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1、On Happy Teaching Method In Junior School English快乐教学法在初中英语教学中的研究AbstractDue to the shortage of English teaching method, the Happy Teaching has been applied widely, especially in junior schools. Since it is applied, it has posed a great challenge for the traditional teaching in China. Although the H
2、appy Teaching is popular with the teachers and students in China, it still has a long way to go. The author of the paper begins with the importance of English, the origin of Happy Teaching, introduces some functions of Happy Teaching, and mainly brings some advices about how to apply the Happy Teach
3、ing Method in junior English.Key Words: Happy Teaching; junior English; the traditional teaching摘要英语作为一门语言工具，在国际交流中扮演着不可替代的作用。英语的教学自然成了中国老师和学生共同关注的话题。愉快教学法在初中英语的运用受到广大师生的欢迎。愉快教学法在中国已渐渐为人们所接受,尤其在中学已得到广泛应用.本文作者从英语的重要性开始,谈到了愉快教学法的起源,作用,及愉快教学法的具体应用。关键词: 愉快教学法; 中学英语; 传统教学IntroductionAt present, the defec
4、ts of duck-feeding method have been exposed gradually. Thus, the Chinese government is trying to carry out the educational reform. Admittedly, traditional teaching does much harm to students in certain degree. In details, students in China do outperform American students in rudimentary knowledge, bu
5、t they find it hard to work out creative ideas. Therefore, a new teaching method, Happy Teaching, comes into being. Those who are not familiar with it may ask what Happy Teaching is. In short, Happy Teaching means joyful study, entertaining, educating, and enriching.“Invigorating our nation through
6、education, science and technology” is a slogan that has spread every corner in China. Being aware of the importance of education, a large number of scholars have devoted their time and energy to the course of the education. However, as the saying goes: “There is no royal road to learning.” So is edu
7、cation. Education is not a course that can be easily achieved. It is always full of challenges. Nowadays, the United States is the only super power in the world. Without doubt, English is considered as the international language to exchange information. As a citizen of a developing country, Chinese
8、particularly need to learn the advanced technology from the developed countries. Therefore, Chinese students ought to master English well to contribute to motherland. Whats more, after China enters into WTO, she is plunged into an international competition in many aspects. Thus, in order to keep pac
9、e with the world, Chinese students also ought to learn English well. As a matter of fact, English is taught as a foreign language in China. Students learn English, ranging from primary school, secondary school, and college.As for English learning, it is a headache both for teachers and students in C
10、hina. On the teachers part, they are exploring the most suitable way to teach students. On the students part, some think that pronunciation is very difficult; while others claim that grammar is much more tedious. Different people have different views. Frankly speaking, English is more complex in som
11、e aspects compared with Chinese. Just take inverted sentence structure for example; there are a lot of rules for students to remember. When and how to use it? It is very hard to understand for Chinese students, for there are no such complex inverted sentences in Chinese. As a result, Chinese student
12、s always feel puzzled at the process of learning and can not use it correctly. Especially, English is most difficult for junior students, for they are physically and emotionally immature. They can not concentrate themselves on the tedious grammar for 45 minutes and may easily lose their passion and
13、interest in English. Accordingly, reform and adjustment are needed at once.I. The Origin of Happy TeachingAs far as the origin of the Happy Teaching is concerned, it can be divided into two parts both in China and in western countries.In China, the origin of Happy Teaching can be dated back to the S
14、pring and Autumn Period. Great educator Confucius said like this “学而时习之,不亦乐乎?” “知之着不如好之者，好之者.” It suggests that learning itself is full of pleasure and students are able to obtain satisfaction in emotion. At that time, Confucius has realized that the interest of learner plays an important role in le
15、arning. And he regards the Happy Teaching as the highest rank of learning. Later, his concept of learning is succeeded and expanded by his students彦渊(Yan Yuan). “乐之入人也深，其化也”, what he means is that music has magic which can improve students spirit. And there is a famous book the old text学记. It explai
16、ns the Happy Teaching in details “道而弗牵则和，强而弗抑则易，开而弗达则思。和，易以思，可谓善于矣.” In this sentence, “和” means the harmonious relationship between teachers and students and the contradict in the process of learning should be settled properly. “易” means students do their study in a relaxed atmosphere and then they
17、 will not consider the study as a terrified channel. “思” means the mental activities in the process of learning. Teachers never answer the question directly; while only give the students a hint. Thus, students could work out the answers by themselves and get a sense o f success.In fact, the history
18、of Happy Teaching in China is quite long. In the past, “pouring-in”type of teaching dominated the educational career all the time. However, there were still some bold educators who had put forward the concept of Happy Teaching, such as王严垦(Wang Yanken). From his point of view “今教童子，必使其趋向鼓舞，中心喜悦，则其进自不
19、能已；譬之时雨春风，沾被卉木， 莫不萌动发越，自然日长月化.” Otherwise, the students would be afraid of learning and regard the school as a hell. To satisfy the students, more and more scholars are against “pouring-in” type of teaching. Among them, 梁启超(Liang Qichao)criticizes the traditional teaching strongly “必立监佐史以莅之，正襟危坐，以圈之
20、，庭内湫隘，养气不足，圈禁拘管，有如重囚， 对卷茫然，更无生趣.”He suggested that traditional teaching should be replaced by Happy Teaching at once. Owing to those educators, Happy Teaching can develop so fast. Of course, there were a lot of scholars in China who had contributed themselves to the development of Happy Teaching. He
21、re just lists a few of them.As for the history of Happy Teaching in western countries, it originated in ancient Greek. Socrates is the first person to put forward the concept of Happy Teaching in western countries. In his opinion, the work of teachers is not only confined to transmit the truth and k
22、nowledge, they should also be producer of new concepts. His mind is succeeded and expanded by his students Aristotle. From Aristotles point of view, education should be consistent with students natural development. He also gives considerable examples to show the possibility and necessity of Happy Te
23、aching. The most important contribution to the development of Happy Teaching is his musical concept. Later, with Europe entry into Renaissance, a group of humanism educators call for the nature of human beings, while abandoning religious education. As an explorer of teaching theory, Comenius expound
24、s what Happy Teaching is systematically. He criticizes the schools as slaughterhouse of talented students. He expresses his opinion on teaching in the book On Great Teaching that teaching is a wonderful art. He tries to leave more time and scope for students.At the end of nineteenth century, America
25、n scholar Lork expounds his view “Curiosity is the motive to pursue knowledge” Herbert Spencer claims “Teaching should be full of joy.” Whether the students have obtained pleasure from learning is an important criterion for teaching. In Germany, Diesterwey thinks that “the nature of teaching does no
26、t lie in teaching, but motivation” He demonstrates a series of principles of Happy Teaching. At the beginning of twentieth century, there exists several schools about concept of teaching, but they share one thing in common, that was, all of them pay much attention to Happy Teaching. Dewey argues tha
27、t teaching should be on the basis of childrens interest, for interest is the signal of certain ability. The main job of teacher is to help students find out such ability. Besides, he says “School teaching is a joint course that needs the corporation between teachers and students”. Former Soviet Unio
28、n scholar Makarova Ke expresses his idea “the most exciting thing in life is futures joy.” He divides the happiness into two levels, the lower and the higher. The lower level of happiness comes from the basic needs, while the higher level comes from the sense of satisfaction. He puts much emphasis o
29、n childrens individualism and natural development. After the World War II, with the rapid development of technology, education encounters new challenges at that time and it leads education experiment to become a hot issue then. Happy Teaching is put into practice and tested in the experiments. Sukho
30、mlin puts forward “students should enjoy the sense of success”. Teachers should try to make the students engage in learning under an ease atmosphere, feel surprised in front of truth and realize their power of wisdom during learning. He also gives some concrete instructions to teachers “Be serious o
31、f childrens curiosity and give them certain awards when they achieve a little.” The core of the Happy Teaching is that the students are willing to learn and ready to overcome the difficulties. In his opinion, optimistic attitude would bring out high spirit which is useful to study. In contrast, from
32、 the famous educator Bruners point of view, inside motivation plays the most important role in learning. Interest in material is the best motivation for students. If they find all the subjects are worthwhile to learn, they would be absorbed in it. To conclude, different people hold different view ab
33、out Happy Teaching, however, all of them accept the influence of it. The history of Happy Teaching in western countries is as long as in China. In Darwins opinion: “the fittest survive.” Without doubt, Happy Teaching is the fittest and developing day by day.II.The Causes of Happy TeachingWhen it com
34、es to Happy Teaching, the causes for it may be complex, but there are three main reasons which can account for it.A. An Outcome of Educational ReformIn China, it is well-known that students are overburdened with home assignments, crammed with a great number of intellectual facts and working blindly
35、for higher grades under an ossified teaching method. Consequently, students become tired of learning. They have nothing to do in the class but listening to the teacher carefully. Gradually, they feel tedious to attend the classes. Whats more, the relation between teachers and students are becoming m
36、ore and more intense. Nevertheless, how to change the terrible situation? Happy Teaching is the best choice. Thanks to educational reform, Happy Teaching can be paid attention. Happy Teaching is different from traditional teaching. Happy Teaching stresses on integrity and ability equally. And it is
37、aimed at making students active, enthusiastic in the class, optimistic at the future life. It is true that students are backbone of China, but there is no need to sacrifice childrens harmonious development to pursue high marks. Not long ago, the central government decreed a new law on the educationa
38、l reform, which marks the beginning of educational reform in China. It also witnesses that the Chinese educational system come to a new stage. From then on, new life is breathed into students. And they also relieve themselves of great pressure on further education. In other words, they will not blin
39、dly work for high grades any more. They can learn the knowledge and master the skills in a happy atmosphere.B. The Requirements of Students Some students may claim that children in modern society, especially those from one-child families, have already got too much love and happiness from parents. Wh
40、at they need is not happiness but hardship. However, that is a misunderstanding of Happy Teaching. Admittedly, children in modern society are materially better off and they lead a happy life. But if they are not educated scientifically, they are prone to be spoiled by affluent condition. For example
41、, they may become bad tempered or form a bad habit and so on. How to transform the affluent material life into beneficial aspects? The crucial point is teaching arts. Teachers should attract students attention. Therefore, students are willing to learn. Interest is the motive that we try to get to kn
42、ow something or devote to some activities. Obviously, Happy Teaching will make up the lack of interest and the indifference of the emotion. Besides, it will motivate their desire of acquiring knowledge and improve their sense of satisfaction. Because of the interest, students will love study from th
43、e bottom of heart. To sum up, not only the teachers call for Happy Teaching, but also the students are in need of it.C. An Inevitable Trend The reason for why Happy Teaching Method is an inevitable trend is that it is the accumulation of humans excellent experience, which can address the problem of
44、traditional teaching. Besides, Happy Teaching will be fulfilled and enriched with the development of society. Since the regain of Entrance of Examination in 1977, the purpose of education is to help the students pass the exams, so students are overburdened and they are on the verge of breakdown. Thu
45、s, reform need to be made as soon as possible. On the government part, they have already adopted educational reform. On the teachers part, they can change the way of teaching to make the class efficient. In recent years, on the basis of practice and experiment in western countries, China follows the
46、 suit and makes some obvious improvement.III.Functions of the Happy TeachingTo quote British philosopher Herbert Spencer: “Education has for its object the formation of character.” Happy Teaching does for its object the formation of character. How to demonstrate that Happy Teaching plays an importan
47、t role in education? Happy Teaching will cultivate students ability to analyze and solve the problems independently. In the past, the students rely on teachers much. Teachers tell the answers to the students directly. On the contrary, now the teachers only give certain clues to the students so that
48、the students can work out the answers by themselves. Therefore the students are able to enjoy the sense of success. Happy Teaching will help develop the ability of the students to work things out for themselves. In life, human beings are likely to encounter many difficulties. Thus the students have
49、to learn to face the setbacks bravely. In class, the teachers will set a lot of scenes for the students. How to get on well with the classmates? How to communicate with others? The students will live by themselves.Happy Teaching will foster the students ability to study on their own. The pleasure of learning is not confined to learning from textbooks, which are often too tedious. Among the pleasure of learning, we should conclude travel-with an open mind, an alert eye and a visit to understand people, other