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1、2018 北京卷英语及解析2018 年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英 语（北京卷）本试卷共14页，共120分。考试时长100分钟。考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后，将本试卷与答题卡一并交回。第一部分：知识运用（共两节，45分）第一节 单项填空（共15小题；每小题1分，共15分）从每题所给得A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处得最佳选项，并在答题卡 上将该项涂黑。例： Its so nice to hear from her again、 _, we last met more than thirty years ago、A、 Whats moreC、 In ot
2、her words答案就是D。B、 Thats to sayD、 Believe it or not1、 Hi, Im Peter、 Are you new here? I havent seen you around、Hello, Peter、 Im Bob、 I just _ on Monday、A、 start B、 have started C、 startedD、 had started2、 _ we dont stop climate change, many animals and plants in the world will be gone、A、 AlthoughB、 Wh
3、ile C、 If D、Until3、 _ along the old Silk Road is an interesting and rewarding experience、A、 Traveltraveled2018 北京卷英语及解析B、 Traveling C、 Having D、 Traveled4、 Susan had quit her well-paid job and _ as a volunteer in the neighborhood when I visited her last year、A、 is workingD、 had workedB、 was working
4、C、 has worked5、 She and her family bicycle to work, _ helps them keep fit、A、 which B、 who C、 asD、 that6、 During the Mid-Autumn Festival, family members often gather together _ a meal, admire the moon and enjoy moon cakes、A、 share B、 to share C、 having shared D、 shared7、 Chinas high-speed railways _
5、from 9,000 to 25,000 kilometers in the past few years、A、 are growing B、 have grown C、 will growD、 had grown8、 In any unsafe situation, simply _ the button and a highly-trained agent will get you the help you need、A、 press B、 to press C、 pressingD、 pressed9、 A rescue worker risked his life saving two
6、 tourists who _ in the mountains for two days、2018 北京卷英语及解析A、 are trapping B、 have been trapped C、 were trapping D、 had been trapped10、 Ordinary soap, _ correctly, can deal with bacteria effectively、A、 used B、 to use C、 usingD、 use11、 Without his support, we wouldnt be _ we are now、A、 howD、 whyB、 wh
7、en C、 where12、 In todays information age, the loss of data _ cause serious problems for a company、A、 need B、 should C、 canD、 must13、 They might have found a better hotel if they _ a few more kilometers、A、 drove B、 would drive C、 were to drive D、 had driven14、 Good morning, Mr、 Lees office、Good morni
8、ng、 Id like to make an appointment _ next Wednesday afternoon、 A、 for B、 on C、 inD、 at15、 This is _ my father has taught meto always face difficulties and hope for the best、A、 how B、 which C、 thatD、 what第二节 完形填空（共20小题；每小题1、5分，共30分）2018 北京卷英语及解析阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给得A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项， 并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。The
9、Homeless HeroFor many, finding an unattended wallet filled with 400 in cash would be a source（来源）oftemptation（诱惑）、 But the 16 would no doubt be greater if you were living on the streetswith little food and money、 All of this makes the actions of the homeless Tom Smith 17 more remarkable、After spotti
10、ng a 18 on the front seat inside a parked car with its window down, he stood guard in the rain for about two hours waiting for the 19 to return、After hours in the cold and wet, he 20 inside and pulled the wallet out hoping tofind some ID so he could contact（联系）the driver, only to 21 it contained 400
11、 in notes, with another 50 in spare change beside it、He then took the wallet to a nearby police station after 22 a note behind to let theowner know it was safe、 When the cars owner John Anderson and his colleague Carol Lawrencereturned to the car which was itself worth 35, 000 in Glasgow city centre
12、, they were 23to find two policemen standing next to it、 The policemen told them what Mr、 Smith did and thatthe wallet was 24、The pair were later able to thank Mr、 Smith for his 25、Mr、 Anderson said: I couldnt believe that the guy never took a penny 、 To think he issleeping on the streets tonight 26
13、 he could have stolen the money and paid for a place tostay in 、 This guy has nothing and 27he didnt take the w allet for himself ；he thoughtabout others 28、 Its unbelievable、 It just proves there are 29 guys out there、Mr、 Smiths act30much of the publics attention、 He also won praise from socialmedi
14、a users after Mr、 Anderson 31 about the act of kindness on Facebook、Now Mr 、 Anderson has set up an online campaign to 32 money for Mr 、 Smithand other homeless people in the area, which by yesterday had received 8,000、 I think the2018 北京卷英语及解析faith that everyone has shown 33 him has touched him 、 P
15、eople have been approaching him in the street; hes had34job and all sorts, Mr、 Anderson commented、For Mr 、 Smith, this is a possible life-changing 35 that one good turn deserves another、 The story once again tells us16、 A、 hope17、 A、 stillB、 aimB、 evenC、 urgeC、 everD、 effortD、once18、 A、 wallet19、 A、
16、 partnerB、 bagB、 colleagueC、 boxC、 ownerD、 parcelD、policeman20、 A、 turned21、 A、 discoverB、 hidB、 collectC、 steppedC、 checkD、 reachedD、believe22、 A、 taking23、 A、 satisfied24、 A、 safe25、 A、 serviceB、 leavingB、 excitedB、 missingB、 supportC、 readingC、 amusedC、 foundC、 kindnessD、 writingD、 shockedD、seenD
17、、encouragement26、 A、 whenB、 ifC、 whereD、because27、 A、 ratherB、 yetC、 alreadyD、 just28、 A、 tooB、 thoughC、 againD、instead29、 A、 honest2018 北京卷英语及解析B、 polite C、 rich D、generous30、 A、 gave B、 paid C、 cast D、 drew31、 A、 learned heardB、 posted C、 caredD、32、 A、 borrowB、 raiseC、 save D、 earn33、 A、 of34、 A、
18、detailsB、 atB、 changesC、 forC、 offersD、 inD、applications35、 A、 lessonB、 adventure C、 chance D、challenge第二部分：阅读理解(共两节，40分)第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，共30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给得A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上 将该项涂黑。AMy First Marathon（马拉松）A month before my first marathon, one of my ankles was injured and this meant not running
19、 for two weeks, leaving me only two weeks to train、 Yet, I was determined to go ahead、I remember back to my 7th year in school、 In my first P、E、 class, the teacher required usto run laps and then hit a softball 、 I didnt do either、 wellHelater informed me that I was not athletic、2018 北京卷英语及解析The ide
20、a that I was not athletic stuck with me for years、 When I started running in my30s, I realized running was a battle against myself, not about competition or whether or not I was athletic、 It was all about the battle against my own body and mind、 A test of wills!The night before my marathon, I dreamt
21、 that I couldnt even find the、Ifinishwokeupline sweating and nervous, but ready to prove something to myself、Shortly after crossing the start line, my shoe laces( 鞋带) became untied 、 So I stopped to readjust、 Not the start I wanted!A t mile 3, I passed a sign: GO FOR IT, RUNNERS!B y mile 17, I becam
22、e out of breath and the once injured ankle hurt badly、 Despite the pain, I stayed the course walking a bit and then running again、By mile 21, I was starving!As I approached mile 23, I could see my wife waving a sign 、 She is my biggest fan 、 She never minded the alarm clock sounding at 4 a、m、 or que
23、stioned my expenses on running、I was one of the final runners to finish、 But I finished! And I got a medal、 In fact, I got the same medal as the one that the guy who came in first place had、Determined to be myself, move forward, free of shame and worldly labels( 世俗标签), I can now call myself a marath
24、on winner、36、 A month before the marathon, the author _、A、 was well trained B、 felt scaredC、 made up his mind to run37、 Why did the author mention the P、E、 class in his 7th year? A、 To acknowledge the support of his teacher、B、 To amuse the readers with a funny story、D、 lost hope2018 北京卷英语及解析C、 To sh
25、ow he was not talented in sports、D、 To share a precious memory、38、 How was the authors first marathon?A、 He made it、C、 He got the first prize、39、 What does the story mainly tell us?A、 A man owes his success to his family support、 B、 A winner is one with a great effort of will、C、 Failure is the mothe
26、r of success、D、 One is never too old to learn、BB、 He quit halfway、D、 He walked to the end、Find Your Adventure at the Space and Aviation(航空) CenterIf youre looking for a unique adventure, the Space and Aviation Center (SAC) is the place tobe、 The Center offers programs designed to challenge and inspi
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29、to space with the crew from all over theworld、 The Aviation Challenge program gives trainees the chance to earn their Aviation badge、They learn the principles of flight and test their operating skills in the cockpit(驾驶舱) of a variety2018 北京卷英语及解析of flight simulators 、 Trainees also get a good start
30、on their Wilderness Survival badge as theylearn about water- and land-survival through designed tasks and their search and rescue of downed pilot、With all the programs, teamwork is key as trainees learn the importance of leadership and being part of a bigger task、All this fun is available for ages 9
31、 to 18 、 Families can enjoy the experience together, too, with Family Camp programs for families with children as young as 7、Stay an hour or stay a week there is something here for everyone!For more details, please visit us online at 、40、 Why do people come to SAC?A、 To experience adventures、B、 To l
32、ook for jobs in aviation、C、 To get a degree in engineering、D、 To learn more about medicine、41、 To earn a Space Exploration badge, a trainee needs to A、 fly to spaceB、 get an Aviation badge firstC、 study the principles of flightD、 build and fire model rockets42、 What is the most important for trainee
33、s?A、 Leadership、C、 Task planning、B、 Team spirit、D、 Survival skills、2018 北京卷英语及解析CPlastic-Eating WormsHumans produce more than 300 million tons of plastic every year 、 Almosthalf of that winds up in landfills( 垃圾填埋场), and up to 12 million tons pollutethe oceans、 So far there is no effective way to ge
34、t rid of it, but a new studysuggests an answer may lie in the stomachs of some hungry worms、Researchers in Spain and England recently found that the worms of thegreater wax moth can break down polyethylene, which accounts for 40% of plastics 、 The teamleft 100 wax worms on a commercial polyethylene
35、shopping bag for 12 hours, and the wormsconsumed and broke down about 92 milligrams, or almost 3% of it 、 To confirm that the wormschewing alone was not responsible for the polyethylene breakdown, the researchers made someworms into paste(糊状物) and applied it to plastic films、 14 hours later the film
36、s had lost 13% oftheir mass apparently broken down by enzymes ( 酶) from the worms stomachs、 Their findings were published in Current Biologyin 2017、Federica Bertocchini, co-author of the study, says the worms ability to break down theireveryday food beeswax also allows them to break down plastic、 Wa
37、x is a complexmixture, but the basic bond in polyethylene, the carbon-carbon bond, is there as well, she explains, The wax worm evolved a method or system to break this bond、 Jennifer DeBruyn, a microbiologist at the University of Tennessee, who was not involved inthe study, says it is not surprisin
38、g that such worms can break down polyethylene 、 But comparedwith previous studies, she finds the speed of breaking down in this one exciting 、 The next step,DeBruyn says, will be to identify the cause of the breakdown 、 Is it an enzyme produced by the worm itself or by its gut microbes(肠道微生物)?Bertoc
39、chini agrees and hopes her teams findings might one day help employ the e nzyme tobreak down plastics in landfills 、 But she expects using the chemical in some kind of industrial process not simply millions of worms thrown on top of the plastic、43、 What can we learn about the worms in the study?2018
40、 北京卷英语及解析A、 They take plastics as their everyday food、B、 They are newly evolved creatures、C、 They can consume plastics、D、 They wind up in landfills、44、 According to Jennifer DeBruyn, the next step of the study is to A、 identify other means of the breakdownB、 find out the source of the enzymeC、 confi
41、rm the research findingsD、 increase the breakdown speed45、 It can be inferred from the last paragraph that the chemical might A、 help to raise wormsB、 help make plastic bagsC、 be used to clean the oceansD、 be produced in factories in future46、 What is the main purpose of the passage?A、 To explain a
42、study method on worms、B、 To introduce the diet of a special worm、C、 To present a way to break down plastics、D、 To propose new means to keep eco-balance、DPreparing Cities for Robot Cars、2018 北京卷英语及解析The possibility of self-driving robot cars has often seemed like a futurists dream, years awayfrom mat
43、erializing in the real world、 Well, the future is apparently now、 The CaliforniaDepartment of Motor Vehicles began giving permits in April for companies to test trulyself-driving cars on public roads、 The state also cleared the way for companies to sell or rent outself-driving cars, and for companie
44、s to operate driverless taxi services 、 California, it should benoted, isnt leading the way here、 Companies have been testing their vehicles in cities across thecountry、 Its hard to predict when driverless cars will be everywhere on our roads、 But howeverlong it takes, the technology has the potential to change our transportation systems and our cities, for better or for worse, depending on how the transformation is regulated、While much of the debate so far has been focused on the safety of drive