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1、高三英语一轮复习语法非谓语学案设计一轮复习 语法非谓语班级 姓名【学习目标】1 学生能说出非谓语的三种基本形式；2 学生能记住非谓语可充当的句子成分；3 学生能背诵常见非谓语动词的固定搭配考点； 4学生能在具体语境中正确使用非谓语动词。 【重点难点】重点：学生能在具体语境中正确使用非谓语动词。 难点：学生能在具体语境中正确使用非谓语动词。知识点一：非谓语动词作宾语1.下列动词一般用不定式作宾语小组.4. 下列动词或词组既可以跟动名词作宾语，也可以跟不定式作宾语，但意义上有区别，试分析 它们的区别之处。Remember/forget/regret/stop/try/mean/cant help5
2、. need, want,require 既可以用动名词也可以用动词不定式作宾语，表示“需要被”：(1) The window needs cleaning/to be cleaned.(1) The house wants painting/ to be painted.(1) Many machines require checking/to be checked.6.deserve, be worth, be worthy(of)既可以用动名词也可以用动词不定式作宾语，但用法不同。 (1) These papers deserve examining=These papers deser
3、ve to be examined.(2) The place is worth visiting=The place is worthy to be visited=The place is worthy of being visited.7.动词不定式在介词 but, other than 后面时，如果介词之前有行为动词 do 的某种形式，那么介 词后的不定式不带 to，否则就要带 to.(1) All I could do was go home.(2) We could do nothing but/other than wait.decide/determine/learn/want
4、/except/hope/wish (决心学会想希望) refuse/manage/care/pretend(拒绝设法愿假装)offer/promise/choose/plan(主动答应选计划)agree/ask/beg/help(同意请求帮一帮)2.下列动词或词组一般用动名词作宾语consider/suggest/advise/look forward to/excuse/pardon( 考虑建议盼原谅) admit/delay/put off/fance(承认推迟没得想)avoid/miss/keep/keep on/practice(避免错过继续练)deny/finish/enjoy/a
5、ppreciate(否认完成就欣赏)forbid/imagine/risk(禁止想象才冒险)cant help/mind/allow/permit/escape(不禁介意准逃亡)3.作介词的宾语(1) To 既可以作介词也可以作不定式符号，因此要牢记含介词 to 的常用短语： Be used to(习惯于) be accustomed to(习惯于) be opposed to(反对) Object to(反对) lead to(导致) be devoted to(献身于) Come close to(差不多) stick to (坚持) get down to(着手) Pay attenti
6、on to(注意) reduce sb/sth to(使沦为)(2) 可将介词 in 省略的短语，句型Spend.(in)doingHave trouble/difficulty/problem (in) doingHave a .time (in) doing(3) We had nothing to do but/other than wait.(4) We had no choice but to wait.8.不定式作动词(词组)tell, show, understand,explain,teach,learn,advise, discuss,ask,decide, wonder,
7、find out,等的宾语时，前面常带引导词 how,what, whether, where,when,who 等，但 why 后加不带 to 的不定式。知识点二：非谓语动词作定语(一)不定式作定语1.当名词被序数词或 the only, the next, the last, the right 修饰，且该名词是作定语的非谓语动词 的执行者时，用不定式主动形式作定语。She was the first woman to win the gold medal in the Olympic Games.2.有些名词的同源动词常跟不定式作宾语，因此这些名词也常跟不定式作定语，常见的有 wish;
8、decision;refusal;intention;agreement;need;plan;promise;failure,attempt;offer;warning 等(1) I dont trust his promise to come for a visit(2) He promised to come for a visit.(1) He said he had no plans to go there.(2) He didnt plan to go there.(1) He made an attempt to stand up.(2) He attempted to stand
9、 up.3.有些名词的同源形容词常跟不定式作状语，因此这些名词也常跟不定式作定语，常见的有 ability;anxiety;eagerness;willingness;readiness;patience;obligation;determination 等(1) His eagerness to get back home was quite obvious.(2) He was eager to get back home.1 / 3高三英语一轮复习语法非谓语学案设计(1) A good teacher mush have the ability to make himself under
10、stood.(2) He is able to make himself understood.4.有些名词常用不定式作定语说明其内容，它们是:chance;opportunity;reason;way;effort;measure;movement;power;right;skill;strength;struggle;idea 等，不定式可以换成 of+doing(1) In our county, everyone has the right to go to school.(2) He has a strange way to make his classes lively and i
11、nteresting.(3) Thank you for giving me a chance to make the speech.5.中心词是作定语的不定式的执行者，动词不定式所表示的动作一般后于谓语动词或将发生。 (1)He had no photographs to remind him of the past.(2)We are in need of nurses to look after the patients.6.have sth to do 与 have sth to be done 的比较(1) I have a letter to be posted.（post 的实际
12、执行主语不是 I）(2) I have a letter to post.（post 的实际执行主语是 I）(二)分词作定语1.及物动词分词形式作定语(1) I have never seen a more moving movie.(2) The houses being built are for the teachers.(3) Things lost never come again.2.不及物动词分词形式作定语Boiling water 沸腾的水 boiled water 白开水 falling leaves 正在下落的树叶 fallen leaves 落叶 Developing c
13、ountries 发展中国家 developed countries 发达国家(三)to be done,being done 和 done 作定语的区别1. to be done,表被动，动作将要进行The question to be discussed at tomorrows meeting is very important.2.being done 表被动，动作正在进行Listen! The song being sung is very popular with the students.3.done,表被动，动作完成 Have you read the novel writte
14、n by Dickens?知识点三：非谓语动词作主语，表语(一)非谓语动词（不定式，动名词）作主语1.动名词作主语多指抽象的，概念性的动作，可以是多次的，经常性的行为；不定式作主语多 表示具体的动作，尤其是某一次的动作。(1)Playing with fire is dangerous. (2)To play with fire will be dangerous.2.下列句型中常用动名词作主语It is /was no use/good +doing sth It is/was not any use/good +doing sthIt is/was of little use/good+d
15、oing sth It is/was worth +doing sth3.下列句型中常用不定式作主语It takes sb some time to do sthIt +be+difficult/easy/important/impossible/necessary .for sb to do sthIt +be+careless/clever/foolish/honest/kind/lazy/silly/stupid/wise.of sb to do sth(二)非谓语动词（不定式，动名词，分词）作表语1.不定式，动名词作表语的区别不定式表示具体的动作，尤其是某一次的动作 Your task
16、 today is to wash the curtains.动名词多指抽象的，概念性的动作，可以是多次的，经常性的行为His favorite sport is swimming.2.现在分词，过去分词作表语的区别现在分词表特征，意为令人.的；The film is exciting.过去分词表状态，意为感到.的；He is excited at the news.3.非谓语动词作 remain 的表语：S he remained standing though we repeatedly asked her to sit down.T he true author of the book
17、remains unknown.Much remains to be done.知识点四：非谓语动词作状语（原则：逻辑主语要与句子的主语一致）(一)不定式作状语1. 不定式作目的状语 In order to make a study of kangaroos, he went to Australia.2. 不定式作结果状语 Jane hurried back only to find that her mother had left.（意料之外的结果） 3.不定式作原因状语 You will never know how happy I was to see her yesterday.(二
18、)分词作状语1.分词作状语时其形式的选择(1)doing,与句子主语为逻辑上的主动关系，与句子谓语动词动作同时发生，或基本上同时发生。 (2)having done，与句子主语为逻辑上的主动关系，先于谓语动词动作发生。(3) done,与句子主语为逻辑上的被动关系，表完成。(4) being done,与句子主语为逻辑上的被动关系，且与谓语动词动作同时发生。(5) having been done,与句子主语为逻辑上的被动关系，且先于谓语动词动作发生。2.分词作状语的句法功能分词作状语时，可以表时间，原因，结果，条件，伴随状况等。(1) When offered help, one often says“Thank you”or“Its kind of you”.(2) Separated from other continents for millions of years, Australia has many animals and plants not found in any other country in the world.2 / 3高三英语一轮复习语法非谓语学案设计3 / 3