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1、专业英语考试复习资料专业八级分类模拟229专业英语考试复习资料专业八级分类模拟229专业八级分类模拟229LISTENING COMPREHENSION In this section you will hear ONE interview. The interview will be divided into TWO parts. At the end of each part, five questions will be asked about what was said. Both the interview and the questions will be spoken ONCE
2、ONLY. After each question there will be a ten-second pause. During the pause, you should read the four choices A, B, C and D, and mark the best answer to each question on ANSWER SHEET TWO. (如需获取本MP3听力录音请搜索标题名) 1.A.What to encounter in the US.B.How to play sports in the US.C.How to avoid psychologica
3、l shock.D.How to handle cultural differences.答案:D听力原文 M: Im Will Arditti, and this week were going to talk about what students coming to study in the US can do to avoid culture shock in the classroom. We invite Susan Iannuzzi. Shes an international consultant in English language teaching who lives i
4、n Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Hi, Susan. Welcome. W: Thanks. M: So tell me what you did about it. W: Well, actually, one of the things that we did at the University of Pittsburgh was that we used the sports equivalence, which, you know, is not something we came up with. Its the three conversational st
5、yles of, say, bowling, rugby and basketball. So, for example, the bowling style. That would be considered something perhaps highly considerate, which means that people from those countries would use a style where they would take turns and they would, you know, hold back if theyre a junior person and
6、 allow the older person or the more senior person to speak first. And then when they are asked for their opinion they would jump in. M: Just like you would take turns in a bowling game. W: Exactly. You go and roll and Ill wait for you, and now its my turn, and everybody knows that there are going to
7、 be turns. M: So thats the high-considerate model. W: Yes. Then theres, you know, the rugby style, which might be the other end. And this is high-involvement. And in this style youre expected to interrupt other people and the other people are fine with that, they expect to be interrupted. So theres
8、a sort of rapid changing of topic, changing of speakers and overlapping of speech. This is a style thats common in southern Europe, in African cultures, in cultures of Latin America, many voices happening at one time. Its also a style in Russia and Greece. M: And then the basketball model? W: Well,
9、the basketball model is a little bit closer to what we have here. So think about it as if youre playing basketball. Youre carrying out the conversation, youre just going along. And when you hesitate, other people see that as an opportunity to jump in and steal the ball, to steal the conversation awa
10、y. Not in a bad way, just as Oh, its my turn now. What is the interview mainly about? 本题设题点在对话陈述处。根据听力原文可知，本次采访的内容是怎样避免文化冲击，因此D为答案。 2.A.Bowling style.B.Rugby style.C.Basketball style.D.NBA style.答案:A听力原文 What kind of conversation style do people take turns to give opinions? 本题设题点在举例处。根据听力原文可知，在保龄球式风
11、格的讨论中，人们会轮流发言，因此A为答案。 3.A.Take turns to speak.B.Interrupt other people.C.Remain silent unless spoken to.D.Get offended when interrupted.答案:B听力原文 What are you likely to do when you are engaged in rugby-style conversation? 本题设题点在对话问答处。根据听力原文可知，橄榄球式的讨论风格会打断他人的谈话，而他人也不会介意，话题和说话人转换迅速，谈话会发生交叉，因此答案为B。 4.A.
12、Southern Europe.B.Northern Europe.C.African cultures.D.Latin America.答案:B听力原文 Which of the following do/does NOT often use the rugby style of conversation? 本题设题点在举例处。根据听力原文可知，橄榄球式的讨论风格在欧洲南部、非洲以及拉美的文化和俄罗斯以及希腊文化中很常见，所以答案为B。 5.A.Very casual style.B.Politely wait for ones turn to speak.C.Interrupt other
13、 people regardless of the circumstances.D.Grasp available opportunities to jump in conversation.答案:D听力原文 According to Susan Iannuzzi, what may be the conversation style in the US? 本题设题点在对话问答处。根据听力原文可知，美国的讨论风格是听者在发现说话机会时会快速地进入讨论，并以打篮球进行比喻，因此答案为D。 (如需获取本MP3听力录音请搜索标题名) 6.A.Because it is rude to do so.B
14、.Because it may cause trouble.C.Because it is inconsiderate to do so.D.Because their conversation style may not reflect their personalities.答案:D听力原文 M: So what would you recommend, what practical things would you recommend for someone whos coming into this country and who really knows nothing about
15、these styles that youre talking about? W: Well, you know, if theyre in an English language learning situation, I think its really helpful for them to realize that the other people that are there learning with them may come from different styles, so not to make judgments about them, you know, as Oh ,
16、 youre rude or Youre inconsiderate or Youre just very quiet and you never say anything. Because these things may not be someones true personality. They may just be the conversation style that theyre accustomed to. M: Yeah. W: So, first of all, awareness, I think, is the number one thing. It also hel
17、ps if the instructors point these things out to people, because its not something that most of us are going to reflect on in our own lives, think about, well, how do I interact in a conversation? I dont know what I do, I just do it. M: Youre saying that the basketball model tends to be maybe more th
18、e traditional style in the US classroom. But is that always the case? W: You know, the dynamic of each class is different. I know that in, for example, the MBA schools, the students are expected to do a lot of project work, so the professors may not be as involved in directing classroom interaction.
19、 There may be a lot of times when the students are working amongst themselves. I would imagine in teacher-led classes that this dynamic is much more apparent. I personally remember an instructor, I cant remember where this professor was from, but the topic of the class just seemed to change constant
20、ly, as if, you know, And now were going to talk about something completely different. It made for, you know, a challenging time in taking notes. M: And then there are the challenges of everyday language. Even a common way that Americans avoid confusion when spelling a name out loud can be confusing
21、if youre not familiar with it. W: I remember a physician who had, you know, very good written English. He was used to writing papers and he could even present very well because he had presented at international conferences. But when he went to set up phone service, and he was telling them My last na
22、me starts with T and they would say T like table? he said No, Im not a table. I dont need a table. Its T. And he didnt understand that they were using this strategy, this device of associating, you know, first letter of your name with a common object so that we make sure that we write a T instead of
23、 a D. M: Susan Iannuzzi is a consultant on English language teaching who also writes textbooks. And thats all for our interview. Thanks for coming, Susan. Goodbye. W: My pleasure. Goodbye. According to Susan Iannuzzi, why should we avoid judging other peoples conversation style? 本题设题点在对话问答处。根据听力原文可知
24、，不要评判别人谈话风格的原因是：这样的风格并不是说话人性格的体现，只是他们的文化习惯而已，因此答案为D。 7.A.It may help enhance ones awareness of cultural differences.B.It may help one gain a command of language use.C.It may help one improve his speaking skills.D.It may help one get along well with his fellow students.答案:A听力原文 According to Susan Ian
25、nuzzi, why should the instructors point out the style differences in conversation ? 本题设题点在对话问答处。根据听力原文可知，教师指出谈话风格的不同是有益处的，因为这一点并不是学生通常会考虑到的问题，这有助于提升他们对文化差异的认识，因此正确答案为A。 8.A.To show that students have to do a lot of project work.B.To show that the basketball style is not always apparent.C.To show tha
26、t it is difficult for students to take notes.D.To show MBA classes are mostly teacher-led classes.答案:B听力原文 Why does the interviewee mention the MBA schools? 本题设题点在举例处。根据听力原文可知，MBA学校的机制与一般学校不同，在教师主导的课堂中，这种篮球式风格会更明显。这里暗示篮球风格并非在所有情况下都明显，因此答案为B。 9.A.They tend to be more goal-oriented.B.There is likely t
27、o be more work.C.They tend to be more dynamic in conversation.D.Teachers may lose control of the class.答案:C听力原文 What can we know about Susan Iannuzzis opinion of teacher-led classes? 本题设题点在对话问答处。根据听力原文可知，由教师主导的课堂讨论动态性更加明显，话题会发生变化，因此答案为C。 10.A.To make sure the letter is T instead of D.B.To tell the p
28、hysician he needs a table.C.To indicate the physician is like a table.D.To make fun of the physician.答案:A听力原文 What do Americans mean by saying I like table? in the example? 本题设题点在转折处。根据听力原文可知，他们说I like table的目的是将名字的第一个字母与一个常见物体相关联，以明确所说的字母是T而不是D，因此答案为A。 (如需获取本MP3听力录音请搜索标题名) 11.A.Mechanical operation
29、 of the body.B.Absence of disease or illness.C.Physical, mental and social well-being.D.Well-connected social status.答案:B听力原文 W: I am talking to Richard Johnson, an official of WHO, the World Health Organization. Today he will talk with us about the change of peoples understanding of health. Hello,
30、Richard. M: Hello. W: Now, Richard, the concept of health has been changing all the time. And different people and groups hold different opinions towards it. Would you mind telling us the original concept of health? M: Of course not. Health has long been viewed in the physical sense only. That is, g
31、ood health has been connected to the smooth mechanical operation of body, while ill health has been attributed to a breakdown in this machine. In this sense, health has been defined as the absence of disease or illness and is seen in medical terms. Therefore, creating health for people means providi
32、ng medical care to treat or prevent disease and illness. W: Then what was the emphasis of the work of the WHO during that period? M: Well, the emphasis was of course on providing clean water, improved sanitation and housing. W: I see. When did the concept begin to change? M: In the late 1940s, the W
33、HO challenged this physically and medically oriented view of health. They stated that health was a complete state of physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease. The mind, body and spirit of a person were seen holistically. W: How long did this concept last? M: It la
34、sted until the 1970s. At that time, people focused their attention on the prevention of disease and illness by emphasizing the importance of the lifestyle and behavior of the individuals. Specific behaviors which were seen to increase risk of disease, such as smoking, lack of fitness and unhealthy e
35、ating habits, were targeted. Creating health meant providing not only medical health care, but health promotion programs and policies which would help people maintain healthy behavior and lifestyles. W: It sounds reasonable. It must have been beneficial to people. M: Unfortunately, not. W: But why?
36、M: You see, this individualistic healthy lifestyles approach did help the wealthy members of the society. But the majority were people experiencing poverty, unemployment or little control over the conditions of their daily lives. How could people afford the program if they lived under unfavorable so
37、cial and environmental factors? According to Richard, what was the traditional idea of health? 本题设题点在定义解释处。根据听力原文可知，最初人们仅从医学的角度认为没有疾病就是健康，因此答案为B。 12.A.To improve mental health.B.To promote universal health care.C.To provide clean water.D.To establish wholesome social relationship.答案:C听力原文 Which of t
38、he following was among the focuses of the WHO before the 1940s? 本题设题点在对话问答处。根据听力原文可知，在20世纪40年代以前，WHO的工作重点是提供清洁饮水，改善卫生条件和住房条件，因此答案为C。 13.A.In the late 1940s.B.In the 1970s.C.In the 1980s.D.In the 1990s.答案:A听力原文 When did the WHO define health in terms of the holistic operation of a persons mind, body
39、and spirit? 本题设题点在时间处。根据听力原文可知，在20世纪40年代末，世界卫生组织从人的身体、心智、社交圈子等出发，从整体上重新定义了健康，因此答案为A。 14.A.Emphasizing the importance of lifestyle.B.Drinking clean water.C.Obtaining health care.D.Hiring private doctor.答案:A听力原文 Which of the following was among the health trend in the 1970s? 本题设题点在对话问答处。根据听力原文可知，人们在20
40、世纪70年代的关注点是强调生活方式和个人行为以预防疾病，因此答案为A。 15.A.Supportive.B.Prejudiced.C.Negative.D.Confused.答案:C听力原文 What attitude does Richard hold toward individualistic lifestyles approach? 本题设题点在观点态度处。访谈中提到在20世纪70年代，人们开始推行health promotion programs and policies，但被问及这些项目是否有用时，受访者说：Unfortunately, not.根据听力原文可知，原因在于这种方式对
41、于大多数日常生活都得不到保障的人来说是行不通的，所以受访者对这种生活方式是持否定态度的，因此答案为C。 (如需获取本MP3听力录音请搜索标题名) 16.A.Society.B.Gender.C.Economy.D.Environment.答案:B听力原文 W: Im beginning to see your point. A single lifestyle decides nothing if not integrated with a good environment. M: Thats right. So during the 1980s and 1990s, there has be
42、en a growing swing away from seeing lifestyle risks as the root cause of poor health. While lifestyle factors still remain important, health is being viewed also in terms of the social, economic and environmental contexts in which people live. W: This is a new concept of health. And I heard its call
43、ed the socio-ecological view, isnt it? M: Yes. In 1986,representatives from 38 countries gathered in Ottawa, Canada, to hold the first International Conference of Health Promotion. It was at that conference that the broad socio-ecological view of health was endorsed. W: What were the details of the
44、endorsement? M: Well, the representatives declared that the fundamental conditions and resources for health are peace, shelter, education, food, a viable income, a stable ecosystem, sustainable resources, social justice and equity. Moreover, improvement in health requires a secure foundation in thes
45、e basic requirements. From this statement, we can find that the creation of health is about much more than encouraging healthy individual behaviors and lifestyles and providing appropriate medical care. It must include addressing such issues as poverty, pollution, urbanization, natural resource depl
46、etion, social alienation and poor working conditions. W: Oh, I see. But how are they affecting health? M: They do not operate separately. Rather they are interacting and interdependent. The complex interrelationships between them determine the conditions that promote health. A broad socio-ecological
47、 view of health suggests that the promotion of health must include a strong social, economic and environmental focus. W: Thats right. M: As we all know, good health is a major source for social, economic and personal development and an important dimension of quality of life. Political, economic, social, cultural, environmental, behavioral and biological factors can all favor