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1、.2013 江苏卷第四部分：任务型阅读（共10 小题；每小题1 分，满分10 分）请认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。注意：请将答案写在答题卡上相应题号的横线上。每个空格只填一个单词。Quiet Virtue: The ConscientiousThe everyday signs of conscientiousness ( 认真尽责 )being punctual, careful in doing work,self-disciplined,and scrupulous ( 一丝不苟的) in attending to responsibilit
2、ies are typicalcharacteristics of the model organizational citizen, the people who keep things running as theyshould. They follow the rules, help out, and are concerned about the people they work with. Itthe conscientious worker who helps newcomers or updates people who return after an absence,who g
3、ets to work on time and never abuses sick leaves, who always gets things done on deadline. Conscientiousness is a key to success in any field. In studies of job performance, outstandingeffectiveness for almost all jobs, from semi-skilled labor to sales and management, depends on conscientiousness. I
4、t is particularly important for outstanding performance in jobs at the lower levels of an organization: the secretary whose message taking is perfect, the delivery truck driverwho is always on time.Among sales representatives for a large American car manufacturer, those who were mostconscientious ha
5、d the largest volume of sales. Conscientiousness also offers a buffer(缓冲 )against the threat of job loss in today s constantly changing market, because employees with thisquality are among the most valued. For the sales representatives, their level of conscientiousness mattered almost as much as the
6、ir sales in determining who stayed on.There is an air around highly conscientious people that makes them seem even better than they actually are. Their reputation for dependability influences managers evaluations of their work, giving them higher evaluations than objective measures of their performa
7、nce would predict.But conscientiousness in the absence of social skills can lead to problems. Since conscientious people demand so much of themselves, they can hold other people to their own standards, and so be overly judgmental when others don showt the same high levels of model behavior. Factory
8、workers in Great Britain and the United States who were extremely conscientious, for example, tended to criticize co-workers even about failures that seemed unimportant to those they criticized, which damaged their relationships.When conscientiousness takes the form of living up to expectations, it
9、can discourage creativity. In creative professions like art or advertising, openness to wild ideas and spontaneity(自发性 ) are scarce and in demand. Success in such occupations calls for a balance, however; without enough conscientiousness to follow through, people become mere dreamers, with nothing t
10、o show for their imaginativeness.题型自主分析：1、原词重现（信息查找）：2、词性转换（信息加工）：3、提炼概括（信息归纳）：2012 江苏卷第四部分 : 任务型阅读 (共 10 小题 ; 每小题 1 分 ,满分 10 分 )请认真阅读下列短文,并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。注意 :请将答案写在答题卡上相应题号的横线上。每个空格只填一个单词。Happiness Advantage” EffectIn July 2010 Burt s Bees, a personal-careproducts company, was going th
11、rough enormouschange as it began a global expansion into 19 new countries. In this kind of high-pressure situation, many leaders bother their assistants with frequent meetings or flood their in-boxes with urgentdemands. In doing so, managers lift everyone s anxiety level, which activates the part of
12、 the brainthat processes threats and steals resources from the prefrontal cortex( 大脑皮层 ), which is responsible for effective problem solving.Burt s Bees -sCEO,then John Wolfgang, took a different approach. Each day, he d send outan e-mail praising a team member for work related to global marketing.
13、He d interrupt his ownpresentations to remind his managers to talk with their teams about the company values. Heasked me to furthera three-hour session with employees on happiness in the course of the.expansion effort. As one member of the senior team told me a year later, Wolfgang s emphadeveloping
14、 positive leadership kept his managers actively involved and loyal as they successfullytransformed the company into a global one.That outcome shouldnt surprise us. Research shows that when people work with a positivemind-set( 思 维 模 式 ),performance on nearly every level-productivity,creativity,involv
15、ement-improves. Yet happiness is perhaps the most misunderstood driver of performance.For one, most people believe that success comes before happiness.“ Once I get a promotion, Ihappy, ” they think. Or,“ Once I hit sales targe, I ll feel great.” But because success is atarget as soon as you hityour
16、target, you raise it again - the happiness that results fromsuccess does not last long.In fact, it works the other way around: People who have a positive mind-set perform better inthe face of challenge. I call this the “ happinessadvantage”every business outcomeshowsimprovement when the brain is pos
17、itive. Ive observed this effect in my role as a researcher andlecturer in 48 countries on the connection between employee happiness and success. And Ialone: In an analysis of225 academic studies, researchers foundstrongevidence ofcause-and-effect relationship between life satisfaction and successful
18、 business outcomes.Another common misunderstanding is that our genetics, our environment, or a combinationof the two determines howhappy we are. To be sure, both factorshave an imp act. But one sgeneral sense of well-beingis surprisingly unstable. The habits youform,the way youinteractwith colleague
19、s, how you think about stress-all these can be managed to increase your happiness and your chances of success.题型自主分析：1、原词重现（信息查找）：2、词性转换（信息加工）：3、提炼概括（信息归纳）：.2011 江苏卷第四部分：任务型阅读(共 10 小题；每小题1 分，满分 10 分 )请认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。注意：请将答案写在答题卡上相应题号的横线上。每个空格只填1 个单词。When Should a Leader Apolog
20、ize and When Not?Why Difficult?When we wrong someone we know, even not intentionally,we are generally expected toapologize so as to improve the situation. But when we re acting as leaders, the circumstances aredifferent. The act of apology is carried out not merely at the level of the individual but
21、 also at thelevel of the institution.It is a performance in which every expression matters and every wordbecomes part of the public record. Refusingto apologize can be smart, or it can be stupid. So,readiness to apologizecan be seen as a sign of strong character or as a sign of weakness. Asuccessful
22、 apology can turn hate into personal and organizational harmony while an apology thatis too little, too late, or too obviously strategic can bring on individual and institutional ruin. What,then, is to be done? How can leaders decide if and when to apologize publicly?Why Now?The question of whether
23、leaders should apologize publiclyhas never been more urgent.During the last decade or so, the UnitedStates in particularhas developed an apologyculture apologies of all kinds and for all sorts of wrongdoings are made far more frequently than before. More newspaper writers have written about the grow
24、ing importance of public apologies. More articles, cartoons, advice columns, and radio and television programs have similarly dealt with the subject of private apologies.Why Bother?Why do we apologize? Why do we ever put ourselves in situations likelyto be difficult,embarrassing, and even risky? Lea
25、ders who apologize publicly could be an easy target. They are expected to appear strong and capable. And whenever they make public statements of any kind,their individual and institutional reputations are in danger. Clearly, then, leaders should not apologize often or lightly. For a leader to expres
26、s apology, there needs to be a good, strong reason. Leaders will publicly apologize if and when they think the costs of doing so are lower than the costs of not doing so.Why Refuse?Why is it that leaders so often refuse to apologize, even when a public apology seems to be inorder? Their reasons can
27、be individualor institutional.Because leaders are public figures,theirapologies are likelyto be personally uncomfortable and even professionally risky.Leaders mayalso be afraid that the admission of a mistake will damage or destroy the organization for which they are responsible. There can be good r
28、easons for hanging tough in tough situations, as we shall see, but it is a high-risk strategy.题型自主分析：1、原词重现（信息查找）：2、词性转换（信息加工）：3、提炼概括（信息归纳）：.2010 江苏卷第四部分：任务型阅读(共 10 小题；每小题1 分，满分10 分 )请认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。注意：请将答案写在答题卡上相应题号的横线上。每个空格只填1 个单词。For more than twentyyears scientists have be
29、en seeking to understand the mystery ofthe sixth senseof directionBy trying out ideas and solving problems one by one ， they are nowgetting closer to one answerOne funny idea is that animals might have a built-in compass( 指南针 ) Our earth itself is a big magnet( 磁体 ) So a little magnetic needle that
30、swings freely lines itself with the big earth magnet to point north and south When people discovered that idea about a thousand years ago and invented the compass， it allowed sailors to navigate (航海 )on oceanvoyages, even under cloudy skies.Actually the idea of the living compass came just from obse
31、rving animals in natureMany birds migrate twice a year between their summer homes and winter homes Some ofthem fly for thousands of kilometers and mostly at nightExperiments have shown that some birdscan recognize star patternsBut they can keep on course even under cloudy skies How can theydo that?A
32、 common bird that does not migrate but is great at findingits way home is the homingpigeonNot all pigeons can find their way home Those that can are very good at it ，and they havebeen widely studied One interesting experiment was to attach little magnets to the birdsheads to block theirmagnetic sens
33、e just as a loud radio can keep you from hearing a call to dinner On sunny days,that did not fool the pigeons Evidently they can use the sun to tell which way they are going But on cloudy days ， the pigeons with magnets could not find their way It was as if the magnets had blocked their magnetic sen
34、se Similar experiments with the same kind of results were done with honeybees These insects also seem to have a special sense of directionIn spite of the experiments ，the idea of an animal compass seemed pretty extraordinary How would an animal get the magnetic stuff for a compass ？An answer came fr
35、om an unexpected sourceA scientist was studying bacteria that live in themud of ponds and marshes He found accidentally little rod-like bacteria that all swam together in one direction north Further study showed that each little bacterium had a chain of dense particles inside ， which proved magnetic
36、 The bacteria had made themselves into little magnets that could line up with the earth s magnetThe big news was that a living thing ，even a simple bacterium ，can make magnetiteThat led to a search to see whether animals might have it. By using a special instrument called magnetometer，scientists wer
37、e able to find magnetite in bees and birds ，and even in fish In each animal， except for the beethe magnetic stuff was always in or closer to the brain Thus the idea of a built in animal compass began to seem reasonable.Passage outlineThe existence of the earth magnet and the invention of the navigat
38、ing compass The possibility of birds built-in compassesThe(75)onpigeons and bees built-in compassesThe(78)ofthe magnetic stuff for the animal compassThe Magnetic Sense The Living Compass Supporting details Our earth is a big magnet and a little freely (71)magnetic needlelines itself with the earth m
39、agnet to point north and south. (72)on the idea above, the navigating compass was invented. One piece of evidence is the (73)of many birds between theirsummer homes and winter homes. Birds can recognize star patterns on clear nights and keep on course(74)under cloudy skies Little magnets were tied t
40、o the pige ons heads to (76)theirmagnetic sense. The pigeons magnetic sense seemed to be affected on(77) days. Similar things with the same results were done with bees. Little rod-like bacteria were found by chance to swim together in thedirection of (79). Some animals had a chain of dense magnetic
41、particles in or close to the(80)inside their bodies.题型自主分析：1、原词重现（信息查找）：2、词性转换（信息加工）：3、提炼概括（信息归纳）：.2009 江苏卷第四部分：任务型阅读（共10 小题；每小题l 分，满分l0 分）请认真阅读下列短文, 并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。注意：每个空格只填1 个单词。请将答案写在答题卡上相应题号的横线上。Communication PrinciplesHowyou see yourself can make a great differenceinhowyoucommunic
42、ate “ Everyindividualexistsin a continuallychanging worldof experience ofwhich he（orshe） isthecenter ”Many communication scholars and social scientists believe that people are products ofhow others treat them and of the messages others send them But every day we experience thecentrality of our selve
43、s in communication A student for instance，may describe a conflict with ateacher as unfair treatment ： “ I know my teacher doesn t like the fact that I don t agree with hisopinions and that s why he gave me such a poor grade in that class” The teacher might say theopposite Each person may believe that he is correct and that the other person s