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1、目 录第1集2第2集45第3集85第4集128第1集Hi, Good morning.(新集)早上好Its wonderful to be back here,很高兴回到这里wonderful to see you here.很高兴在这里见到你们Im teaching this class,我之所以教这门课because I wish a class like this had been taught是因为我在像你们一样还是本科生时when I was sitting in your seats as an undergrad here.很希望有人能给我上这样一门课This does not
2、mean that its a class you wish to be taught,但这并不意味着它也是你想上的课nor does it mean that its the right class for you.也不是说这课适合你们But I hope to do in the next couple of lectures我希望在接下来的几堂课中is give you an idea for what this class is about,告诉你们这门课到底讲的是什么so that you can decide whether or not it is for you.这样你们就能确
3、定 它是否适合你I came here in 1992,1992年 我来到哈佛and started off with computer science concentrator.一开始 我学的是计算机集中器And then I had a mini epiphany half way through my sophomore year,大二读到一半的时候 我突然灵光一闪I realized that I was in a wonderful place,我意识到自己在一个人杰地灵的地方with wonderful students, around me were wonderful teac
4、hers.与优秀学子共处 周围都是杰出的教师I was doing well academically.我在学业方面表现优异I was doing well in athletics. 体育表现也很出色I was playing fast squash at that time.当时我在打快速壁球壁球按球飞行的速度快慢而分为快速 中速 慢速和超慢速I was doing well socially.在社交方面我也游刃有余Everything was going well,一切都很顺利except for the fact that I was unhappy,可我却并不幸福and I didn
5、t understand why.而我也不明白这是为什么It was then, in a matter of moments,就在那一段时期that I decided that I had to find out why and become happier.我决定找出原因 让自己变得更幸福And thats when I switched my concentration于是我将注意力from computer science to philosophy and psychology,由计算机科学转向哲学及心理学with a single question:How can I becom
6、e happier?并思考这样一个问题我如何才能更幸福Over time I did become happier,时光荏苒 我的确变得更幸福了what contributed most to my happiness was而使我幸福的秘方就是.When I encountered a new emerging field当我涉足这个新领域时that at that time it didnt have the name that it has today,那时它还没有我们今天所说的这个名字but essentially research that falls under但本质上还是隶属于o
7、r within the field of positive psychology.积极心理学的范畴Positive psychology, studying it,研究积极心理学applying the ideas to my life并将其应用到生活中has made me significantly happier.这使我变得更幸福了It continues to make me happier.并且一直使我继续幸福下去And it was when I realized the impact that it had on me当我意识到产生在自己身上的这些影响that I decide
8、d to share it with others.我决定与他人分享我的收获Thats when I decided that I want to be a teacher于是我决定要成为一名教师and teach this field.并教授这门课So this is positive psychology, psycholoy 1504.这里是积极心理学 心理学1504课And we will be exploring this new-我们将探索这个relatively new and fascinating field,相对新兴且引人入胜的领域and hopefully we will
9、 be exploring more than the field-希望我们能从中悟出课程之外的东西ourselves.即我们自己When I first taught this class was back in 2002,我第一次教这门课还是在2002年I taught it at a seminar and had 8 students,我当时教的是研讨班 只有八个学生Two dropped out.其中还有两人中途退出That left me with six.只剩六个学生The year after, the class became slightly larger.一年后 班级规模
10、稍微大了些I had over 300 students.有三百多个学生And then the third year when I taught it, which was the last time,然后是第三年 也是我最后一次授课I had 850 students in the class,班里有850名学生making it at that point the largest course at Harvard.以至于它成为当时哈佛中最大的一门课And thats when the Media became interested,于是媒体也闻风而动because they wante
11、d to understand why.因为他们想知道原因They wanted to understand this phenomenon that他们想弄清楚这个现象here you have a class thats larger than Introduction to Economics.居然有一门课的规模比经济学导论还大How could that be.这怎么可能So I was invited by the Media for interviews,于是有很多媒体采访我whether it was newspapers, radio, television.包括报纸 电台 还
12、有电视台And I started to notice a pattern在采访过程中during those interviews.我开始注意到这样一种模式So I would walk into the interview, would have the interview.我走进采访间 并接受采访And afterwards, the producer or the interviewer would walk me out之后制作人或采访者送我出来时会说些and say something to the effect that Well, thank you, Tal, for the
13、 interview.大意是泰勒 很高兴你能接受采访But you know, I expected you to be different.但我原以为你不是这样的And I would ask, as nonchalantly as I could of course as if,我就会问 当然 我问得很随意I didnt really care but had to ask anyway,我并不在乎 但我总得回他一句嘛How different?如何不一样呢And he would say, Well, you know we expected you to be more outgoin
14、g.他说我们原以为你会更活泼一些的Next interview, the end of the interview, same thing,在下一次采访结束时 情况还是一样Thank you for doing the interview, 感谢你接受采访but you know, Tal, I expected you to be differernt.但泰勒 我原以为你不是这样的And once again, nonchalantly of course, I would ask,再一次 当然也是随口一问So how different?如何不一样呢And here she would s
15、ay, Well, you know,于是她说 你知道的we expected you to be less, less introverted我们原以为你没那么内向的Next interview, same thing,下一次采访 历史再次重演How different?如何不一样呢Well, you know, more extroverted, more outgoing.你应该更活泼些 更外向些Next interview, Well, you know, less shy.下一次采访 你不要那么害羞cause you know I get very nervous in interv
16、iews.因为采访中我会变得很紧张Interview after interview, literally dozens. 接连不断很多次采访都是如此More outgoing, more cheerful,你应该更活泼 更开朗less introverted, more extroverted,别内向 更外向and on and on.诸如此类But here is the best one.最绝的是这一次So this is one of the local channels here around Boston.有一回 波士顿的一家当地电台采访我I was going to the in
17、terview,我去参加了这次采访we had quite a long interview,采访持续了很长时间which I thought was acturally pretty good.我认为这确实是一次很棒的采访And at the end of the interview,在采访结束时the interviewer, who is a very jolly guy,采访者是一个非常快乐的小伙子walks me out and puts his hand on my shoulder and says,他送我出来 并揽着我的肩膀说Tal, thank you very much f
18、or doing the interview.泰勒 十分感谢你来参加采访And then the usual comes,一如既往But you know, Tal,但你知道么 泰勒I expected you to be different.我原以为你不是这样的And I said, How different?于是我说 如何不一样呢You know, just so that you understand,你们懂的by this time, my self-esteem is short.那时 我已经被打击惨了But still, but still with same resemblan
19、ce of nonchalance,但我仍然漫不经心地问道I asked, How different?如何不一样呢And he looks at me and says,他看着我 然后说Well, I dont know, Tal,我也不知道 泰勒I expected you to be taller.我还以为你是个身材高大的人呢Taller? What?身材高大 搞什么啊5.7 or.?难道一米七四.Okay, 5.65 is not enough to teach happiness?好吧 一米七二就不能教幸福课了吗And I thought about it, I thought ab
20、out it a lot,关于这种对话模式 我想了很多the whole pattern from the beginning.我思考了这种模式的始末And I think I understand我想我明白了why they expected someone different.为什么他们都以为我会是另一副样子You see, they had to explain to themselves,他们在向观众解释的同时as well as the audience,也要说服自己How come this class is larger than Introduction of Economic
21、s?为什么这门课比经济学导论还受欢迎and the way to explain it must be that-而对这一现象的解释必然是the teacher is very outgoing, extremely charismatic,授课者十分活泼 魅力四射very cheerful and extroverted, and of course, tall.开朗外向 当然 还得身材高大Well, there was one L missing there,可惜我的名字中少了一个LBut.但是Yeah, if only.是啊 要真是就好了So the problem though is问
22、题在于that they were looking in the wrong place for the explaination.他们在寻找解释的过程中找错了地方In other words,换句话说they were looking at the messenger,他们将注意力放在了知识传播者的身上where they need to look at was the message.而其实他们应该关注的是知识本身Now, how do I know that?我是怎么知道这一点的呢You see, because I see other positive psychology class
23、es因为我在世界上其他大学中on other campuses around the country and around world.旁听过积极心理学课程There are over 200 campuses, here in the United States,在美国 超过二百所学校that teach positive psychology.都开设了积极心理学这门课On almost every campus, where this class is taught,而几乎在每一所开设这门课程的学校中its either one of the or the largest class.它都
24、是最受欢迎的课程Its about the message.这就是知识的力量I see more and more organizations我看到有越来越多的组织taking up positive psychology in their开设了积极心理学课程as consultant company.包括咨询公司Some of the leading, big consultant companies are taking it on.其中不乏咨询行业当中的领头羊More and more high schools are introducing positive psychology cl
25、ass.越来越多的高中也引入了积极心理学课程Elementary schools are introducing it.小学也是一样Governments around the world are expressing an interest世界各国政府都对in this new emerging field.这一新兴领域很感兴趣Why? Because it works. 为什么 因为它很管用Because it really works.它确实能起作用You see this whole realm of life flourishing, of happiness,你们看 直到最近 自助
26、运动都还是自助运动是一种自我完善运动 一般通过派发流行的自助书籍传播of well-being has been until recently dominated by the self-help movement.人生繁荣 快乐 幸福的主导精神What do we have in the self-help movement?在自助运动中 我们能收获什么We have books that are very interesting,我们可以看一些有趣的书籍that are very accessible.这些书籍十分通俗易懂We have speakers who are very outg
27、oing,演讲者也十分外向活泼very charismatic and tall,魅力四射且身材高大attracting the masses into these workshops,能将大众吸引到他们的工作室seminars and lectures.讲座和课堂上But, and there is very big but here,但是 这个但是很重要many of these books,很多这种书many of these workshops and seminars lack substance.很多这种工作室和讲座都言之无物Very often, over-promising a
28、nd under-delivering.往往都是语言上的巨人 行动上的矮子So these are The 5 Things You Need to Know to Be Happy,比如 获得快乐你要知道的五件事The 3 Things to Be The Great Leader.成功领袖的三要素The One Secret of Success, Happiness and The Prefect Love Life.成功 幸福和完美之爱的秘诀Over-promising, under-delivering.语言上的巨人 行动上的矮子On the other hand, we have
29、academia.另一方面 我们的学术界也在研究What do we have in academia?学术界给我们带来了什么We have a lot of rigor, a lot of substance.我们获得了大量精确的实质内容We have datas analyzed, re-analyzed and meta-analyzed.我们将数据一而再 再而三地反复分析Things actually work, good stuff.这样做确实有效 这些知识很不错But, and there is also a very big but here,但是 这里也有一个大大的转折very
30、 few people read refereed academic journals.读学术期刊的人并不多Think about it,试想一下how many people outside this room of course在这个课堂之外 还有多少人have read the last 12 issues of读过最近十二期的The Journal of Personality and Social Psychology?人格与社会心理学杂志JPSP是美国心理学会出版的一份心理学学术月刊Most people dont even know what that means.很多人甚至都没
31、听说过这本杂志The head of my PHD programs actually estimated that我的博士课题的带头人曾经估算过the average academic journal artcial平均每篇学术期刊上的论文is read by 7 people.只有7个人读You know, and that includes the authors mother.要知道 这其中还包括作者的妈妈So, you know, I say half in jest, but it is actually really sad.我只是半开玩笑 但事实很可悲Because.因为Cer
32、tainly sad for me, as an academic.我作为学术界的一员 确实觉得很可悲Because these things are good. They are important.因为这些文章很优秀 也很重要Things can make a difference,能够产生重要的影响can make even more of difference.有着深远的意义But not accessible to most people.但却不太能为大众所接受And this is where positive psychology comes in.于是就引入了积极心理学And
33、this is also where this class comes in.这也是我们上这门课的原因The explicit mandate of positive psychology as well as of this class 积极心理学以及这门课的宗旨在于is to create a bridge between the ivory tower and the mainstreet.搭建能够沟通象牙塔和大众的桥梁In other words, it is to bring the rigor,换句话说 就是要将精确the substance, the empirical foun
34、dation,事实 经验基础the science from academia,这些源于学术界的知识结晶and merge it with the accessibility of the self-help or New Age movement,与自助运动和新时代运动相结合新时代运动是一个非宗教的西方精神的运动in the way the best of both worlds.从而两全其美And this explains the popularity of the field of positive psychology.这解释了积极心理学受欢迎的原因Science that work
35、s.因为它是一门实用科学This class will be taught on two levels.这门课程的教学分为两个阶段The first level, it will be taught like any other class in psychology第一阶段的教学同其它心理学课程or any of the classes you have taken here.或是你们在学校里上过的任何课程一样You will be introduced here to studies,我会在这里给你们上课to research,引导你们进行研究to rigorous academic wo
36、rk.向你们介绍严谨的学术工作You will be writting a paper, an academic paper.你们要写论文 学术论文You will be taking exams, just like every other class.像其它课程一样 你们也得参加考试But then it will also be taught at a second level,而第二阶段的教学是which is for every paper that youll read,你们读每一篇文章every paper that youll write,写每一篇文章时you will alw
37、ays be thinking.你们要时刻想着Okay. So how can I take these ideas and apply them to my life?我如何才能汲取这些思想并应用到生活中How can I apply them to my relationship?如何应用到我的交往中How can I apply them to my community?应用到我的社交中Two levels. The academic. Applied.两个阶段 学术阶段 应用阶段I did not just introduce,我所讲到的观点whether its in the rea
38、dings or in lectures, ideas,无论是在阅读材料中还是在讲座上提到的just because they are interesting for the sake of the idea.都不会仅仅因为他们有趣就讲Its always an idea that is both rigorous and can be applied.这些观点既严谨又实用Just a few words about the housekeeping, 再说几句题外话some of the questions that I already received from you在上课之前befor
39、e the class started.有人向我提了一些问题So this unfortunately is the last time很不幸 这将是我最后一次that Im teaching postive psychology在哈佛讲授积极心理学or any other class for that matter at Harvard.或其它任何课程了And hopefully within two years, probably not next year,希望在两年内 明年是不太可能了but within two years, 但在两年内there will be positive p
40、sychology class offered.会开设积极心理学这门课程的But I certainly can not garantee it.但我不能保证这一点About feedback and questions.关于反馈和提问If you have any question, if anything is not clear, 如果你有任何问题 任何不清楚的地方if you agree or disagree with something,如果你赞同或者反对某些观点e-mail me or e-mail your TF,你可以发邮件给我或者助教and we will always r
41、espond.我们会回答你的Sometimes, if the question is asked by enough people,有时 如果有很多人同时问一个问题we will responed to it publicly, always anonymously,我们会公开回答的 以不记名的方式unless you specify specifically that you name can be mentioned.除非你明确指出要提及你的名字Sometimes you may be listening to a lecture and then half-way through it
42、,有时 你在听课中途there is the emergency.会遇到一些突发情况Something that you really have to ask,比如不得不提问某些问题something that can not wait.或者遇到火烧眉毛的事In that case, please just put your hand up,那样的话 请你举手because, you know, its like when you just have to go to the bathroom,因为 比如像你得去洗手间这种情况just. you know, cant stop, cant wa
43、it,憋不住了 实在不能等了and when you gotta go, you gotta go.那么 你想去就去吧So we will take a positive psychology break for that,我们也会中断课程 稍作休息and just stop me half-way through and I will answer any question.直接打断我 我就会回答你的问题了All the powerpoints as well as the videos of this class will be online,课程用到的幻灯片和视频都会挂在网上will b
44、e available within a couple of days.在几天内都可以下载Well, the powerpoints will be available before幻灯片在上课之前就会给出say for this lecture, it will be before在这堂课之前给你们so that you can use them in class.这样在上课时你们就能用上它The videos, unfortunately, cannot be made available before,而视频 很可惜不能在课前给你们we tried, couldnt figure it
45、out.我们以前这样试过 但效果不好So they will be available within a day or two after.所以视频要在一两天之后才能下载And the reason why they are up there,为什么要把资料放到网上呢first of all, I do prefer that you attend the lecture.首先 我的确希望你们能来上课I do prefer that youre physically here.我希望你们能出现在课堂上You get things in the energy of the room with so many students,在课堂环境中 与其他学生一起学习that you wouldnt get just in front of your computer.而不是对着电脑自娱自乐But the reason why I do put them up is而我把它放到网上是因为so that you have an opportunity if you want to see it again你们如果想再看