工程制图CAD操作基础.doc

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1、工程制图CAD操作基础一、制图基本操作程序:1、 建立图形界线:菜单中“格式”图形界线空格-输数字“X,Y”空格-“Z”空格“E”-空格。2、 建立图层图层是透明的电子纸张,点开图层特性管理器,图层的属性:线型,线宽,线的颜色。新建图层,可删除,打为当前图层。名称单击可修改。 菜单中“格式”线型 “显示细节”更改“全局比例因子”-一般为2050 注:当前对象缩放比例不改,1)、图层关闭后图形不可见,但能绘制不可打印。2)、图层锁定后,图形可见,不能编辑,可打印。3)、图层冻结后不可见,不可绘制,不能编辑,不可打印。3、操作必须在英文状态才能操作。4、使用坐标确定点1)、绝对直角坐标(X,Y)2

2、)、相对直角坐标(X,Y) 相对坐标是相对上一点而言,闭会C空格,二、常用的命令:1、画直线:L空格输数值空格,2、偏移:O空格-输偏移数值空格-选对象往偏移方向点。封闭图形可整体偏移,针对封闭图形只偏移单线:XL空格O空格3、对象捕捉F3,栅格F7,正交F8,捕捉F9、极轴F10,对象追综F114、修剪:TR 修剪必须是两根相交线才能操作。TR空格选择1)、TR空格选择空格剪哪选哪2)、TR空格选择边界对象3)、TR空格空格-剪哪选哪4)、TR空格空格按住shift选择延伸的对象5)、TR-空格空格F-空格(快速修剪)一次最多可修两条。6)、TR-空格空格E-空格-E空格(假设延伸修剪)5、

3、延伸:EX-空格空格延伸谁就点谁延长线:可点击线,光标拖动蓝块线条延长6、镜像:(对象性复制) mi-空格选择对象-空格指定对象线的一点F8-是否是选Y或N (Y是删除原图,N是保留原图)7、移动: m-空格选定对象点右击对象捕捉打开中点点击-空格8、旒转: RO RO-空格选择对象旒转中心点下一点或输180度空格9、复制:CO-空格选择对象-空格三、常用的操作:1、 垂足、延伸、中点、交点、端点等 单右击捕捉对象设置打开选择,一般画图要关闭捕捉。2、 操作要看操作栏,按照提示操作,不能哪样操作按ESC均可退回或空格-空格空格。若找不上工具栏-右单击图层右边栏-找“修改” 打。3、 园的绘制:

4、C空格定园心1)、园心半径操作: C-空格-R空格输半径值-空格2)、园心直径操作: C-空格-D空格输直径值-空格3)、两点画园操作:C-空格2P空格点二点-空格4)、三点画园操作:C-空格3P空格点三点-空格5)、两线相切: C-空格T空格菜单“绘图”下园C点开相切,相切,半径(T)-输半径值-空格6)、三角形内园相切:C-空格T空格菜单“绘图”下园C点开相切,相切,相切点击三边-空格4、选择:1)、点击选择2)、窗口选择(从左向右拖出实线框),完全包含物体被选中。3)、窗口选择(从右向左拖出虚线框),完全包含和与窗口相交物体被选中。4)、减选-按住shift5)、全选-Shift5、园分

5、四等分: 从菜单“绘图”下“点”打开选择“定数等分”选择对象-空格输入要等分的块数-空格6、多线:一次性绘制多条平行直线,最多可包含16条,默认为两条,一次性绘制的多线是一整体,ML空格。 1)、在默认状态下,比例是两线之间的宽度,对正哪根线与光标重合。 2)、ML-空格,比例*样式=实际线宽 3)、多线:ML空格J空格Z空格S空格输墙厚空格勾墙线。 4)、多线要修剪,必须炸开, X空格选择对象-空格 TR-空格-空格修剪7、构造线:(无限长的线)XL空格 1)、XL-空格H空格点击画水平构造线 2)、XL-空格V空格点击画垂直构造线 3)、XL-空格A空格输角度空格-点击画对象构造线与其相交

6、角度线8、相对极坐标绘制带有精确度 1)、 L空格-R(长度)A(角度) 2)、极轴F10 对极轴修改右击极轴承打开“设置”修改“增量” 3)、角度覆盖法 和度数 输和输度数 4)、倒直角:CHA空格D空格输数字1-空格输数字2点空格点击被倒角的边即可。 5)、倒园角 F空格R空格指定输入数字(半径不大于边长)-空格点击被倒角的边即可。9、平行线的画法1)、两条非平行线 半径=0 自动延伸,直线相连接 F空格-选择相交线2)、两条平行线 半径=0 自动延伸,直径相连成半园。 F空格-选择相交线3)、两条平行线 任意半径 自动延伸,以半园相连接 F空格-选择相交线10、画弧线: A-空格点端点点

7、就近点点终点-空格11、矩形画图 1)、REC-空格D输长度-空格输宽度-空格 2)、REC-空格交点相对直角坐标-空格 3)、绘制元角矩形:REC-空格F-空格指定半径(注:半径大于矩形长度的一半)-输坐标值(x,y) -空格 4)、指定参照点坐标画矩形:iD-空格指定参照点REC-空格输坐标值(x,y) -空格-输下一点坐标值(x,y) -空格12、多边形画图 单点 PO-空格选择对象 多点:菜单“绘图”下“点” 1)、DiV(定数等分)-选线-输入等分数(如:六等分)- 空格 2)、ME(定距等分)选择对象输入定距-空格 3)、正多边形 POL POL-空格输边的数量-空格指定中心点选择

8、(内接于园或i)或(外切于园或C)-R-空格输R值-空格. 注:1)奇数点多边形的中心线点是顶角到对边中点连线的交点。 2) 偶数点多边形的中心线点是对角线连线的交点。 3)正多边形内接于园,半径指正多边形中心点到多边形边角的距离 4)、 正多边形外切于园,半径指正多边形中心线到多边形边的垂直距离 、指定边长绘制多边形 POL- 空格输边数(如:7边形就输7)E-空格指定一端点角度(如:150就输15)-空格-D-空格输边长值-空格. 4)、点的样式选择:菜单“格式”-点样式-选择13、多线的样式:菜单“格式”下的“多线的样式” 菜单“格式”-“多线的样式”-对话框新建-输入样式名称继续-更改

9、偏移量(包括:添加,删除,线形,颜色)-确定-确定。(置为当前(U)14、多段线PL:一次性绘制是一个整体,在绘制中可实现线宽变化,并且可实现直线到园弧的转换。 PL-空格-指定起点(绝对坐标)-w-空格-下一点(绝对坐标)w-空格-下一点(绝对坐标)- 注:PL整体向外偏移:建筑外墙有门窗已打断使用PL连线后整体外偏作散水。 Di(测量) LEN(测量)- 点击-15、将普通线转化为多段(PE) PE-空格-选择多段线-转换 二维转化为三维,第一便于测量,必须为封闭的整体16、相对坐标 Ra a是要绘制的线与0度方向的夹角。 a=【 (n-2)*1800】/n17、射线: Ray空格-点击指

10、定起点18、画园弧:Arc 画矩形:RECArc-空格-点击指定起点1-点2-点3-空格Arc-空格-A-E-R-空格19、样曲线:SPL-空格-点击指定起点1-点2-点3-空格20、画椭圆:ELEL-空格-点击指定三点(长度、宽度)-空格1)、指定两轴长度绘制椭圆,2)指定画椭圆中心。3)、椭圆弧EL空格A再空格4)旋转600 等轴测椭圆(短轴=1/2长轴)当画园不园就RE-空格-点击,重新生成。21、块:创建块B(内部)本文件用完就消失。插入块i画块W(外部)存入电经常用。22、缩放:SC SC-空格-选择对象-空格注:01之间为缩小,大于1为放大。23、填充:H不封闭区不正常填,能不正常

11、填充,封闭区正常填充1)、拾取填充区,2)、选择图案(图案填充和灰变色)。从图案ANGLE中小三角找。3)、确定填图(角度和比例)4)怎样设置:关联和不关联,设置关联和不关联填充物随图层变化5)、填色模式:从右下边小三角找。普通:从点击起,由外向内。外部:从点击起,只由外向填充最外包。忽略:由外向内全部填充。H-空格-拾起点-空格6)、颜色填充:一种是渐变色,一种是图案(SOLDI)24、阵列:AR一是矩形阵列,一是环形阵列AR-空格-选择对象-空格注:行偏移和列偏移都是对象中心-中心之间的距离,拾取中心。并注意角度变化(逆正、顺负)。25、拉伸:S1)、不能用窗口选择,交叉选择方式选择对象。

12、2)、只能包含部分端点(全部选择是移动功能)3)、只能拉伸有端点的物体。36、打断:BR-空格-选择节点1-空格-选择节点2-空格37、合并:JOJN 同PE一样,合并针对曲线,PE针对直线段。四、标注与文本1、输入文本:MT是多行文本;DT是单行文本MT角点-J1)、汉字为“仿宋体GB2312”; 英文:“txt”字体和数字2)、“字文格式”中找特殊文字3)、特殊符号:2/3堆叠-2/3100+0.5-0.5堆叠100+0.5-0.5 5/6 5#6选中堆叠5/6 5 3选中堆叠53 53选中堆叠53% % C变成 % % D变成 。 % % P变成+-输入文本时,单击右健选择符号注:MT-

13、空格选择第一点拉框出现对话框“文字格式”在右” 三角”下拉菜单的“其它”命令查找。2、 输入文本DT-空格-高度-空格-角度-空格DT-空格- 空格-空格3、标注格式1)、从“格式”菜单-打开“标注样式”-“标注样式管理器”-选择“修改”-打开“符号与箭头”在第一项【实心闭合】右三角下拉可找“建筑标记”-设置完成后切选择【标注文字为前缁(P)】-确定2)、工具栏-右健单击-标注前打可以弹出“标注”工具栏。 其中:线型标注:是标注垂直和水平的标注。 对齐标注:是标注非水平和垂直的标注。 弧长标注:是标注园弧的标注 半径标注:是标注园或园弧的标注 折弯标注:是标注弯折的标注 直径标注:是标注园的直

14、径的标注 角度标注:是标注园弧、园、直线或指定交角的标注 快速标注:是先选择后标注 连续标注:必须先画一个标注,才能连续标注。 基线标注:必须先有一个基准标注才能标注 快速引线: 编辑标注: 编辑文字: 旋转:将文字旋转角度。极线倾斜:尺寸线倾斜标注更新:注: 1:“格式”菜单-打开“标注样式”-“标注样式管理器”-选择“修改”“修改样式标注”选择【直线】中一般超出标记为3mm,基线间距为8mm。超出尺寸线为2mm,超点偏移量为1.5mm。文字高度为2.5,文字标识中一般标注“全局比例因子”-注2:标注中要根据实际按对话框中操作。五、测量命令:【1、查询DI,2、拉伸Len(包括测量和拉长 其

15、中:拉长是针对不规格的】1、 LEN-空格-选择对象-DY-沿着原来的方向拉长。2、 LEN-针对整体线段测量周长,针对弧测量弧长或园心角3、 测量面积和周长:AREA或AAAA-空格-选择对象-oAREA-空格-选择对象LI=AA同等4、 PL把房间边区划出来(勾出来)填充,X是炸开注:放大图框:出图比例=标注全比例因子 线型全比例因子是出图比例的一半先作已画图的框上线内,画出图标,测量边框线长文字大小出图比例*2.5六、打印:(crtl+P)1、选择打印机名称:JPG打印机可生成2、纸张大小3、打印范围:显示只要在栅格上画图打印4、打印图纸:在满布图纸前打5、 居中打印:打6、 点开右下角

16、小三角:图形方向7、 打印样式:选择acad ctb 点击“是” 再点开右边acad ctb小图标进行编辑。(颜色一般为 黑色)-保存关闭注:ctwf格式服务器支持CAD wab文件七、三维画图右击工具栏选择建模、视图、动态观察、三维导航、视觉样式SHA(编辑用2D、观察用真实,实体编辑多段体)1、 挤出EXT-空格-选择对象并结UNI 插SU2、 打开三维导航、动态观察EXT-空格-选择对象-指定高度-(先作二维)3、UNI是选择几块合并 IN交接是只留交接公共部分 SU是差接:一个实体把另一实体减掉一部分 SU是先选择的是被修剪的对象也是最后要留下的对象。4、二维转三维必须封闭。5、REV

17、(三维旋转)REV-空格-选择对象-空格-定义一中心点-3600旋转。八、其它工程制图CAD操作快捷键与图标对照序号操作命令快捷键图标备注1对象捕促F32栅格F73正交F84捕促F95极轴F106对象追综F117修剪TR+空格8延伸EX+空格9镜像mi+空格10移动M+空格11旒转RO+空格12复制CO+空格13偏移O+空格14缩放SC+空格01为缩小,大于1为放大15射线RaY+空格16构造线XL+空格17直线L+空格18多线ML+空格19多段线PL+空格20普通线转多段线PE便于测量21画矩形REC+空格22画多边形POL23画园C+空格24画椭圆EL+空格25画园弧Arc+空格26画弧线

18、A+空格工程制图CAD操作快捷键与图标对照序号操作命令快捷键图标备注27画园环DO+空格28倒园角F+空格29倒直角CHA+空格30定数等分DiV31定距等分ME32测量Di+空格33点测量LEN+空格34恢复Ctrl+Z35阵列AR+空格36填充H+空格37块B+空格38插入i+空格39样条曲线SPL40面域Yeg+空格41表格TABLE42多线样式菜单“格式”43图形界限菜单“格式”44写块W45分解(炸开)X46多行文本mT47单行文本DT48打断BR61(英文版 ) Two regulations promulgated for implementation is in the par

19、ty in power for a long time and the rule of law conditions, the implementation of comprehensive strictly strategic plan, implementation in accordance with the rules and discipline to manage the party, strengthen inner-party supervision of major initiatives. The two regulations supporting each other,

20、 the adhere to a positive advocate, focusing on morality is of Party members and Party leading cadres can see, enough to get a high standard; around the party discipline, disciplinary ruler requirements, listed as negative list, focusing on vertical gauge, draw the party organizations and Party memb

21、ers do not touch the bottom line . Here, the main from four square face two party rules of interpretation: the first part introduces two party Revised regulations the necessity and the revision process; the second part is the interpretation of the two fundamental principles of the revision of laws a

22、nd regulations in the party; the third part introduces two party regulations modified the main changes and needs to grasp several key problems; the fourth part on how to grasp the implementation of the two regulations of the party. and revised the necessity and revised history of the CPC Central Com

23、mittee the amendment to the Chinese Communist Party members and leading cadres honest politics several guidelines and column 1 by 2015 to strengthen party laws and regulations focus. Two party regulations revision work lasted a Years, pooling the wisdom of the whole party, ideological consensus, dra

24、w historical experience, respect for the wisdom of our predecessors, which reflects the unity of inheritance and innovation; follow the correct direction, grasp the limited goals, adhere to the partys leadership, to solve the masses of the people reflect a focus on the problem. The new revision of t

25、he and , reflects the partys 18 and the eighth session of the third, the spirit of the fourth plenary session, reflecting the experience of studying and implementing the General Secretary Xi Jinping series of important speech, reflects the partys eighteen years comprehensive strictly practice. (a) r

26、evised two regulations of the party need of in based on revised, the promulgation and implementation of January 2010, to strengthen the construction of the contingent of leading cadres play an important role. But with the party to manage the party strictly administering the deepening, has not been a

27、ble to fully meet the actual needs. Content is too complicated, eight prohibition, 52 are not allowed to hard to remember, and also difficult to put into practice; the second is concisely positive advocated by the lack of prohibited provisions excessive, no autonomy requirements; the third is banned

28、 terms and discipline law, both with the party discipline, disciplinary regulations repeat and Criminal law and other laws and regulations repeat; the fourth is to clean the theme is not prominent, not for the existing problems, and is narrow, only needle of county-level leading cadres above. is in

29、1997 based on revision, in December 2003 the promulgation and implementation, to strengthen the construction of the party play very important role. Along with the development of the situation, which many provisions have been unable to fully meet the comprehensive strictly administering the practice

30、needs. One is Ji law, more than half of the provisions and criminal law and other countries laws and regulations Repetition; two is the political discipline regulations is not prominent, not specific, for violation of the party constitution, damage the authority of Party Constitution of misconduct l

31、ack necessary and serious responsibility to pursue; third is the main discipline for the leading cadres, does not cover all Party members. Based on the above situation, need to and the two is likely to be more relevant regulations first amendment. By revising, really put the authority of Party disci

32、pline, the seriousness in the party tree and call up the majority of Party members and cadres of the party constitution of party compasses party consciousness. (II) two party regulations revision process the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China attaches great importance to two regulatio

33、ns revision . Xi Jinping, general books recorded in the Fifth Plenary Session of the eighth session of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection, on the revised regulations made clear instructions. According to the central deployment, the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection from 2014

34、 under six months begin study two regulations revision. The Standing Committee of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection 4 review revised. Comrade Wang Qishan 14 times held a special meeting to study two regulations revision, amendment clarifies the direction, major issues of principle, pa

35、th and target, respectively held a forum will listen to part of the province (area) secretary of the Party committee, Secretary of the Discipline Inspection Commission, part of the central ministries and state organs Department The first party committee is mainly responsible for people, views of exp

36、erts and scholars and grassroots party organizations and Party members. Approved by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, on 7 September 2015, the general office of the Central Committee of the Party issued a notice to solicit the provinces (autonomous regions, municipalities) Party

37、, the central ministries and commissions, state ministries and commissions of the Party (party), the General Political Department of the military, every 3 people organization of Party of two regulations revision opinion. Central Commission for Discipline Inspection of extensive solicitation of opini

38、ons, careful study, attracting, formed a revised sent reviewers. In October 8 and October 12, Central Committee Political Bureau Standing Committee and the Political Bureau of the Central Committee After consideration of the two regulations revised draft. On October 18, the Central Committee of the

39、Communist Party of China formally issued two regulations. Can say, two laws amendment concentrated the wisdom of the whole party, embodies the party. Second, and revision of the basic principles of two party regulations revision work and implement the partys eighteen, ten eight plenary, the spirit o

40、f the Fourth Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee and General Secretary Xi Jinping important instructions on the revised and , highlighting the ruling party characteristics, serious discipline, the discipline quite in front of the law, based on the current, a long-term, advance as a who

41、le, with Bu Xiuding independent and . Main principle is: first, adhere to the party constitution to follow. The constitution about discipline and self-discipline required specific, awaken the party constitution of party compasses party consciousness, maintaining the authority of the constitution. Ge

42、neral Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out that no rules, no side round. Party constitution is the fundamental law, the party must follow the general rules. In early 2015 held the eighth session of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection Fifth Plenary Session of the 16th Central Committee, Xi Jinping again pointed out that constitution is the p

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