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1、.河南理工大学万方科技学院电气与自动化工程系2010 届毕业生英文文献专业：电气工程及其自动化班级：07 电气 1 班学号：0720120027姓名：王烙印时间：年月日.英文资料Single-ChipMicrocomputerdormancy computing resetandthe anti-interference ability is perfectAbstract:Introduce a kind of dormancy of using- restore to the throne in the operation way and improve the anti-interfer
2、ence ability method of the one-chip computer,Analyse its scope of application, provide and use the circuit concretely; Combine the instance, analyze the characteristic of the hardware and software design under these kind of operation way.Keyword: Single-Chip Microcomputer Restore to the throne, dorm
3、ancy, anti-interferencePreface:With the development at full speed of the micro electric technique,the performance of the one-chip computer improves rapidly, demonstratethe outstanding advantage in the operation, logic control, intelligentrespect, replaced and enlarged the measuring that the circuit
4、made up,control circuit by digital logical circuit, operation originally to agreat extent, use very extensively. But because it have system halted,procedure run critical defect of flying etc, make it limit in a lot ofimportantapplicationof occasion.A lotoftechnologyinanti-interference,forexample set
5、up the softwaretrap,add the hardwareto guard the gate in dogscircuitetc, can make thisproblem have bettersettlement,butstilltheexistingproblem: Guard thegatedog atthemovement, mean and appear mistake already and run some time, this is notallowed in some occasions;Procedure appear circulation mistake
6、 verymuchsometimes,but justguard the gate dog controllinkincludeand enter,adopt and guard the gate as to such a mistake dog unable to discern;In measure and control cycle among the long system, one-chip computer.spend wait for the peripheral hardware a large amount of time, will beinterferedtoowhen
7、carry out and wait forthe order. To these situations,we have triedthemethod restoredtothethrone voluntarilyin practice,alternatepulse ofadoptingetcorrestoreto thethronewaking accordingto external terms to the one-chip computer up. After being restored tothe throneeach time,the one-chipcomputer carri
8、esoutthe correspondingprocedure,entersdormancy in timeafterfinishingcarryingoutthe task,wait to be restored to the throne neatly. Have solved above-mentionedproblemswellwiththismethod,andhas gotbetterresultintheagriculturalvoltagetransformercomprehensive protectorexperiment.Nowtake 51 serialone-chip
9、 computers as an example and probe intothe concreteprinciple and implementation method, restored to the throne the signalas the high level.1 A principle and implementation method1.1 Unconditional regular resetUse timer, special clock chip or other pulse generator in a certainpartof the regularproduc
10、e resetsignal.This method is especiallysuitedformeasuring instrument;thiskindofmethod isespecially suitableforthe measuring instrument. In not running actually, sample the analogquantity of introduction with A/D converter often, then store showing.Thiscourse isveryfast,but steadyforreading,the data
11、per second areonlyupgraded 1 -2 times,a largeamount of time ofCPUis used forwaiting.Let CPU carry out and enter dormancy directly after the task , restoreto the throne and wake by externalworldup Itcarryout the nextoperation,this is to restore to the throne the law regularly In this way can makeanti
12、-interferenceabilitystrengthengreatly, have 2 pointsmainly:.At the dormancy, procedure stop run can appear PC indicator disorderlyprocedurethatcauses run and fly.Work timein dormancy proportion1:9,thatis tosay 1 s have 0.1 time ofs used for measuring, sendingoffshowing,.there is time dormancy of 0.9
13、s, the probability that the procedure isinterfered is 1/10 while running at full speed, whole anti-interferenceabilityraiseby 10 times. Because every1s isrestored tothe throneonce unconditionally, once present the system halted during a job, cancertainlyresume when restored tothe thronenexttime.As t
14、oonlyinstrument that show, some reading mistake that 1s appear accidentallythere is no memory to the next measurement, be could bear, belong to“pass” mistake. This kind is restored tothe throne the advantage ofdogs circuitfor guardingthe gateregularly,first,change waitingtimeinto a dormancy state, t
15、ime to shorten and may be interfered; Second,avoidedhappening that thedog controls thedeath circulationof thelinkto include guarding the gate.1.2 The external condition is restored to the throne the lawSomearrivalthatexport ormeasure is controlledby the outside.Forinstance,the hot form ofheating,rot
16、atethe pulseproduced and calculateheat by hot water wheels,thereis no hotwatertoflow,there isno heattoexport,CPUonlyneed in factkeep number value,do notneed to count.Can imagine hot water wheels rotate when parking warm , CPU idle in willitbe willit be one season autumn springand summer, Ifletdorman
17、cy its,measure have waterwheels pulseconstantly,anti-interferenceabilitycanstrengthen greatly. So, so long as link up the restoring to the throneof the pulse of the waterwheels and CPU, thewaterwheels rotatea circleeach time,CPUis restoredto thethrone once,hot form can work normally,thisis restoredt
18、othe throne the law by theexternalcondition. Similarapplicationhave halfelectronkilowatt-hourmeter , go on one countjustwhen the machinery degreewheels and transfersto a circle, usersdo notneed the electricity, CPU has been knowing the dormancy all the time .Therestoringtothethroneinthe intervalnott
19、oberegular,butconfirmed according to the external condition of this method. In some.occasions, the time ofthe dormancy willbe very long, very effectivetoimproving anti-interference ability.2 The hardware realizes the main point2.1 Restored to the throne regularly unconditionallyGenerally ithas 2 kin
20、ds ofmethods. Usethe timer orthespecial-purpose clock chip to be restored to the throne. Fig1, in orderto use the timing circuit that 555 circuit makes up; Can use the clockchips of X1126, etc, wake CPU up with the alarm signal after setting upwarning time. This kind of method is suitable when the l
21、ong interval ismade, can also follow the result of this operation， determine to waketime up inalarm next time temporarily, veryflexibleand convenient.The signal of using the system to be inherent is as reducing the pulseregularly. Use 50Hz worker power make reducing after having a faceliftfrequently
22、,alreadyomit the timer,gatheredthe corresponding signalforthe phase place which measured the electric current signal at the same time, as Fig. 2 shows.2.2 External conditions are restored to the throneSend external condition pulse to and is restored to the throne theend son after having afacelift.To
23、 thatabove-mentioned waterwheels orthe ammeter spend a pulse produced, can use Schmitts trigger to have afacelift; For writing down the instrument of the biggest or minimum，can use the window comparator. In order to realize the electrificationthat is regulated， can use the electronic electric potent
24、ial device,establishupper and lower limitswith the order of the one-chipcomputer.2.3 Reduce cycleand restoredto thethrone the highelectricityat ordinary timesIn Fig3, restoredto the throne thesignal during highlevel Tr, theone-chipcomputer is inthe stateof restoring to the throne,theprocedure.does n
25、otrun,anti-interferenceabilityis the strongest;After thehighlevel, the one-chip computer begins to hold the conduct procedure. Thatis to say, are restored to the throne and suitable for the time that theprocedure carries out during the low level Td of the signal, this timeshould be greater than the
26、execution cycle of the procedure each time.It is restore to the throne cycle and restore to the throne high levelof signal take empty than very much important to choose rationally. Asto simpletoshow instrument,restoreto thethronecycledeterminedatabreak cycle, low electricityis it measure,hence over
27、alltime shown togreater than to want at ordinary times; otherwise, it cant presentforeverthemistakeof theintactexecutiveprogram. MonolithicintegratedcircuitinTsandTrperiodallcan effectivelytheantigambling, but is best the unnecessary time arrangement in Tr. When the program time is long, as far as p
28、ossible the request reduces Tr,it may join the differentiating circuit, like chart 1 center C30, R26, D9.2.4 Have the electricity to measure and restore to the thronemanuallySomesystems initsinitializationand run-timeneed firstelectricalimpulses.Restoredtothethroneand alreadybecome thebeginningcondi
29、tionofnormalrunningeach timewhile adopting the way of restoringtothethroneto run,itisunableto distinguish and have the electricityforthefirsttime. In some pin connectsthe electriccapacityof one Leifto the ground, measure this pin after being restored to the throne, iflow level to have electricity fo
30、r the first time. Give system set up onerestoretothe throne button,thatistosay a commonone manual torestoretothethrone,thisbuttonisnotjoinedand beingrestored tothethronein the end, is connected in parallel in the electric capacity both ends to the ground of above-mentioned pins.Result:.Conclusion An
31、ti-interferenceisan important problem in an electronicdesign, especially Important in the one-chip computer. This is becausetheone-chip computer has procedurestorunparticularitythatflies,theconsequence that it isinterfered may bethe system halted,may send outvarious kinds of mistakes or illegal move
32、ments before the system haltedtoo,make thewholesystemproducethemortalitymistake.So,onlyguarantee it is notenough yetforone-chip computernot to crash,studyhow to reduce the riskinterfered,itcan befault-toieranthow is itafterand make mistakes. This textisitactas some explorationfromtwo theseto try har
33、d, hope these elementary opinions can play some function ofcasting a brick to attract jade, helpful to everybody; Hope to everycolleague explore together, improve our design level together.中文翻译单片机的休眠运算复位和抗干扰能力完善摘要：介绍了一种通过运算复位来改善抗干扰能力的重复使用的单片机， 分析其适用范围，提供和分析其所使用的电路， 结合实例分析在某些运行方式下的软硬件设计。关键词：单片机复位，休眠，
34、反干扰前言：随着微电子技术迅速发展，单片机性能也得到迅速提高。智能维护逻辑控制电路取代了以往的测量电路的数字逻辑控制电路， 并将其发展。这操作被扩展到更大的范围， 并得到广泛使用。 因为它有系统的停顿， 所以运行程序有致命缺陷在许多重要场合受到限制。 很多反干扰技术 （例如有软件隔栏； 将硬件的接口放入狗的电路中等等） 可以使这一问题的到很好的解决， 但仍然存在着问题： 连接狗的电路运行时好时坏，这是在某些场合是不允许的。程序时常出现很多电路错误，仅仅是狗的连接环节也会时常出现无法识别的错误。 在测量和控制周期之间的时间长时， 单片机要花费大量时间等待周边其他硬件， 在运算处理等待命令时它将会
35、受到太多的干扰， 对于这些情况， 在实践中我们已经尝试过主动复位的方法， 采用后续脉冲外界条件触发单片机工作。 在每次复位后单片机将进行相应的程序， 执行命令后立即进入休眠， 为下次复位做好准备， 用此种方法很好的解决了上述的问题， 在农业电压互感器综合保护装置实验中得到很好的效果。现在用 51 系列单片机作为一个例子，并具体探讨高电平复位的原理和实施方法。1 原理和实施方法1.1 无条件定期复位使用定时器，专用时钟芯片或其它脉冲发生器在某一部分定期产生复位信号。这种方法尤其适合于测量仪器。在这种运行中， 模拟量通过 A/D 转换器后并将其存入显示。 这当然是非常快的， 但在稳定的运行中， 数
36、据每秒只有 1-2 倍的提高，在大量的时间内 CPU是用来等待让 CPU的工作并工作后进入休眠， 复位和.外界条件触发 CPU执行下次指令，这就是复位，这样才能使抗干扰能力大大加强。其有两个主要内容： 在休眠（程序停止运行） 时可以出现 CP机指示无序的程序。工作时间与休眠时间比例为 1：9，那就是说 1 秒内有 0.1 秒时间是用于测量，传送，显示，有 0.9 秒时间是休眠。这概率也就是说一程序在全速运行时间只有十分之一的干涉时间，整个抗干扰能力提高十倍。因为是每秒的复位，一旦无条件或目前的工作运行停止，下一个周期一定能够实现恢复复位。至于唯一的数据显示，虽然有些读入数据在1 秒内出现错误但
37、对下次测量没有影响或可以承受的都属于可忽略的错误。 这种复位的好处是狗的电路在定期控制着。首先，改工作到休眠状态的时间， 并有可能干预， 二是可以避免发生该狗门电路的控制导致接口连接不畅。1.2 外部条件复位法部分进入是由外界控制的， 举例来说， 加热升温供暖的旋转脉冲产生， 并计算有热水车轮产生的热量， 没有热水流量也没有热出口量时中央处理器只需要在事实上使用的数值， 也不用计数。可以想象热水车轮转动时保持温度， CPU空闲，它可能会有高温情况， 如果让其有休眠情况， 并衡量水车脉冲不间断， 其反干扰能力可以得到大大的加强。 所以，只要把复位的脉冲水车轮和 CPU连接其来，水车轮每转一圈 C
38、PU复位一次，供暖才能正常进行， 这就是复位法的外部条件。 类似的专利申请有一半是电子电度表， 正当机械程度车轮和转移到一个循环时用户不需要用电，此时中央处理器已经知道所有的休眠时间。 该复位无规律间隔出现，但它被证实了是有根据的外部条件方法。 在某些场合， 时间的休眠会很长， 但更有效的提高了抗干扰能力。2 硬件的具体主要点2.1 定期无条件复位一般有两种方法： 使用定时器或特殊用途的时钟芯片来复位或使用由 555 电路组成的时钟电路可以使用时钟芯片的 X1126等设立预警时间后通过报警信号唤醒 CPU。这种方法适用于间隔时间比较长的情况下，还可以按照对这次行动结果，快速确定下次唤醒的时间，
39、非常灵活方便信号的固定使用制度是为降低脉冲定时性。 50Hz 电力使用后已经省略定时器，在同一时间内聚结相应的.信号相位，其中包括测量电流信号。2.2 外部条件复位发送外部条件脉冲复位后立刻有了新的进展。在这上面提到的水车轮或电流表产生脉冲也可以使用施密特的触发代替会有个新的效果。可以利用窗口比较器得到仪器的最大最小值。 为了实现电子化即规范， 可以使用电子电气设备的潜力，也可以通过常规单片机来制定上限下限。2.3 在日常生活中减少周期和复位的用电量复位信号在高层次的TR和单片机是在程序不运行时抗干扰能力是最强的，之后高层次的单片机开始进行执行程序。这就是说，复位也适合在这一段程序的低层次 T
40、D信号进行，这个时候时间应该大于执行周期的每个程序时间。这是复位周期的复位高电平采取占空比的非常重要的选择理由。以简单的显示工具来确定复位周期数据打破原周期， 低电平就是它的措施， 有时其会超过平常任何时候所表现出来的数据，否则目前完整执行计划永远是错的。单片集成电路在TS和TR时期里都可以有效的抗干扰，但最好是不必要的时间安排 TR。当程序的时间很长，尽量要求降低 TR，可以加入电路鉴别。2.4 具有电力测量，手动复位有些系统在它初始化和运行时还是需要第一次电脉冲。复位造成一开始正常运行的状况，对每个时间而采用的复位方法来说， 它是无法识别第一次电脉冲的。在复位后测量这些引脚如果第一次测量是低电平则一些引脚是连接电容后接地。给系统设置一个复位按钮，那就是说一个共同的复位，此按钮是不是加入复位，要看最后并联在电容两端的引脚接地情况。结果：反干扰是电子设计中的重要问题， 尤其是在单片机中。 这是因为单片机程序运行的特殊性所导致的。 干涉可能导致该系统停止运行， 也可能引发个种错误或非法转移，使整个系统产生死机的错误。 就这么一说对单片机整个发展来说是不够的，我们要研究如何降低干扰风险， 使它完善以减少不必要的错误。 这文章只是充当一些探索，从这两个方面努力， 希望这些小小的建议， 可以发挥一些效果，铸造抛砖引玉，帮助大家，也希望每为同时共同探讨，提高我们设计水平。.