八年级下语法复习1.doc

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1、八年级下语法复习1一一般将来时表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态。1.一般将来时的几种表达方式：be doingbe going to dowill/shall do（will 用于一二三人称，shall 用于第一人称）一般情况下，它们可通用，但仍有一些细微的区别。表示位置移动的词（如：come,go ,leave,star,，begin,move, return ,arrive等）常用be doing 来表达一般将来时。如：The bus is coming at once. 汽车马上就要来了。 (2) 指人的意图打算，事先有过考虑时，常用be going to do 来表达一般将来时。例如：

2、Im going to be a policewoman when I grow up.我长大后，打算当警察。（3）单纯表达将来事实的，常用will/shall +do 来表达一般将来时。如： The radio says it will rain tomorrow.收音机预报说明天将要下雨。（4）.在有条件从句的主句中，一般不用 be going to, 而多用will, （主将从现）如：If he comes, Ill go shopping with him.2.There be 句型的将来时;There is /are going to beThere will beEg. There

3、 _ an exam tomorrow.A. is going to have B. is going to be C. have D. areJJJJ一般将来时常见的标志词JJJJ1.含tomorrow; next短语； I will go to Beijing tomorrow. She will arrive here next Sunday.2.in+段时间 ； Everything will be free in 100 years.3.how soon； How soon will people fly to the moon.4.祈使句句型中：or/and sb. will do

4、 例Be quick, or you will be late=If you dont be quick, you will be late5. 在英语中，由when,until,as soon as,before,after等引导的时间状语从句和if，引导的条件状语从句，当主句是一般将来时时，从句用一般现在时。(主将从现)Eg.If it doesnt rain tomorrow, I will go shopping with you. I will let you know when he comes back.注意：if 如果 （从句用一般时表将来时） He will go fishi

5、ng if it doesnt rain tomorrow. if 是否 （从句用将来时表将来） I dont know if he will come tomorrow.When 当时候（从句用一般时表将来） 二过去进行时（Past Progressive Tense）句型 S + was/were +V-ing概念：过去进行时表示在过去的某一时刻或一段时间正在进行的动作。用法：与过去的某一特定时间状语连用 at 4:00 yesterday,at this time last Sunday, at that time, when/ while 引导的时间状语从句。在过去的某一时刻。例如：W

6、e were having supper at 6:30 yesterday evening.when引导的时间状语从句。例如：When I went downstairs, they were watching TV.while引导的带延续动词的时间状语从句，例如：While the alien was visiting the museum, the boy called the TV station.when 和while 的区别高分突破：过去进行时与一般过去时用法比较：两个时态都是过去的时态，其区别是：过去进行时表示动作的持续性，不一定完成。一般过去时表示过去发生了某事的事实，往往表示

7、动本单元语法讲解三直接引语和间接引语（一）直接引述别人的原话，叫做直接引语；用自己话转述别人的话，叫做间接引语。间接引语一般构成宾语从句。 1. 时态的变化：直接引语变为间接引语时，通常受转述动词said，asked等的影响而使用过去化的时态，即把原来的时态向过去推，也就是一般现在时变一般过去时，现在进行时变为过去进行时等。 例如： Tom said to me,“My brother is doing his homework.” Tom said to me that his brother was doing his homework. 2. 人称代词、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等等的

8、变化；根据意义进行相应的变化。 如：She asked Jack,“Where have you been?” She asked Jack where he had been. He said,“These books are mine.” He said that those books were his. （二）直接引语改为间接引语时，都使用陈述语序，但是因为原句的句式不同，所以变成间接引语时所用的连词会有所不同。 1.陈述句的间接引语：陈述句由直接引语变间接引语，由that引导，可以省略。 “I want the blue one.” he told us. “我想要兰色的。” 他说。

9、 He told us that he wanted the blue one.他说他想要兰色的。 She said to me, “You cant do anything now.” 她对我说：“此刻你无法做任何事情。”She told me that I couldnt do anything then.她对我说那时我无法做任何事。 2. 疑问句的间接引语直接引语如果是疑问句，变成间接引语后，叫做间接疑问句。间接疑问句为陈述语序，句末用句号，动词时态等的变化与间接陈述句相同。引述动词常用ask, wonder, want to know等间接疑问句一般有三种： (1)一般疑问句由直接引语

10、变为间接引语时， 由whether或if 引导。 如：“Can you tell me the way to the hospital?” The old man asked. 那个老人问：“你能告诉我去医院的路吗？ The old man asked whether I could tell him the way to the hospital. 那老人问我是否能告诉他去医院路。 (2). 特殊疑问句由直接引语变为间接引语时，仍由原来的疑问词引导。 如：“What do you think of the film?” She asked. 她问“你怎么看这部电影？” She asked h

11、er friend what she thought of the film.她问她朋友怎么看这部电影。 (3). 选择疑问句由直接引语变为间接引语时，由whether/if or引导。 如： “Is it your bike or Toms? Mum asked.妈妈问：“这是你的自行车还是汤姆的？” Mum asked whether/if it was my bike or Toms.妈妈问这是我的自行车还是汤姆的。 3. 祈使句的间接引语当祈使句变为间接引语时，间接祈使句的引述动词常用tell，ask， r等，而把直接祈使句变成带to的不定式短语。 如：Jack said, “Plea

12、se come to my house tomorrow, Mary.”杰克说：“玛丽，明天请到我家来。”Jack asked Mary to go to his house the next day.杰克请玛丽第二天到他家去。 The teacher said to the students, ”Stop talking.”老师对学生们说：“不要讲话了。”The teacher told the students to stop talking.老师让学生们不要说话了。 4. 动词时态和代词等的变动 (1). 某些代词，限定词，表示时间或地点的副词和个别动词在间接引语中的变化规则：直接引语

13、间接引语today that daynow then, at that momentyesterday the day beforethe day before yesterday two days beforetomorrow the next day / the following daythe day after tomorrow two days after, / in two daysnext week/ month etc the next week/month etclast week/ month etc the week / month etc. beforehere the

14、rethis thatthesethosecome gobringtake (2).变化情况如下： 现在时间推移到过去的时间(注意:如果直接引语是表示客观规律的,那么时态仍然用一般现在时一般现在时 一般过去时； 现在进行时 过去进行时； 一般将来时过去将来时 现在完成时过去完成时；过去完成时 过去完成时直接引语变间接引语专练题（二）.单项选择1. He asked _ for the computer. A. did I pay how much B. I paid how much C. how much did I pay D. how much I paid3. “Please clos

15、e the window,” he said to me. He _ me _ the window. A. said to; to close B. told to; closing C. asked to close D. said to; please close4. “I am a teacher,” Jack said. He said _. A. that I am a teacher B. I was a teacher C. that he is a teacher D. he was a teacher5. He said, “Mother, the boy is very

16、naughty.” He _- very naughty. A. said his mother that the boy was B. said to his mother that the boy is C. told his mother that the boy was D. spoke to his mother that the boy was7. He asked , “ Are you a Party member or a League member?” He asked me _. A. am I a Party member or a League member B. w

17、as I a Party member or a League member C. if I was a Party member or a League member D. whether was I a Party member or a League member.8. He asked, “How are you getting along?” He asked _. A. how am I getting along B. how are you getting along C. how I was getting along D. how was I getting along9.

18、 He asked me _ with me.A. what the matter is B. what the mater wasC. whats the matter D. what was the matter10. He said, “Dont do that again.” He _ me _ that again. A. said to me; not to do B. said to me; dont do C. told me; dont do D. told me; not to do11. He asked me _. A. if she will come B. how

19、many books I want to have C. they would help me to do it D. how it happened 。 直接引语变间接引语1 She asked me, “Is this book yours or his?”4She said, “He will be busy.” 5She said to Tom, “Can you help me?” 6The teacher said, “The earth goes round the sun.”7My father said, “Practice makes perfect.”I. 单项选择。(

20、)1. Ted is standing _ the classroom, cleaning the blackboard.A. in front of B. in the front of C. at the back of D. at back of( )2. I saw Mike _ into the room just now.A. go B. goes C. went D. going( )3. The match has a _ result.A. surprised B. surprising C. surprise D. surprises( )4. Get out, or Il

21、l _.A. call the police B. call police C. call policeman D. call policemen( )5. His mother was badly ill and was _.A. in the hospital B. in hospital C. at home D. at work( )6. _ the coat, its very cold outside.A. Wear B. Dress up C.Dress D. Put on( )7. She shouted _ him because he was far away.A. at

22、B. to C. around D. round( )8. She _ when I came in.A. wrote B. writes C. is writing D. was writing( )9. Mother was cooking _ Father was watching TV.A. when B. while C. as D. as soon as( )10. -Where is Miss Wang? -She went to Hainan Island last week and will return_six days.A. ago B. later C. behind

23、D. in( )11. -How many birds can you see in the trees? -I can see _birds in them.A. hundreds of B. five hundreds C. hundred of D. five hundreds of( )12. -Will there be more people in 100 years, do you think? - _ , I hope.A. No, there isn t B. No, there aren t C. No, there won t D. No, they won t.( )1

24、3. If there are _ trees, the air in our city will be _ cleaner.A. less; more B. more; more C. more; much D. much; more( )14. It _ that everyone _to laugh. A. seems; loves B. seem; love C. seems; love D. seem; loves( )15. Japanese companies have already made robots_ .A. to walk and dance B. walking a

25、nd dancing C. walk and dance D. walked and danced( ) 16. My friends told me _ some policemen in the room just now.A. they saw B. they have seen C. to see D. they seeing( )17. The physics teacher told us light _ much faster than sound.A. traveled B. travel C. was traveling D. travels( )18. We find it

26、 _ to do some reading every day.A. be enjoyable B. easily C. helpful D. interested( )19.I _ my bag in my classroom yesterday.A. forget B. forgot C. left D. will leave( )20. What did Gina say? -She said she _ a surprise party for her mother.A. has B. will have C. is having D. was having( )21.These th

27、ings are very dirty. Please take _.A. it away B. away it C. them away D. away them( )22. Jack _ draw a nice horse when he grows up.A. could B. is able to C. will can D. will be able to ( )23.Half the class _ going to buy dictionaries.A. is B. was C. be D. are( )24. Youd better _ the uniform, or the

28、teacher wont let you _ into the classroom.A. to wear, to go B. wear, go C. to wear, go D. wear, to go( )25. Please bring your ID card. If you _ your ID card, you cant go to the party.A. have B. doesnt bring C. wont have D. dont have( )26. He will have a difficult time _ in the water if he cant swim.A. play B. to play C. playing D. plays