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1、2017 年考研英语一试题及答案解析Section Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Could a hug a day keep the doctor away? The answer may be a resoundingyes!_（ 1）helping you feel close and（2）to people you
2、care about, it turnsout that hugs can bring a（3）of health benefits to your body and mind. Believeit or not, a warm embrace might even help you（ 4） getting sick this winter.In a recent study（5）over 400 healthy adults, researchers from Carnegie MellonUniversity in Pennsylvania examined the effects of
3、perceived social support and the receipt of hugs_（6）the participants susceptibility to developing the commoncold after being_（7）to the virus. People who perceived greater social supportwere less likely to come_（8）with a cold, and the researchers （9）that the stress-reducing effects of hugging （10）abo
4、ut 32 percent of that beneficial effect._（11）among those who got a cold, the ones who felt greater social support andreceived more frequent hugs had less severe（12） .Hugging protects people who are under stress from the _ （ 13）risk for coldsthats usually （14）with stress, notes Sheldon Cohen, a profe
5、ssor of psychology at Carnegie, Hugging is a marker of intimacy and help _（15） the feeling thatothers are there to help（16）difficulty.Some experts（ 17）the stress-reducing, health-related benefits of hugging to therelease of oxytocin, often called the bonding hormone_（ 18）it promotesattachment in rel
6、ationships, including that between mothers and their newborn babies. Oxytocin is made primarily in the central lower part of the brain, and some of it isreleased into the bloodstream. But some of it（ 19）in the brain, where it _（ 20）mood, behavior and physiology.1.A Besides BUnlikeC ThroughoutD Despi
7、te2.A equalB restricted C connected D inferior3.A viewB host C lessonD choice4.A avoidB forgetC recall D keep5.A collectingB affecting C guidingD involving6.A on B inC atD of7.A devoted BattractedC lostD exposed8.A alongB acrossC down D out9.A imaginedB deniedC doubtedD calculated10.A served B resto
8、redC explained D required11.A ThusB Still CRatherD Even12.A defeats Bsymptoms C errorsD tests13.A highlightedB increased C controlled D minimized14.A presented B equipped C associated D compared15.A assess B generate C moderateD record16. A in the name ofB in the form ofC in the face ofD in the way
9、of17.A attributeB commitC transferD return18.A unlessB becauseC thoughD until19.A remainsB emergesC vanishesD decreases20.A experiencesB combinesC justifiesD influencesSection Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B,
10、C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. （ 40 points） Text 1First two hours, now three hours this is how far in advance authorities are recommending people show up to catch a domestic flight, at least at some major U.S. airports with increasingly massive security lines.Americans are willing to
11、 tolerate time-consuming security protocols in return for increased safety. The crash of EgyptAir Flight 804, which terrorists may have downed over the Mediterranean Sea, provides another tragic reminder of why. But demanding too much of air travelers or providing too little security in return under
12、mines public supportfor the process. And it should: Wasted time is a drag on Americans economic and private lives, not to mention infuriating.Last year, the Transportation Security Administration(TSA) found in a secret check that undercover investigators were able to sneak weapons both fake and real
13、 past airport security nearly every time they tried. Enhanced security measures since then, combined with a rise in airline travel due to the improving economy and low oil prices, have resulted in long waits at major airports such as Chicagos OHare International. It is notyet clear how much more eff
14、ective airline security has become but the lines are obvious.Part of the issue is that the government did not anticipate the steep increase in airline travel, so the TSA is now rushing to get new screeners on the line. Part of the issue is that airports have only so much room for screening lanes. An
15、other factor may be that more people are trying to overpack their carry-on bags to avoid checked-baggage fees, though the airlines strongly dispute this.There is one step the TSA could take that would not require remodeling airports or rushing to hire: Enroll more people in the PreCheck program. Pre
16、Check is supposed to be a win-win for travelers and the TSA. Passengers who pass a background check are eligible to use expedited screening lanes. This allows the TSA to focus on travelers who are higher risk, saving time for everyone involved. TSA wants to enroll 25 million peoplein PreCheck.It has
17、 not gotten anywhere close to that, and one big reason is sticker shock: Passengers must pay $85 every five years to process their background checks. Since the beginning, this price tag has been PreChecks fatal flaw. Upcoming reforms might bring the price to a more reasonable level. But Congress sho
18、uld look into doing so directly, by helping to finance PreCheck enrollment or to cut costs in other ways.The TSA cannot continue diverting resources into underused PreCheck lanes while mostof the traveling public suffers in unnecessary lines. It is long past time to make the program work.21. The cra
19、sh of EgyptAir Flight 804 is mentioned toA explain American s tolerance of current security checks.B stress the urgency to strengthen security worldwide.C highlight the necessity of upgrading major U.S. airports.D emphasize the importance of privacy protection.22. Which of the following contributes
20、to long waits at major airports? A New restrictions on carry-on bags.B The declining efficiency of the TSA. C An increase in the number of travellers.D Frequent unexpected secret checks.23. The word “ expedited ” (Liner 4, Para. 5) is closet in meaning to A quieter.B cheaper.C wider.D faster.24. One
21、 problem with the PreCheck program is A a dramatic reduction of its scale.B its wrongly-directed implementation.C the government s reluctance to back it.D an unreasonable price for enrollment.25. Which of the following would be the best title for the text? A Less Screening for More SafetyB PreCheck
22、a Belated Solution C Getting Stuck in Security LinesD Underused PreCheck LanesText 2“ Theancient Hawaiians were astronomers, wrote” Queen Liliuokalani, Hawaiis last reigning monarch, in 1897. Star watchers were among the most esteemed members of Hawaiian society. Sadly, all is not well with astronom
23、y in Hawaii today. Protests haveerupted over construction of the Thirty Meter Telescope (TMT), a giant observatory that promises to revolutionize humanitys view of the cosmos.At issue is the TMTs planned location on Mauna Kea, a dormant volcano worshiped by some Hawaiians as the piko, that connects
24、the Hawaiian Islands to the heavens. But Mauna Kea is also home to some of the worlds most powerful telescopes. Rested in the Pacific Ocean, Mauna Keas peak rises above the bulk of our planets dense atmosphere,where conditions allow telescopes to obtain images of unsurpassed clarity.Opposition to te
25、lescopes on Mauna Kea is nothing new. A small but vocal group of Hawaiians and environmentalists have long viewed their presence as disrespect far sacred land and a painful reminder of the occupation of what was once a sovereign nation.Some blame for the current controversy belongs to astronomers. I
26、n their eagerness to build bigger telescopes, they forgot that science is not the only way of understanding the world. They did not always prioritize the protection of Mauna Keas fragile ecosystems or its holiness to the islands inhabitants. Hawaiian culture is not a relic of the past ； it is a livi
27、ng culture undergoing a renaissance today.Yet science has a cultural history, too, with roots going back to the dawn of civilization.The same curiosity to find what lies beyond the horizon that first brought early Polynesians to Hawaiis shores inspires astronomers today to explore the heavens. Calls
28、 to disassemble all telescopes on Mauna Kea or to ban future development there ignore the reality that astronomy and Hawaiian culture both seek to answer big questions about who we are, where we come from and where we are going. Perhaps that is why we explore thestarry skies, as if answering a prima
29、l calling to know ourselves and our true ancestral homes.The astronomy community is making compromises to change its use of Mauna Kea. TheTMT site was chosen to minimize the telescope s visibility aroundandtheto islandavoid archaeological and environmental impact. To limit the number of telescopes o
30、n MaunaKea, old ones will be removed at the end of their lifetimes and their sites returned to a natural state. There is no reason why everyone cannot be welcomed on Mauna Kea to embrace their cultural heritage and to study the stars.26. Queen Liliuokalani s remark in Paragraph 1 indicatesA her cons
31、ervative view on the historical role of astronomy.B the importance of astronomy in ancient Hawaiian society. Cthe regrettable decline of astronomy in ancient times.D her appreciation of star watchers feats in her time.27. Mauna Kea is deemed as an ideal astronomical site due to A its geographical fe
32、atures.B its protective surroundings. C its religious implications.D its existing infrastructure.28. The construction of the TMT is opposed by some locals partly because A it may risk ruining their intellectual life.B it reminds them of a humiliating history.C their culture will lose a chance of rev
33、ival.D they fear losing control of Mauna Kea.29. It can be inferred from Paragraph 5 that progress in today s astronomyA is fulfilling the dreams of ancient Hawaiians.B helps spread Hawaiian culture across the world.C may uncover the origin of Hawaiian culture.D will eventually soften Hawaiians host
34、ility.30. The author s attitude toward choosing Mauna Kea as the TMT site is one of A severe criticism.B passive acceptance.C slight hesitancy.D full approval.Text 3Robert F. Kennedy once said that a countrys GDP measures “ everythingexcept that which makes life worthwhile. With” Britain voting to l
35、eave the European Union, and GDP already predicted to slow as a result, it is now a timely moment to assess what he was referring to.The question of GDP and its usefulness has annoyed policymakers for over half a century.Many argue that it is a flawed concept. It measures things that do not matter a
36、nd missesthings that do. By most recent measures, the UK s GDP hasof beenthWesttheenvyrnworld, with record low unemployment and high growth figures. If everything was goingso well, then why did over 17 million people vote for Brexit, despite the warnings aboutwhat it could do to their country s econ
37、omic prospects?A recent annual study of countries and their ability to convert growth into well-being sheds some light on that question. Across the 163 countries measured, the UK is one of the poorest performers in ensuring that economic growth is translated into meaningfulimprovements for its citiz
38、ens. Rather than just focusing on GDP, over 40 different sets of criteria from health, education and civil society engagement have been measured to get a more rounded assessment of how countries are performing.While all of these countries face their own challenges, there are a number of consistentth
39、emes. Yes, there has been a budding economic recovery since the 2008 global crash,but in key indicators in areas such as health and education, major economies havecontinued to decline. Yet this isn the case with all countries. Some relativelypoorEuropean countries have seen huge improvements across
40、measures including civil society,income equality and environment.This is a lesson that rich countries can learn: When GDP is no longer regarded as the solemeasure of a country s success, the world looks very different.So what Kennedy was referring to was that while GDP has been the most common metho
41、d for measuring the economic activity of nations, as a measure, it is no longerenough. It does not include important factors such as environmental quality or education outcomes all things that contribute to a persons sense of well-being.The sharp hit to growth predicted around the world and in the U
42、K could lead to a declinein the everyday services we depend on for our well-being and for growth. But policymakers who refocus efforts on improving well-being rather than simply worrying about GDP figures could avoid the forecasted doom and may even see progress.31. Robert F. Kennedy is cited becaus
43、e he Apraised the UK for its GDP. Bidentified GDP with happiness. Cmisinterpreted the role of GDP.Dhad a low opinion of GDP.32. It can be inferred from Paragraph 2 thatAthe UK is reluctant to remold its economic pattern.Bthe UK will contribute less to the world economy.CGDP as the measure of success
44、 is widely defied in the UK.Dpolicymakers in the UK are paying less attention to GDP.33. Which of the following is true about the recent annual study? AIt excludes GDP as an indicator.BIt is sponsored by 163 countries. CIts criteria are questionable. DIts results are enlightening.34. In the last two
45、 paragraphs, the author suggests thatAthe UK is preparing for an economic boom.Bhigh GDP foreshadows an economic decline.Cit is essential to consider factors beyond GDP.Dit requires caution to handle economic issues.35. Which of the following is the best for the text?AHigh GDP But Inadequate Well-be
46、ing, a UK lesson BGDP figures, a Window on Global Economic Health C Robert F. Kennedy, a Terminator of GDPDBrexit, the UK s Gateway to-beingWellText 4In a rare unanimous ruling,the US Supreme Court has overturnedthe corruptionconviction of a former Virginia governor, Robert McDonnell. But it did so while holding