖(the twelve Chinese Zodiacs)是中国传统文化的重要组成部分，它们源于自然界的11种动物和一个民族图腾(totem)。十二生肖代表动物的性格特点各不相同。到了龙年或虎年，人们常说“生龙活虎”；马年人们会说“马到成功”；猪在中国人的
30、眼里是“宝”的意思；牛是勤劳(diligence)的象征，这一点在鲁迅的诗句“俯首甘为孺子牛”中有着完美的体现。 答案:The Twelve Chinese Zodiacs The twelve Chinese Zodiacs, including eleven animals in the nature and a national totem, play an important role in the Chinese traditional culture. The twelve symbolic animals have their own characteristics. In th
31、e Year of Dragon or the Year of Tiger, people will say shenglonghuohufull of vim and vigor; in the Year of Horse, people will say madaochenggongto gain an immediate success. In Chinese eyes, pig is a treasure. Ox is a symbol of diligence, which is well presented in the verse by Lu Xunan outstanding
32、writer in China, head bowed, like a willing ox I serve the children. 问题:10. 逆境(adversity)就是人在生活中遇到的困难和遭受的挫折(setback)。人生在世，每个人都会遇到逆境，它在人们的成长和成熟的过程中起着重要作用。人们看待它的态度决定了它对人们的影响。用积极的态度看待逆境，我们的性格会变得成熟。因此逆境其实是一种挑战和考验，它能使人的潜力发挥到极致。它能帮人驱走惰性，在与困难进行的搏斗中完善自己，这就是逆境的意义所在!答案:Adversity refers to the difficulties and
33、 setbacks confronted by people in life. Adversity exists in everyones life. It plays an important role in the process of peoples growth and maturity. Peoples attitude towards adversity determines its influence on them. Adopting a positive attitude towards adversity will maturize our personality. The
34、refore, adversity is actually a challenge and trial, which can bring ones potential into full play. It can help drive away ones laziness and perfect oneself in the fight against difficulties. That is the significance of adversity.解析 1在人们的成长和成熟的过程中起着重要的作用：翻译为It plays an important role in the process
35、of peoples growth and maturity. 其中plays an important role in为常用短语，意为“在中起重要作用”，“成长和成 熟的过程中”直接翻译为the process of peoples growth and maturity。 2用积极的态度看待逆境：译为adopting positive attitude towards adversity, 其中动词adopt表示“采用” “看待”towards表达即可。 3使人的潜力发挥到极致：译为bring ones potential into full play，这是一个惯用表达。 4驱走惰性：译为
36、drive away ones laziness。其中“驱走”用动词短语drive away表达。 5与困难进行的搏斗：译为fight against difficulties，其中fight against意为“与对抗” 问题:11. 每年的10月1日是中国的国庆节(National Day)。“国庆”一词，本指国家喜庆之时，最早出现在西晋。今天称国家建立的纪念日为“国庆”。1949年新中国的建立实现了中华民族的独立和解放，于是新中国宣告成立的日子被定(designate)为国庆节。国庆的庆祝形式多种多样，主要包括大型庆典、阅兵和群众游行等。我们通过这些活动来表达对祖国的热爱。答案:Octo
37、ber 1st of every year is the National Day of China. The words national day originally referred to the festive time of a country and it first appeared in the Xijin Dynasty. Today the anniversary of a countrys foundation is called national day. The establishment of the new China in 1949 realized the i
38、ndependence and liberation of the Chinese nation, and thus the day on which the new China declared its foundation was designated as the National Day. The celebrations are various, mainly including the grand celebration ceremonies, the review of troops and civilian parades. We express our love for ou
39、r motherland by these activities.问题:12. 由于中国北方重度雾霾(heavy smog)持续不散，公众越发关注空气污染问题。一些网民(netizen)甚至对污染的程度表达了愤怒情绪。治理空气污染迫在眉睫。中国多个城市实行汽车限购，希望此举一方面能缓解交通拥堵，一方面能控制空气污染。中国政府准备推出一个长期计划来控制导致严重污染的行业。政府也将额外支出50亿元人民币来改善北方地区的空气质量。答案:Since heavy smog stays continually in northern China, the public is increasingly co
40、ncerned about air pollution. Some netizens even express their anger over the pollution levels. Its extremely urgent to control air pollution. Many Chinese cities have imposed limits on car purchases, hoping to ease the traffic jam, and meanwhile control air pollution. The Chinese government is launching a long-term plan to control industries which cause heavy pollution. It is also spending an additional five billion yuan on the improvement of air quality in the northern region. 13 / 13