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1、专业英语考试复习资料专业八级分类模拟208专业英语考试复习资料专业八级分类模拟208专业八级分类模拟208LISTENING COMPREHENSIONSECTION A MINI-LECTUREIn this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the mini-lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening to the mini-lecture, please complete the gap-filling task with NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each g
2、ap. Make sure the word(s) you fill in is (are) both grammatically and semantically acceptable. You may use the blank sheet for note-taking. You have THIRTY seconds to preview the gap-filling task. Now listen to the mini-lecture. When it is over, you will be given THREE minutes to check your work. Sh
3、ort Story . Three forms of fictionshort story, novella, and novel. . 1 of the short story: A. Setting - time: present day - settings of place: vary from 2 B. Conflict - 3 : between protagonist and antagonist - internal: between protagonist and 4 C. Character - 5 : aggressive businessmen; lonely hous
4、ewives - archetypal characters: rebels, the scapegoats, etc. D. 6 - often confused with 7 - some major themes of 20th-century: e.g. 8 , alienation, and personal trauma, etc. . The art of the short story A. 9 : i.e. omniscient; the first person; central intelligence, etc. B. style: careful 10 of word
5、s, sentences, and paragraphs to produce a specific effect on the reader C. 11 : - 12 : including a beginning, middle and an end - other plots: flashbacks, flash-forwards, etc. D. 13 : - purposes: for 14 - e.g. paradox, metaphor, 15 , repeated motifs, symbolism, irony, etc. . Conclusion (如需获取本MP3听力录音
6、请搜索标题名) 1.答案:(Basic)Elements听力原文 Short Story Good morning. Today, we shall talk about an important and interesting literary styleshort story, which is fictional work depicting one characters inner conflict or conflict with others, usually having one thematic focus. Short stories generally produce a
7、single, focused emotional and intellectual response in the reader. Novels, by contrast, usually depict conflicts among many characters developed through a variety of episodes, stimulating a complexity of responses in the reader. The short story form ranges from short shorts, which run in length from
8、 a sentence to four pages, to novellas that can easily be 100 pages long and exhibit characteristics of both the short story and the novel. Because some works straddle the definitional lines of these three forms of fictionshort story, novella, and novelthe terms should be regarded as approximate rat
9、her than absolute. First, we need to learn the elements of the short story. The basic elements of the short story include setting, including time and place, conflict, character, and theme. Most stories are set in present day, but settings of place vary from rural to urban. The reader follows the mai
10、n character or protagonist in a conflict with another character or antagonist or in an internal conflict with his own antagonistic psychological or spiritual force. Characters range from familiar stereotypes, such as the aggressive businessman and the lonely housewife, to archetypal characters, such
11、 as the rebel, the scapegoat, the alter ego, and those engaged in some sort of search. The subject of a short story is often mistaken for its theme. Common subjects for modem short fiction include race, ethnic status, gender, class, and social issues such as poverty, drugs, violence, and divorce. Th
12、ese subjects allow the writer to comment upon the larger theme that is the heart of the fictional work. Some of the major themes of 20th-century short stories, as well as longer forms of fiction, are human isolation, alienation, and personal trauma, such as anxiety; love and hate; male-female relati
13、onships; family and the conflict of generations; mortality; spiritual struggles; and even the relationship between life and art. Secondly, we shall come to find out a way to appreciate the art of the short story. The art of the short story employs the techniques of point of view, style, plot and str
14、ucture, and a wide range of devices that stimulate emotional, imaginative, and intellectual responses in the reader. The writers choice and control of these techniques determines the readers overall experience. Lets analyze these techniques one by one. Whats point of view? The three basic point-of-v
15、iew techniques are omniscient, or the authors point of view, first personthe author lets one of his characters narrate, and central intelligencethe author filters the narrative through the perceptions of a single character. A seldom-used point-of-view technique is the objectivethe author poses as a
16、purely objective observer, never giving the reader access to a characters thoughts. Then, what does style mean? Style is the authors careful choice of words and arrangement of words, sentences, and paragraphs to produce a specific effect on the reader. An authors style evolves out of the chosen poin
17、t-of-view technique. The omniscient point of view produces a relatively complex style; the first-person point of view results in a simple style if it is recorded as spoken, more complex if written; and central intelligence generates a style that typically is slightly elevated above the intelligence
18、level of the focal character. The simple, economical style of American Ernest Hemingway and his selection of images reveal subtle shifts in his characters psychological states. Hemingways style was particularly effective first-person narration. In the following session, we shall talk about plot and
19、structure. There is a wide range of plot forms and structures found in the short story. A traditional plot has a beginning (introduction of the problem), middle (development of the problem), and an end (resolution of the problem). Some writers venture into less predictable plots, which might even se
20、em to be plotless. Some authors complicate the structure of their plots with the use of flashbacks and flash-forwards; with a frame of a story within a story; or with subplots or double plots which means two or more equally important narratives progressing simultaneously. Besides, another unique tec
21、hnique called deliberate ambiguity or open-endedness is a plot feature found in many modem stories. The surprise endings of French author Guy de Maupassant, as in his 1884 story The Necklace, influenced many commercial writers but also some literary ones. At the turn of the century, American author
22、O. Henry became famous for his paradoxical style and surprise endings, such as in A Gift of the Magi. To conclude the art of the short story, we must pay due attention to rhetorical devices. Writers employ a wide range of rhetorical devices for contrast and emphasis, including paradox, metaphor, pat
23、terns of imagery, repeated motifs, symbolism, and irony. The power of Katherine Anne Porters Flowering Judas derives in part from her overt use of symbolism. Irony provides the reader with a contrast between reality and the fallibility of human perception, which is at the heart of most modem fiction
24、. American writer Flannery OConnor is a master of irony, as in the story A Good Man ls Hard to Find in which a manipulative grandmother imposes her will on a situation, with the ironic result that she and her family are killed by escaped convicts. To sum up, in todays lecture, we mainly focus on one
25、 literary stylethe short story, and further elaborate on its basic elements and writing art. The basic elements of the short story include setting, conflict, character, and theme. The art of the short story employs the techniques of point of view, style, plot and structure, and a wide range of devic
26、es. So the writers choice and control of these techniques determines the quality of his or her short story. 解析 要点题。可通过讲座原文First, we need to learn the elements of the short story. 得出答案，这里的关键词是elements元素，因此答案可以是(Basic)Elements。2.答案:rural to urban解析 细节题。讲座中提到：Most stories are set in present day, but se
27、ttings of place vary from rural to urban. 也就是说小说的场景可以是乡村也可以是城市，因此答案为rural to urban。3.答案:external解析 推断题。讲座中提到：The reader follows the main character or protagonist in a conflict with another character or antagonist or in an internal conflict with his own antagonistic psychological or spiritual force.
28、可见短篇小说体现的矛盾冲突不仅指人物之间的矛盾冲突，也指人物内心的矛盾冲突，因此相对于小说主人公来讲，与对手的矛盾应归属于外部冲突。4.答案:his psychological/spiritual force解析 细节题。讲座中有关小说人物内部矛盾是指人物与其对立的心理/精神力量之间的冲突：.in an internal conflict with his own antagonistic psychological or spiritual force. 因此答案为his psychological/spiritual force。5.答案:familiar stereotypes解析 细节
29、题。根据讲座原文Characters range from familiar stereotypes.to archetypal characters.就可得出答案。6.答案:Theme解析 要点题。讲座的第一部分主要列举了短篇小说的四大写作要素，其中第四点也就是最后一点就是小说的主题theme。7.答案:subject解析 细节题。讲座原文提到theme非常容易与subject相混淆：The subject of a short story is often mistaken for its theme. Common subjects for modem short fiction inc
30、lude race, ethnic status, gender, class, and social issues such as poverty, drugs, violence, and divorce.8.答案:human isolation解析 细节题。讲座中提到二十世纪小说创作的主题包括了人的疏离：Some of the major themes of 20th-century short stories, as well as longer forms of fiction, are human isolation, alienation, and personal trauma
31、.因此答案为human isolation。9.答案:point of view解析 要点题。讲座提到小说撰写的几种视角：Whats point of view? The three basic point-of-view techniques are omniscient, or the authors point of view.填空题相应空格后的内容就是几种视角的具体信息，因此空格内需要填入point of view。10.答案:choice and arrangement解析 细节题。讲座中提到：Then, what does style mean? Style is the auth
32、ors careful choice of words and arrangement of words, sentences, and paragraphs to produce a specific effect on the reader. 此题中choice(选择)和arrangement(排列)都是关键词，缺一不可。11.答案:plot and structure解析 归总题。其实讲座原文已经提到了这部分内容的归纳词：In the following session, we shall talk about plot and structure. There is a wide ra
33、nge of plot forms and structures found in the short story. 因此可以从中得出答案为plot and structure。12.答案:traditional plot解析 细节题。讲座中提到传统小说的情节由故事开篇、故事发展与故事结尾构成：A traditional plot has a beginning (introduction of the problem), middle (development of the problem), and an end(resolution of the problem). 因此答案为tradi
34、tional plot。13.答案:rhetorical devices解析 要点题。讲座中有关小说艺术性部分的最后一点就是作者在撰写小说时使用的修辞手法：To conclude the art of the short story, we must pay due attention to rhetorical devices. 因此答案为rhetorical devices。14.答案: contrast and emphasis解析 细节题。讲座中有关小说艺术性部分的最后提到作者使用修辞手段的目的是为了对比和强调：Writers employ a wide range of rhetor
35、ical devices for contrast and emphasis，因此答案是contrast and emphasis。15.答案: patterns of imagery解析 细节题。根据讲座相关内容“.including paradox, metaphor, patterns of imagery, repeated motifs, symbolism, and irony. ”可以直接得出答案是patterns of imagery。SECTION B CONVERSATIONIn this section you will hear ONE conversation. Th
36、e conversation will be divided into TWO parts. At the end of each part, five questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken ONCE ONLY. After each question there will be a ten-second pause. During the pause, you should read the four choices of A, B
37、, C and D, and mark the best answer to each question. You have THIRTY seconds to preview the questions. (如需获取本MP3听力录音请搜索标题名) 1.A.They are family members.B.They are classmates.C.They are friends.D.They are lovers.答案:B听力原文 S: Hi, Jason. J: Hi, Sue. Its Friday again. Anything particular you want to do
38、at the weekend? S: I have to finish the assignment of my economics course. I am supposed to discuss rational choice models in 3,000 words and give a presentation next Monday. J: 3,000 words is not a big deal. Ive already finished mine. S: You are fast! How could you finish reading and writing in onl
39、y one week? I spent the whole week reading. Its all so interesting and I want to read more and there just isnt the time for writing. The problem is not I cannot write 3,000 words, but I cant cover the topic in this limit. I could write a book on it, in fact, several people have. How am I supposed to
40、 cover it in 3,000 words? J: Well Sue, remember its just an undergraduate essay. Youre only supposed to demonstrate that you understand the concept, not apply it or anything. S: I see what you mean. I should just describe some models and make some comments. J: Thats it. S: In that case, I will try t
41、o finish it tomorrow. What about you? How do you plan to spend the weekend? J: Nothing particular in mind. Maybe tonight Ill go to a pub with some friends for happy hour. You know, drinks are half price at weekends. And I dont have to get up very early tomorrow. Saturday morning, thats the time for
42、washing my car, doing the laundry and then going out for brunch. S: Thats breakfast and lunch combined, right? J: Yes. You can spend two hours or more over brunch. Its a huge meal. You can have all the breakfast things, as well as all sorts of lunch things, such as salads, chicken, pies and fruit. I
43、ts not expensive. You just pay seven pounds per person. For that you can eat as much as you like. Its a good time for all the family. S: Oh, thats sounds good. Then how about Sunday? J: On Sunday I have a lot of newspapers to read. I will sit in the garden with a continental breakfast, and read the
44、Sunday newspapers as usual. S: Will you do any sports in the afternoon? J: Not really in such hot weather. Maybe I will go to a club to play chess with some friends. I love the game very much. What is the possible relationship between the two speakers? 解析 信息题。询问身份。在对话的开头Sue说：I have to finish the ass
45、ignment of my economics course. 然后Jason回答：3,000 words is not a big deal. Ive already finished mine. 涉及写作业问题，由此可见两人是同学关系，选项B正确。2.A.Next Monday.B.Next Wednesday.C.Next Thursday.D.Next Friday.答案:A听力原文 When should Sue give a presentation? 解析 信息题。录音一开头Sue就提到I am supposed to discuss rational choice models
46、 in 3,000 words and give a presentation next Monday. 所以A下周一是Sue做演讲的时间。3.A.She cant find an appropriate topic.B.She cant find enough reference material.C.She cant finish it in as few as 3,000 words.D.She cant finish it in as many as 3,000 words.答案:C听力原文 What is Sues main problem of her assignment? 解析
47、 推理判断题。选项A指她找不到合适的话题；选项B是她找不到足够的参考资料；选项C指3000字太少了，她无法表达清楚自己的意思；选项D指3000字太多了，她写不了那么多。首先，该作业的题目是教授已经定下来的“rational choice models”，不存在让学生自己选题的问题，所以选项A错误。当Sue阐述无法完成作业的原因时，她说道：I spent the whole week reading. Its all so interesting and I want to read more and there just isnt the time for writing. 表明有关这一题目的材料太多了，她都看不过来，所以排除选项B。Sue接下来又说：The problem is not