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1、evaluation of scientific development. Nature security type-nature security is to maintenance people of health value for target, through strengthening security based management, and risk management, and equipment management and technology supervision, ensure production in the people, and real, and sy
2、stem, and system, elements security reliable, and harmony unified, full control various against factors, achieved thought no slack, and management no empty document, and equipment no hidden, and system no blocked, and unit zero non-stopped. Quality and efficiency-quality benefit is to adhere to the
3、enterprise survival, profit and development business truth, adhere to the all activity is economic activity, all costs can be controlled, money should not be wasted management philosophy, management analysis, to improve management quality, improve cost control capacity and market competitiveness. In
4、novation of science and technology-science and technology innovation is to play the role of science and technology as the primary productive force, active use of new technologies, new materials, new processes, new equipment, increase investment in science and technology, strengthening scientific and
5、 technological training, speeding up transforming scientific and technological achievements, forming a number of proprietary technology, enhancing core competitiveness. Resource-saving-the-resources saving enterprise was to reduce coal consumption, water consumption, electricity at the core, enhance
6、 the operation of lean management to realize low consumption, high efficiency, reduce production costs. Second is to strengthen the business, financial, material, information and the optimization of organization and management, saving the internal transaction costs. Harmonious development of harmoni
7、ous development-is to construct a foreign environment for development. XING refers to the internal security firm and internal management of the internal management measures are effective, harmonious. Foreign currency means Enterprise coordinating development of homeopathy, well, get along with the n
8、eighbors better. (B) XX 2013 five enterprises building intrinsic safety power company goals are: unplanned outage 0 times. Class of disorders 0, 0 is equivalent forced outage rate. No personal injury accident, material and equipment accidents do not occur, no fire, no environmental pollution acciden
9、t. Enterprise integrated to achieve zero cases of violation, zero accidents, zero. Quality goal is: when generating capacity 7.5 billion-kilowatt, sales of over 7.11 billion kWh, total profits of 306.6 million Yuan, . BFS+、PI、MIS、SCM Information systems infrastructure, fully integrated information s
10、ystem to realize information resources sharing; to expand the breadth and depth of the portal system, information system of Enterprise Management Assistant role to play; to improve the day-to-day operation and maintenance operation record of promoting causes and transfer system; to strengthen the tr
11、ainingDiscussion about the Cultural and Semantic Difference of Color Words Between Chinese and EnglishIntroductionLanguage is a part of culture. The differences between the Chinese culture and the Western culture are inevitable because of the divergences among society, history, geography, nationalit
12、y, literature art, religion, convention etc, which result in the divergence of the understanding and usage of color words between English and Chinese. However, everyone has his or her aesthetic sentiment .It could be a significant question to recognize these divergences of cultural language in order
13、 to study or grasp English language and facilitate the Sino-West understanding and communication. As we all know, different countries have different cultures. Culture is the collective programming of the mind which distinguishes the members of one category of people from another. Color is considered
14、 one of the most useful and powerful design tools you have. People respond to different colors in different ways, and these responses take place on a subconscious, emotional level. In American culture, black has long been associated with death, while white is believed to signify life and purity. In
15、the Orient, however, whiteis the traditional color of mourning. In the United States, black has also come to suggest sophistication and formality. Americans generally associate trust a stability with the color blue, whileKoreans have this reaction to pink and other pastel colors. In a word, the same
16、 color may represent different meanings in both languages. Because the same color usually sets up different relationships in cross-cultural communication, requiring people in different backgrounds to decipher one kind of information in the other culture. And every language has a potential restricted
17、 meaning, which is beyond the language itself. So it is significant useful to know and study the differences, in order to promoting the cultural communication and translation practice. A Brief Review of Color Words Used in Different CulturesCultural difference in color words not only respond to diff
18、erent national characters but also lead to different cultural connotation in its words. Both in Chinse and English culture, the connotations and symbolized meanings of color words is used differently, thus requiring people to understand the usage of color expressions completely. Not only can these e
19、xpressions enlarge our language, but add to the possibility of successful intercultural communication. Because of culture difference between English and Chinese, people be restricted and regulated by their culture when use color words symbols and implied meanings. So when we make intercultural commu
20、nication with foreign people, we must know their exact way of using color words, or else well meet several inconvenience and embarrassment. People who is familiar with both English and Chinese cultures knows that in China, the color red symbolizes happy event. On Chinese traditional wedding, the bri
21、degroom and bride both wear red clothes, however in western country people should wear white clothes on the wedding. In addition, in our culture, the color yellow symbolized a Son of Heaven and royalty and they wear yellow robes while western countrys royalty and exarch mainly wear purple. In Englis
22、h, color words can not only express individuals emotion and character but also be used in symbol and trope, such as this sentence: He was born in the blood of blue, means he was born in a noble family. Another sentence as: She is a green hand in this company .means she has no work experience in this
23、 company. And this sentence: Henry is beaten black and blue, shows that Henry is beaten to wound. Purple andgold are often associated with Royalty, wealth andopulence Red, White andBlue reminiscent of the American flag, immediately convey notions of patriotism and, to some extent, conservatism. Gree
24、nhas taken on a very strong connotation as the color representing ecology and concernfor the environment, however, it also conveys meanings associated with money and the suggestion “to goAhead” which is obviously derived from traffic lights. Colors represent holidays andseasons of the year. The Fall
25、 foliage colors of Red, orange, yellow, and brown are clearly expressive of Thanksgiving. Halloween: Orange and Black. Red and Green represent Christmas. Purple and Yellow and other pastels colors represent Easter. A. Different Pragmatic Meaning When Used in Daily LifeAs we acquire language, color p
26、rocessing is moved from the right hemisphere of the brain into the language centers in the left, according to a new British study. It would seem that our perceptions of color not only change as our brain develops language we speak. A previous study found differences in color perception depending on
27、the language spoken by the subjects, specifically that Russian speaker dicer more shades of blue than English speakers. Exactly why and how color become codified by language is unclear, though the discovery of the connection between the two offers a tantalizing peek into the complexity of human deve
28、lopment. Except for showing the various colors of nature, color terms also express rich emotions and have cultural connotation. Color is an effect of visual sense, as men have the same physical mechanism and visual theory, the material element of color terms may have some comments. But because of di
29、fferent customs，environments，religions believes, psychology, politics and economics, the understanding and feelings to color terms and the associational meaning and pragmatic meaning are different. Therefore, in translating these words about color, cultural factors are to be taken into consideration
30、. The pragmatic meaning of color words may be similar，different or be made cultural zero in the different languages. So it is necessary to get the identity from the difference when we translate the color words.Just as its name implies, color words are which used to describe kinds of color, in our da
31、ily life, color words in different language show different color, for example, black tea not means “heicha” in Chinese; meanwhile brown sugar means “hongtang”; brown bread is “hei mian bao”; and purple wine is hong “pu tao jiu”;whats more, blue films not means the color of the film is blue but which
32、 related to sex. In modern China, people use yellow to indicate something pornographic and filthy, but in Western country, people use blue to indicate that.B. Extended Meanings in Both Chinese and EnglishLanguage is a kind of social phenomenon, a tool for human communication, an essential and outsta
33、nding component of culture. Language study requires language and culture. English and Chinese are characterized by different features, and vary in expressions and culture habits. Words show the colors of the colorful world. Words on colors in English and Chinese have the same or different meanings.
34、We can find the rational psychology of the two nations the same or different from different connotations of words on colors. Because culture is the environment of human living, it affects all aspects of human life. Words on colors not only reflect the physical properties of colors but also reflect t
35、he properties of society and characteristics of time. So it is necessary to know and master different connotations of words on colors both in English and Chinese. From the scientific definition, color is a visual phenomenon launched, reflected or caused through certain light wave by the object; it i
36、s one kind of visual essential features of human eye. Color words in each nations language differ from one anther in the world. On the basic color words, there is not so much difference in English and in Chinese. In Chinese, there are “chi cheng huang lv qing lan zi”，while in English there are red,
37、white, black, green, yellow, blue and purple. Owing to the different historic cultural background of the two cultures, the same color words have different symbolic meanings.Here are some examples that color words not mean color here but other extended meaning . “We cant afford to have anyone in this
38、 enterprise who is likely to turn yellow when the testing-time comes.” the word yellow here not means any color at all, but turn tail. “If you want to be a successful gardener, of course youve gotta have green fingers.” green fingers means skillful gardener. “Mother gave us the green light to go on
39、the camping trip this summer”, green light means permission. “He has a green wound in the left breast”, here green mean new. “When she gives a dinner party, she always does it up brown”, here brown mean fineness. “Im browned off, sitting here all day with nothing to do.” browned off means vacuity. “
40、I tried to attract his attention, but he was in a brown study”, brown study means in deep thought. “Although they got a lot of nice wedding presents, they also got one or two white elephants.” white elephant means something useless. “Dont show the white feather fight for your beliefs.” white feather
41、 here means cowardice. “In his youth he was treated as the white hope of the American theater.” white hope means honor here. “He gave me assurance in black and white.” black and white not mean two colors mixed together but written.In ZULU beading young girls learned bead work and the meaning of the
42、symbols and colors used from their older sisters. The bead work was usually worn as a head or neck band. Men depended on female relatives to explain the code. The patterns and colors can also tell what region a woman comes from and what her social standing is. Colors in Native American culture often
43、 symbolize different things from culture to culture. African cultures have different meanings.and so on. Colors symbolize different qualities in various European cultures. A Brief Review of Some Special Color Words Translation From English to ChineseEnglish abounds with phrases containing color word
44、s. Color may convey different messages to people of different cultures. Due to the respective cultural back ground and tradition, some phrases containing color words have far surpassed their original meanings, forming different connotations. What does see red mean? If he is in a blue mood, what kind
45、 of mood is he in? Is he happy, sad, or what? Obviously red and bluedonotmeanjustthecolor.Eachhasadditionalmeanings certain cultural associations thatarehiddenbehindtheword.Thefollowingpartwill be devoted to the discussionofculturaldifferencesofcertaincolorwords.Color words are one kind of sensory w
46、ords and an important part of English words. they not only play an important role in describing the color of the rues, expressing the idea of the word and enhancing the infection of language but also have different meaning and analogy, and with totally different culture tint in different language an
47、d culture 1 In our daily life colors are the most expressive force of language, they not only express one language, transmit one kind of emotion, they can also become one of the most celerity and most earthliness communication tools and mediums. People always use color to express their emotion and e
48、nrich their language. Color is a subject that exists externally, the cupidity of color is the same to every nation, but each nation has different understanding on color, especially every nation has give it different comparison meaning, association of ideas meaning and culture imago. Culture imago is
49、 a culture sign which was formed gradually in history years. It has a relative steadfast special culture connotation. In international trade, the color of goods decoration have different culture connotation, and have culture difference what require goods designers have cultural awareness or else things will go contrary to ones wishes. The phrase white elephant as a culture imago has different meaning in both west and east