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1、初三专题复习 名词考点直击：1可数名词和不可数名词的用法2名词所有格的构成及用法3近义名词的辨析。一、名词的数 ：1可数名词单数变复数的基本方法？1. heroheroes，potatopotatoes，tomatotomatoes,negronegroe2.以f或fe结尾的词，多数变f为v再加-es，例如：knifeknives，leafleaves, halfhalves。3.少数名词有不规则的复数形式，例如：manmen，womanwomen，toothteeth，footfeet，childchildren，mousemice。【注意】与man和woman构成的合成词，其复数形式也是-
2、men和-women。例如：an Englishman，two Englishmen。但German不是合成词，故复数形式为 Germans；man, woman等作定语时，它的单复数以其所修饰的名词的单复数而定，如：menworkers， women teachers。4.有个别名词单复数一样，例如：Chinese，Japanese，sheep，deer，fish等。但当fish表示不同种类的鱼时，可以加复数词尾。5.单数形式但其意为复数的名词有：people, police等。6.数词+名词作定语时，这个名词一般保留单数形式，中间加连字符。例如：ten-minutes walk, an 8
3、-year-old girl, a ten-mile walk。7.还有些名词仅有复数形式，如：trousers，clothes，chopsticks，glasses，goods2不可数名词“量”的表示方法（1）用much, a little, a lot of/lots of, some, any等表示多少，例如：The rich man has a lot of money不可数名词也可用这类词修饰。（2）用a piece of ，a bottle of, a cup of这类定语,如果要表示“两杯茶”、“四张纸”这类概念时，在容器后加复数，例如:two cups of tea,four
4、pieces of paper,three glasses of water二、名词的所有格 名词所有格，用来表示人或物的所有，以及领属关系。1. 表示有生命的名词的所有格其单数形式是加 s,其复数形式是s，例如：a students room, students rooms, fathers shoes。2. 如其结尾不是s的复数形式仍加 s，如：Childrens Day。3. 在表示时间、距离、长度、重量、价格、世界、国家等名词的所有格要用 s，例如：a twenty minutes walk，ten miles journey，a boats length，two pounds wei
5、ght, ten dollars worth。4. 无生命名词的所有格则必须用of结构，例如：a map of China，the end of this term，the capital of our country, the color of the flowers。5. 双重所有格，例如：a friend of my fathers。【注意】如果两个名词并列，并且分别有 s，则表示“分别有”，例如：Johns and Marys rooms（约翰和玛丽各有一间，共两间）；Toms and Marys bikes（两人各自的自行车）。两个名词并列，只有一个s，则表示“共有”，例如：John
6、 and Marys room（约翰和玛丽共有一间）；Tom and Marys mother（即Tom与Mary是兄妹）项填空1- Where have you been, Tim? - Ive been to _.A. the Henry house B. the Henry family C. The Henrys home D. Henrys2In England, if _ is in the middle of the day, the evening meal is called supper.A. food B. lunch C. breakfast D. dinner3- T
7、hey are thirsty. Will you please give them _ ? - Certainly.A. some bottles of waters B. some bottles of waterC. some bottle of water D. some bottle of waters4Mike hurt one of his _ in the accident yesterday.A. tooth B. feet C. hand D. ear5There is some _ on the plate.A. cakes B. meat C. potato D. pe
8、ars6In England, the last name is the _ .A. family name B. middle C. given name D. full name7The_ has two _ .A. boys; watches B. boy; watch C. boy; watches D. boys; watch9The little baby has two _ already.A. tooth B. tooths C. teeth D. teeths10.This is _ bedroom. The twin sisters like it very much. A
9、. Anne and Jane B. Annes and Jane C. Annes and Jane D. Anne and Janes11.-Are there any _ on the farm? -Yes, there are some. A. horse B. duck C. chicken D. sheep12.These _ have saved many childrens lives. A. woman doctors B. women docto C. women doctors D. woman doctor二. 根据下列句子的情景及所给汉语注释，写出所缺单词。1. We
10、ve got a lot of new _(杂志) in our school library.2. Autumn is my favourite (季节) 3. -How many _(小刀) do you have? -Three.4. _ are widely used in the modern world. 5. June 1st is _(儿童) Day.6. -Does this piece of _(音乐) sound nice? -Yes. Its wonderful!三. 根据句意和所给首字母写出所缺的单词。1. “Whats your n_?”“Li Lei.”3. Pl
11、ease close the w_. Its cold outside.4. If you want study English well, you must pay attention to your p_.5. A computer is one of the greatest i_ in the world.6. Zhang Hui is very excited. He will go to Japan with his p_ during the Spring Festival. 7. At the a_ of seven, the lonely girl had to work t
12、o make living.8. Its only about an h_ flight from Qingdao to Beijing by air.9. Health is more important to me than m_.10. Be careful! Its d_ to run across the street now.部分常用副词的用法1) very, much这两个副词都可表示“很”，但用法不同。Very用来修饰形容词和副词的原级，而much用来修饰形容词和副词的比较级。Much可以修饰动词，而very则不能。例如：She is a very nice girl. Im
13、feeling much better now. They did not talk much.2) too, either这两个副词都表示“也”，但too用于肯定句，either用于否定句。例如：。She can dance, and I can dance, too.I havent read the book and my brother hasnt either.3) already, yetalready一般用于肯定句，yet一般用于否定句。例如：He has already left. Have you heard from him yet? He hasnt answered y
14、et.4) so, neitherso和neither都可用于倒装句， 但so表示肯定，neither表示否定。例如：My brother likes football and so do I.My brother doesnt like dancing and neither do I.3. 形容词和副词的比较级和最高级(1) 两个人或事物的比较时（不一定每一方只有一个人或一个事物），用比较级：The boys in her class are taller than the boys in your class.(2) most 同形容词连用而不用 the,表示 极,很,非常, 十分。 I
15、ts most dangerous to be here. 在这儿太危险。 (3) The+形容词比较级., the+形容词比较级.表示 越. 就越.。 The more you study, the more you know. (4) 形容词比较级 + and + 形容词比较级 , 表示 越来越. Its getting hotter and hotter. (5) 主语+谓语(系动词)+as+形容词原形+as+从句。表示两者对比相同。否定用“not as/so.as”表不如 This box is as big as mine. This box is not as/so big as
16、mine.(6) the + 形容词 表示某种人。 He always helps the poor. (7) 形容词和副词最高级用于三个或三个以上的人和物进行比较。 一. 单项填空1There are many young trees on _ sides of the road. A. every B. each C. both D. all2- Its so cold today. - Yes, its _ than it was yesterday. A. more cold B. more colder C. much colder D. cold3Little Tom has _
17、friends, so he often plays alone.A. more B. a little C. many D. few4She isnt so _at maths as you are. A. well B. good C. better D. best5Peter writes _ of the three. A. better B. best C. good D. well6He is _ enough to carry the heavy box. A. stronger B. much stronger C. strong D. the strongest7I boug
18、ht _ exercise-books with _money. A. a few; a few B. a few; a little C. a little; a few D. a little; a little8The box is _heavy for the girl _carry. A. too; to B. to; too C. so; that D. no; to9The ice in the lake is about one meter _. Its strong enough to skate on. A. long B. high C. thick D. wide10W
19、u Lin ran _ faster than the other boys in the sports meeting. A. so B. much C. very D. too11. Jone looks so _ today because she has got an “A” in her maths test. A. happy B. happily C. angry D. angrily12. The smile on my fathers face showed that he was _ with me. A. sad B. pleased C. angry D. sorry1
20、3. -Mum, could you buy me a dress like this? -Certainly, we can buy _ one than this, but _ this. A a better; better than B. a worse; as good as C. a cheaper; as good as D.a more important; good as14. -This digital camera is really cheap! -The _ the better. Im short of money, you see. A. cheap B. che
21、aper C. expensive D. more expensive15. If you want to learn English well, you must use it as _ as possible. A. often B. long C. hard D. soon16. Paul has _ friends except me, and sometimes he feels lonely. A. many B. some C. few D. more17. English people _ use Mr. Before a mans first name. A. never B
22、. usually C. often D. sometimes18. -One more satellite was sent up into space in China in May. -Right. The government spoke _ that. A. highly for B. high of C. well of D. highly of19. -Remember this, children. _ careful you are, _ mistakes you will make. -We know, Miss Gao. A. The more; the more B.
23、The fewer; the more C. The more; the fewer D. The less; the less20. I have _ to do today. A. anything important B. something important C. important nothing D. important something二. 用所给单词的适当形式填空1. My purse was stolen on the bus yesterday. _ (Fortunate), t3. He put on his coat and went out _ (quick).4
24、. She is _ (good) than Li Ping at swimming.5. A lot Chinese people are _ (pride) of Yao Ming, a famous basketball star in NBA.6. To our surprise, he suddenly returned on a cold _ (snow) night.7. Allie asked me _ (polite) to put the things away.8. Its snowing hard. You must drive _(careful).9. The ea
25、rth we live on is _ (big) than the moon.10. Hainan is a very large island. Its the second _ (large) island in China.三. 用适当的形容词或副词填空(首字母已给出)2. That evening Beethoven played the music for the girl as well as u_.3. Hawaii is f_ its beautiful beaches.4. He often takes an a_ part in the sports meeting an
26、d he can get very good results each time.5. The performance was so w_ that everyone gave a long and loud applause(鼓掌).6. Jiefang Road is the b_ street in our city.7. She lay a_ for hours thinking over her business.8. I like ball games very much, but my f_ sport is playing basketball.9. The boy is to
27、o l_ . He doesnt want to do anything.tionary10The . dic is very u_ . It will help you a lot.here was no money in it.2. Mobile phones are _ (wide) used in most of the cities in China.冠词考点直击1. 不定冠词的用法：(1) a和an均用在单数名词之前，表示某一类人或事物John is a student.(2) 指某一类人或事物中的任何一个。Pass me an apple, please.(3) 指某人或某物，但
28、不具体说明何人或何物。A student wants to see you.(4) 表示“每一”的意思，相当于every。They go to see their parents once a week.2. 定冠词用法 (1) 特指某（些）人或某（些）事物。 Beijing is the capital of China. (2) 指说话人和听话人都熟悉的人或事物。Open the door, please. (3) 上文提到过的人或事物。Yesterday Johns father bought him a new bike. The bike cost 200 yuan (4) 表示世界
29、上独一无二的事物。 The sun rises in the east and sets in the west. (5) 用在序数词和形容词最高级之前。 January is the first month of the year. (6) 用在某些形容词之前，表示某一类人或事物 We should take good care of the old（老人） (7) 用在某些专有名词之前和某些习惯用语中。in the morning, in the open air等须熟记。 (8) 用在姓氏复数之前，表示“某某一家人”，“某某夫妇”如the Browns, the whites等。3. 不
30、用冠词的情况(1) 某些专有名词，抽象名词和物质名词前一般不用冠词China, glass, water, love等。 (2) 名词前已有作定语用的this, that, my, your, whose, some, any, no, each, every等代词时，不用冠词。例如： That is my cap. I have some questions。 Go down this street.(3) 复数名词表示一类人或事物时，不用冠词They are workers.(4) 称呼语前不用冠词，表示头衔和职务的名词前也不加冠词。例如：I dont feel well today, M
31、other. Bush was made president of the U.S.(5) 三餐饭的名称前，球类活动，学科和节目名词前，常不用冠词。例如：(6) 在某些固定词组里，名词之前常不用冠词。例如：By air, at night, at home, go to bed, go to school, on foot, from morning till night 等。二. 数词的用法 ：数词分基数词和序数词。基数词表示数目，序数词表示顺序。1. 基数词的用法(1) 基数词在句中主要用作主语、宾语、定语、表语、同位语， ） (2) 表示一个具体数字时，hundred, thousand
32、, million一律不用复数；在表示一个不确定数字时则用复数。例如： They arrived (3) 表示“十”的数词的复数形式可用来表示人的岁数或年代，例如 This took place in 1930s(4) 表示时刻用基数词。We get up at six.表示“几点过几分”，用介词past,但须在半小时以内。例如：a quarter past nine, 表示“几点差几分”用介词to, 但分数须在半小时以上。例如：twenty to nine,表示“几点几分”还可直接用基数词。例如：seven fifteen, 2. 序数词的用法 （1）序数词主要用作定语，前面要加定冠词，例如
33、：John lives on the fifteenth floor （2）序数词有时前面可加不定冠词来表示“再一”，“又一”如： Shall I ask him a third time？ 3）由几个序数词和基数词在拼写时不对应，很容易写错，应特别注意。它们是：one-first, two-second, three-thi five-fifth, eight-eighth, nine-ninth, twelve-twelfth。（4）表示年，月，日时， 年用基数词表示，日用序数词表示。例如：1949年十月一日读作: October (the) first, nineteen sixty20
34、04年九月十日读作：September (the) tenth, two thousand and four（5）表示分数时，分子用基数词表示，分母用序数词表示。分子大于1时，分母加-s。例如：three fourths, one second, two fifths一. 1. This morning I had _ egg and a bottle of milk for my breakfast. A. an B. a C. the D./ 2. -Whats the matter with you? -I caught _ bad cold and had to stay in _be
35、d. A. a;/ B. a; the C. a; a D. the; the 3. -Have you seen _ pen? I left it here this morning. -Is it _ black one? I think I saw it somewhere. A. a; the B. the; the C. the; a D. a; a 4. _ sun is shining brightly. A. A B. An C. The D. / 5. There is _ “h” in the word hour. A. a B. the C. an D./ 6. Did
36、you enjoy your stay in Xian? Yes. I had _ wonderful time. A. a B. an C. the D. / 7. _ sun is bigger than _ earth. A. A; the B. A; an C. The; an D. The; the 8. There is _ apple and some pears on the table. A. the B./ C. a D. an 9. David has _ cat. Its very nice. A. a B. an C. the D./ 10. Im reading _
37、 novel. It is _ interesting story. A. a; an B. a; a C. the; the D. /; an 11. It is said that SARS has killed more than _ people worldwide. A. three hundreds B. three hundreds C. three hundreds D. three hundred 12. -How many workers are there in your factory? -There are two _. A. hundreds B. hundred
38、C. hundred of D. hundreds of 13. -Which is the smallest number of the four?-_rd, 15. We all think that the _ century will bring us more hopes. A. twenty-first B.twentieth-first C. twenty-one D. twentieth-one 19. _ Chinese are looking for ways to learn English well before Beijing 2008 Olympics. A. Th
39、ousand B. Thousands C. Thousand of D. Thousands of 20. Both of the two rulers are broken. I want to buy a _one. A. three B. third C. forth D. /二. 句子改错：下面各句A, B, C, D中有一处错误，请指出并改正。1. May isa fifth month of the year.2. The film has been on for half a hour.3. The boys and the girls often play the foot
40、ball in the afternoon.4. It looks rain. Why not take a umbrella with you?5. Li Mei often gives us some good information by the e-mail.6. Weve planted two hundreds trees in the centre of our city this year.7. Five million of dollars is a lot of money.8. There are thousand of children in the park now.
41、9. By the end of twenty century, the world population had passed six billion.10. Over three fifth of the worlds books and newspapers are written in English.动词考点直击：1.动词的八种时态的构成及用法；2.动词被动语态的构成及用法；3.非谓语动词的构成及用法；4.近义动词的用法区别。时态：1一般现在时的基本用法1) 经常性或习惯性的动作，常与表示频度的时间状语连用。时间状语： every, sometimes,at, on Sunday如：
42、 I leave home for school at 7 every morning.2) 客观真理，客观存在，科学事实。 The earth moves around the sun. 【注意】此用法如果出现在宾语从句中，即使主句是过去时，从句谓语也要用一般现在时。例：Columbus proved that the earth is round.4) 现在时刻的状态、能力、性格、个性。I dont want so much.5) 某些动词如 come, go, move, stop, leave, arrive, be, finish, continue, start 等，在一般现在时句
43、中可用来表示将来肯定会发生的动作。 The train comes at 3 oclock. 6) 在时间状语从句或条件状语从句中，一般现在时代替一般将来时。 Ill help you as soon as you have problem. 2一般过去时的用法：表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间内所发生的动作或情况，通常一般过去式带有表示动作时间状语的词，词组或从句,如 yesterday, the day before last, last week, two days ago 等,上下文清楚时可以不带时间状语。 I worked in that factory last year. 【注意】1) 过去经常反复发生的动作，也可用used to或would加动词原形来表达，例如： I used to go fishing on Sundays. 2)“used to”也可用于表示过去曾