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1、精品文档 2006职称英语考试模全真拟试题理工类B级（一）Irradiating fruits, vegetables, pork and chicken to kill insects and bacteria has been approved by the Food and Drug Administration over the past decade or so. Irradiation of other meats, such as beef and lamb, is being reviewed. Federal approval does not require that in
2、dustry adopt the process, and few food processors presently offer irradiated products.Market studies have shown that many consumers are afraid that eating irradiated foods may cause cancer, despite scientific studies that prove the safety of treated foods. Some people argue that more severe governme
3、nt inspection, higher food-safety standards, and more careful-preparation practices by consumers are all that is needed to ensure that food is safe. Consequently, companies currently see no need to spend millions of dollars outfitting processing plants with the equipment necessary for a process that
4、 very few shoppers are in favor of.All supermarkets that sell irradiated food must label the food either directly on the packaging, or, in the case of bulk items like fruits and vegetables, by placing a sign nearby. There is no requirement for the labeling of irradiated food served by chain restaura
5、nts or hospitals that buy directly from distributors, nor any regulations for products that contain irradiated ingredients.Presently, the FDA allows food to be treated with three types of radiation - gamma rays, high-energy electrons, and X rays - and sets limits on doses, depending on the type of f
6、ood. The principle is that the dose to be used for a certain type of food should not exceed the amount that is sufficient to kill most harmful insects and bacteria present in it. Different types of food, because of their molecular compositions, may require different doses of radiation.The Russian Mi
7、r Space Station, which came down in 2001 at last after 15 years of pioneering the concept of long-term human space flight, is remembered for its accomplishments in the human space flight history. It can be credited with many firsts in space.During Mirs lifetime, Russia spent about US$4.2 billion to
8、build and maintain the station.The Soviet Union launched Mir, which was designed to last from three to five years, on February 20, 1986, and housed 104 astronauts over 12 years and seven months, most of whom were not Russian. In fact, it became the first international space station by playing host t
9、o 62 people from 11 countries. From 1995 through 1998, seven astronauts from the United States took turns living on Mir for up to six months each. They were among the 37 Americans who visited the station during nine stopovers by space shuttles.The more than 400 million the United States provided Rus
10、sian for the visits not only kept Mir operating, but also gave the Americans and their partners in the international station project valuable experience in long-term flight and multinational operations.A debate continues over Mirs contributions to science. During its existence, Mir was the laborator
11、y for 23,000 experiments and carried scientific equipment, estimated to be worth $80 million, from many nations. Experiments on Mir are credited with a range of findings, from the first solid measurement of the ration of heavy helium atoms in space to how to grow wheat in space. But for those favori
12、ng human space exploration, Mir showed that people could live and work in space long enough for a trip to Mars. The longest single stay in space is the 437.7 days that Russian astronaut Valery Polyakov spent on Mir from 1994 to 1995. And Sergie Avdeyev accumulated 747.6 days in space in three trips
13、to the space station. The longest American stay was that of Shannon Lucid, who spent 188 days aboard Mir in 1996.Despite the many firsts Mir accomplished, 1997 was a bad year out of 15 for Mir. In 1997, an oxygen generator caught fire. Later, the main computer system broke down, causing the station
14、to drift several times and there were power failures.Most of these problems were repaired, with American help and suppliers, but Mirs reputation as a space station was ruined.Mirs setbacks are nothing, though, when we compare them with its accomplishments. Mir was a tremendous success, which will be
15、 remembered as a milestone in space exploration and the space station that showed long-term human habitation in space was possible. But its time to move on to the next generation. The International Space Station being built will be better, but it owes a great debt to Mir.职称英语2006职称英语考试模全真拟试题理工类B级（一）
16、 there is corporate, national, international, and inter-scientific rivalry in the entire biotechnological field. They create images not of oil spills, but of “ microbe spills “ that could spread disease and destroy entire populations. The creation and accidental release of extremely poisonous microb
17、es, however, is only one cause for alarm. Completely rational and respectable scientists are talking about possibilities that stagger the imagination.Should we breed people with cow-like stomachs so they can digest grass and hay, thereby relieving the food problem by modifying us to eat lower down o
18、n the food chain? Should we biologically alter workers to fit the job requirement, for example, creating pilots with faster reaction times or assembly-line workers designed to do our monotonous work for us? Should we attempt to eliminate “ inferior “ people and breed a “ super -race “? (Hitler tried
19、 this, but without the genetic weaponry that may soon issue from our laboratories.) Should we produce soldiers to do our fighting? Should we use genetic forecasting to pre-eliminate “ unfit “ babies? Should we grow reserve organs for ourselves, each of us having, as it were, a “ savings bank “ full
20、of spare kidney, livers or hands?Wild as these notions may sound, every one has its advocates (and opposers) in the scientific community as well as its striking commercial application. As two critics of genetic engineering, Jeremy Rifkin and Ted Howard, state in their book Who Should Play God? “ Bro
21、ad Scale genetic engineering will probably be introduced to America much the same way as assembly lines, automobiles, vaccines, computers and all the other technologies. As each new genetic advance becomes commercially practical, a new consumer need will be exploited and a market for the new technol
22、ogy will be created.” The potential of closed-circuit television and other new electronic teaching tools is so great that it is fascinating to visualize “ the school of tomorrow “. Televised lessons will originate from a central building having perhaps four or five master studios. The lessons will b
23、e carried into classrooms all over a city, or even an entire country. After a televised lesson has been given, the classroom teacher will take over for the all-important “ follow-up” period. The students will ask any troublesome questions, and difficult points will be cleared up through discussion.T
24、he teacher in the classroom will have additional electronic tools. On the teachers desk, the traditional chalk and erasers will have been replaced by a multiple-control panel and magnetic tape player. The tape machines will run pre-recorded lessons which pupils will follow by headphones. The lessons
25、 will be specifically geared to the students levels of ability. For instance, while the class as a whole studies history, each student will receive an individual history lesson, directed to his particular level of ability. Should question arise, the students will be able to talk directly to the teac
26、her on individual “ intercoms “ without disturbing the rest of the class. In this way, the teacher will be able to conduct as many as three classes at the same time.With the rapid development of computer science, students will be aided with specially prepared multi-media software to study their subj
27、ects better. Homework will possibly be assigned and handed in via electronic mail system. Students can even take examinations on their computer linked with the teachers and get the score instantly. They will get certificates or diplomas if they pass all the required examinations. Experts believe tha
28、t this type of education will be very popular in the years ahead. When do people decide whether or not they want to become friends? During their first four minutes together, according to a book by Dr. Leonard Zunin. In his book, “Contact: The first four minutes,” he offers this advice to anyone inte
29、rested in starting new friendships: _1_. A lot of peoples whole lives would change if they did just that.You may have noticed that average person does not give his undivided attention to someone he as just met._2_. If anyone has ever done this to you, you probably did not like him very much.When we
30、are introduced to new people, the author suggests, we should try to appear friendly and self-confident. In general, he says, “People like people who like themselves.” On the other hand, we should not make the other person think we are too sure of ourselves. It is important to appear interested and s
31、ympathetic, realizing that the other person has his won needs, fears, and hopes.Hearing such advice, one might say, “But Im not a friendly, self-confident person. Thats not my nature. It would be dishonest for me to at that way.”_3_. We can become accustomed to any changes we choose to make in our p
32、ersonality. “It is like getting used to a new car. It may be unfamiliar at first, but it goes much better than the old one.”But isnt it dishonest to give the appearance of friendly self-confidence when we dont actually feel that way? Perhaps, but according to Dr. Zunin, “total honest” is not always
33、good for social relationships, especially during the first few minutes of contact. There is a time for everything, and a certain amount of play-acting may be best for the first few minutes of contact with a stranger. That is not the time to complain about ones health or to mention faults one finds i
34、n other people. It is not the time to tell the whole truth about ones opinions and impressions._4_. For a husband and wife or a parent and child, problems often arise during their first four minutes together after they have been apart. Dr. Zunin suggests that these first few minutes together be trea
35、ted with care. If there are unpleasant matters to be discussed, they should be dealt with later.The author says that interpersonal relations should be taught as a required course in every school, along with reading, writing, and mathematics. _5_ that is at least as important as how much we know.1. A
36、. wrong B. pure C. good D. whole 2. A. either B. terminal C. final D. terrible3. A. perfections B. presence C. preferences D. references4. A. differently B. similarly C. strangely D. heartlessly5. A. like B. as C. including D. for6. A. working B. dying C. talking D. dreaming7. A. regarding B. thinki
37、ng C. wanting D. knowing8. A. meant B. presented C. considered D. taken9. A. when B. although C. because D. while10. A. families B. friends C. colleagues D. wishes11. A. beginning B. time C. period D. end12. A. stand B. mean C. represent D. signal13. A. missing B. helping C. burdening D. leaving14.
38、A. financial B. physical C. social D. historical15. A. unless B. if C. why D. that答案及解析第一部分：词汇选择（第1-15题，每题1分，共15分）下面共有15句子，每个句子均有一个词或短语划有底横线，请从每个句子后面所给的四个选项中选择一个与划线部分意义最相近的词或短语。答案一律涂在答题卡相应的位置上。第1篇The Gene Industry1B。该题问“根据文章来看，汽车发动机的尾气可能被什么检测到？”。我们可以先看看备选答案，这是因为这个问题较接近生活，所以可能可以直接借助常识进行推理判断。A说“用渴望吃金属
39、的微生物”，B说“使用酶”， C说“调整发动机”， D说“给予新的生命形式专利权”。不难从常识判断C和D都不正确。再借助原文，利用答案线索词exhaust of a car engine/汽车发动机的尾气和 check/检测，不难在第1段的第2句中发现答案相关句。 该句说“他们梦想把酶放入汽车中去监控（汽车的）尾气并且向微机传送污染数据.”，依据此可判断B是正确的答案。2D该题问“根据文章来看，下面哪一项会最让批评家担心？”。利用critics/批评家 和worry/担心作为答案查找线索词。于是在第2段的段首句中发现答案相关句，该句说“感到不安的批评家，包括许多科学家，担心。”。但该句并没说“
40、最担心什么”，所以接着看随后的一句，该句说“他们想象到的不是石油泄漏，而是可能传播疾病和毁坏人类的微生物的泄漏。”，所以D（未预料的具有破坏性的微生物的释放）是答案。3D该题问“下面哪个术语没有被提到？”。因为第2题的答案在第2段，所以对于第3题我们从第3段开始看。对比备选答案项我们不难发现C在该段的段首句；该段的倒数第3句中有B；而该段的最后一句中含有A，所以D没有在原文中被提到。4C该题问“根据文章来看，西特勒试图做什么？”。因为”Hitler/西特勒”是专有名词，容易在文章中查找，所以我们选定该词为答案线索词。于是我们在第3段的中间部分发现含有该词的句子，该句说“西特勒尝试了这个”，而“
41、this/这个”是回指前面的内容，所以我们再看前面的一个句子，而该句说“我们能试图消除劣等人，而繁殖超强人种吗？”。再看备选答案。A说“为了赢得战争试图从生物的角度改变飞行员”；B说“发展基因农业以满足食物的供应”；C说“杀掉他认为劣等的民族”，；D说“鼓励发展生物武器”，所以C是答案。5A该题问“Jeremy Rifkin和 Ted Howard的话暗示了什么？”。一看“imply/暗示”这个词，我们应该首先明白答案一定不是文章中明明白白写出的句子，而换句话说文章中明明白白写出的句子一定不是答案。选定Jeremy Rifkin和 Ted Howard这两个专有名词为答案线索词。于是我们在最后
42、一段的第2句中找到答案相关句。该句说“如。一样，大规模的基因工程有可能引入美国。”，而备选答案项中A说“基因工程的商业用途是不可避免的”，与原文中相关句的说法相符；而B和C都没有涉及到基因-文章的说明对象，所以不可能是答案，而D说“每个新的基因发展的潜在用途都应该受到控制”，可见D的说法太绝对，所以应该不对，所以答案是A。5 B。分析：考察习惯搭配结构。6B. 分析：结合文章主题用词，直接选择dying。7D分析：根据被选项的搭配使用特点（regard.as.（把.看成.）/ want sth.），直接缩小答案范围，再借助句句意判断答案。8C. 分析：根据被选项的搭配使用特点(mean sth
43、./mean to do sth(打算做.).; present sth. to sb. / consider sth. (as) sth./把.看成.; take sth. )和句意判断C是答案。9D分析：借助句子特殊结构：someother判断该句讲述两种情况，所以答案选择D（“而”，引出两种不同的形成对比的情况）。10A分析：考察上下文用词的呼应（前后句句意的承接）：前句中提到了“家人”。11B分析：考察搭配结构(at the beginning of./at the end of ./at the time of./in the period of.)和句意，判断B（(在临死的)时刻）是答案。12B分析：该句中的also暗示该句在句意和结构上与前句的紧密呼应关系，借助前句用词（mean），直接判断答案B。13C分析：借助与空格处在含义上相关的词语concerns（担心），结合上文内容判断C（使负担/给予麻烦）最合适。其实下文中有内容上的提示。14A分析：借助搭配结构含义和常识（病人会对家人产生情感方面或经济方面的影响）判断A（经济方面的）最合适。15D分析：借助习惯搭配结构（be worried about sth./ be worried that.）直接判断答案。 2016全新精品资料-全新公文范文-全程指导写作 独家原创 16 / 16