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1、It的用法与高考谈起it，真可谓词小作用大。it的用法一直是高考命题的热点,也是教学中的重点与难点。下面结合高考试题来对其常考点和特殊用法实行归纳。一、it用作代词的用法1.it用作人称代词，可指人，也可指物。用来代替前面已经出现的词、词组或句子，以避免重复。1.I was disappointed with the film . I had expected _ to be much better. ( 93 )A. that B. this C. one D. it 2. There is still a copy of the book in the library. Wall you
2、go and borrow ?No, Id rather buy in the bookstore. A. one B. one; oneC. one; itD. it; It2it 用来指代时间、地点、距离、天气、气候、季节、温度、环境等或虚指的情境。 例如：It was nearly midnight when she came back.3代替有生命但不能或不必分阴阳性的东西(包括婴儿)。如：What a beautiful baby- is it a boy?4指代心目中或上文中的人或事物。3-Isn t that Anns husband over there?-No, it _ b
3、e him. Im sure he doesnt wear glasses.( 2004.全国.29 )A. cant B. must not C. wont D. may not 4-Do you like _ here?-Oh, yes. The air, the weather, the way of life. Everything is so nice.( 2004.全国.32)A. this B. these C. that D. it it能够指代未指明,但谈话双方心里都明白的那件事或那种情况, 在本题情景中it指这儿的情况(the situation here)。 又如： I
4、cant stand it (= this situation) any longer!Hows it (= your life, work, etc.) going? He is fifty, but he doesnt look it.(fifty years old )It还能够指已知的或暗含的事实或情况，例如：5The Parkers bought a new house but _will need a lot of work before they can move in. ( 2002.全国.25 )A. they B. it C. one D. which 在此指买房之后的情况
5、。又如：She was frightened, but tried not to show it. 她非常恐惧,但竭力没有表现出来。二、it可在句子中作主语或宾语，用来代替一个名词，一个短语，一个分句或一个句子，以避免它们在句子中的重复。为了避免句中作真正主语的动词不定式短语、动名词短语和名词性从句(一般都比较长)置于句首时造成头重脚轻，习惯上用it作形式主语置于句首，指代后面的真正主语，使句子显得流畅,保持句子的平衡。而且，作形式主语的代词只能用it ，不能用that，this等词.it作形式主语的用法1.It + be形容词(for sb./ sth) 动词不定式此句型中的形容词用来描述动
6、词不定式所指代的事情的特点。相当于to do sth. is +adj+.for sb./ sth，用于此句型的形容词有：easy， hard， difficult，possible，important， impossible， necessary，good，bad，natural, safe, common, normal, dangerous, unusual, rare, pleasant等。6 Is _ necessary to tell his father everything? (87) A. it B. that C. what D. he7 Is_necessarytocom
7、pletethedesignbeforeNationalDay? (89) A.this B.that C.it D.he 8 Is _ possible to fly to the moon in a spaceship? (88) A. now B. man C. that D. it2.It+ be形容词of sb动词不定式此句型中的形容词主要描述某人的品德、特征。能用于该句型的形容词有：kind, nice, wise, clever, brave, silly, foolish, stupid, polite, impolite, rude, friendly, careless,
8、cruel, honest ,lazy, modest, naughty, selfish, wrong, right , 等。这个句型能够改写为：sb. is +adj.+to do sth. 3.It + be 名词 (for sb./ sth) 动词不定式用于此句型的名词有： a pity, a shame, a pleasure, a great joy, a waste of time, ones turn, ones duty, ones job, fun, good manners, bad manners等。 例如：It is our duty to serve the peo
9、ple.4.It+ be 形容词/名词doing sth此句型中的形容词和名词常见的有：no / little use, no / much good, no / much harm, no / a wonder, useless, senseless, dangerous, enjoyable, worthwhile 等。如：It is no use crying over spilt milk. 覆水难收。9 _ felt funny watching myself on TV. A. OneB. This C. ItD. That5.It +谓语+名词从句(主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句
10、)it作形式主语, that从句作真正主语,常见的句型有： It + be + 形容词(obvious, true, , surprising, wonderful, funny, , likely, certain, probable, etc.) + that It + be + 形容词(important necessary, right, possible strange, natural.) that sb. (should) do sth. It + be + 名词词组(no wonder, an honor, a good thing, no surprise, a fact,
11、a pleasure, a surprise, an honor, a pity, common sense etc.)+ that10 _is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language( 1995.37 ) A. There B. This C. That D. It11The Foreign Minister said ,“_ our hope that the two sides will work towards peace .”( 2004.北京.24 )A. This is B. There
12、 is C. That is D. It is12He hasnt slept at all for three days. _he is tired out.( 2005.湖北.30 )AThere is no point BThere is no needCIt is no wonder DIt is no way13_is our belief that improvements in health care will lead to a stronger and more prosperous economy. （2006高考浙江卷4）A.As B. That C. This D. I
13、t It+ be +过去分词( said ,reported, believed, declared, expected, supposed, hoped, accepted, stated, acknowledged, recognized, mentioned, proved. shown, announced, arranged, observed, proposed, regarded, considered, thought, learned, well known, pointed out,.) + that 14It has been proved _ eating vegeta
14、bles in childhood helps to protect you against serious illnesses in later life.(上海36)A. if B. because C. when D. that15It is often that human beings are naturally equipped to speak. （09全国II.6）A. said B. to say C. saying D. being said It+ be+过去分词(suggested, ordered, demanded, requested . ) that sb. (
15、should) do sth. It不及物动词(seems, happens, appears, occurs)that或 It looks ( seems )+ as if .另外，常见的句型还有：It is not settled / has not been decided / is still unknown/ It makes no difference + whether It doesnt matter whether .如：It depends on the weather whether we will go.16 Does_matterifhecantfinishthejo
16、bontime? (91)A.this B.that C.he D.it it作形式宾语的用法由作形式宾语，真正的宾语后置的固定句式有下面几个类型：1主语+谓语+it+形容词/名词+动词不定式/从句17 I dont think _ possible to master a foreign language without much memory work. (90) A. this B. that C. its D. it18 You should make it a rule to leave things _ you can find them again (1999.18) A. wh
17、en B. where C. then D. there19. The chairman thought necessary to invite Professor Smith to speak at the meeting . ( 2005.全国II卷.35 )Athat Bit Cthis Dhim20 He didnt make _clear when and where the meeting would be held.（2007高考天津卷1）A. this B. that C. it D. these21As the busiest woman in Norton. she mad
18、e _her duty to look after all the other peoples affairs in that town. （06高考湖南26）A. this B. that C. one D. it2主语+谓语+it+从句在I like / love / enjoy / hate it when这个结构中,it 是形式宾语,真正的宾语是when从句所描述的某种情形。值得注意的是,这种情况与我们所熟悉的it作形式宾语的复合结构是不同的,因为在它之后没有形容词或名词作宾语补足语。又如： I hate it when you cant discuss things openly.I
19、 like it that everyone passed the exam. 22 I hate _when people talk with their mouths full.(1998.8)A. it B. that C. these D. them 23 I like _ in the autumn when the weather is clear and bright. ( 2004.全国.27 )A. this B. that C. it D. one24 Id appreciate _if you would like to teach me how to use the c
20、omputer. （2006山东24）A. that B. it C. this D. you 3主语+谓语+介词+it+从句如：Ill see to it that（注意做到）everything is ready in time.Can I depend on it（相信）that this wont take place again? 4主语+谓语+it+介词短语+从句I took it for granted that they were not coming.三it 可用于强调结构,构成句型：Its +被强调部分+that/ who+句子的其他部分。如果被强调部分是人,既可用that
21、又可用who,其余的全部用that。这个句型也可用于一般疑问句、否定句或特殊疑问句。其特点是：去掉It is(was)及that (who)后,在不添词、不减词的前提下能重新构成一个意义完整的句子。例如：25WasitduringtheSecondWorldWar_hedied?(88) A.that B.while C.inwhich D.then 26Itwasnot_shetookoffherglasses_Irealizedshewasafamousfilmstar. (92) A.when,that B.until,that C.until,that D.when,then 27It
22、 was about 600 years ago_ the first clock with a face and an hour hand was made. (1997.25 ) A. that B. until C. before D. when28 It was not until 1920_regular radio broadcasts began. ( 1995.33 ) A. while B. which C. that D. since29ItwasonlywhenIrereadthispoemsrecently_Ibegantoappreciatetheirbeauty.
23、A.until B.that C.then D.so (97) 30Itistheabilitytodothejob_mattersnotwhereyoucomefromorwhatyouare. A.one B.that C.what D.it (2000) 31Why! I have nothing to confess. _you want me to say?(2004.上海.43)A. What is it that B. What it is that C. How is it that D. How it is that32I just wonder _that makes hi
24、m so excited. （2006高考山东卷32） A.why it does B.what he does C.how it is D.what it is 33He got his first book published. It turned out to be a bestseller. When was _?_ was in 2000 when he was still in college. A. that; This B. this; It C. it; This D. that; It34It was not until midnight they reached the
25、camp site. （08重庆卷22）A. that B. when C. while D. as容易与强调结构混淆的固定句型：It is the first time ( that ) sb. have / has done sth.It was the first time ( that ) sb. had done sth.该句型中that引导定语从句，修饰先行词the first(second)time,译为：这是某人第一（二）次做某事。例如：It is the first time ( that ) I have been here.It was the first time (
26、that )I had visited the place. It is ( high / about ) time ( that ) sb. did / should do sth. 该句型中that引导虚拟定语从句，修饰先行词time，意思是：某人早该做某事了。It is high time (that ) he went to school . It is / has been + 时间段+ since sb. did sth.It was+ 时间段+ since sb. had done sth. 若since从句中的谓语动词是终止性动词，表示“自某人做某事以来已经多久了”；若从句中的
27、谓语动词是延续性动词，则表示“自某人不做某事以来已经多久了”。例如：It is10 years since we left our hometown. 自我们离开家乡已经10年了。It is10years since we lived in that village. 自我们不住在那个村庄已经10年了。35That was really a splendid evening. Its years _ I enjoyed myself so much. ( 2005.全国I卷.29 )A. when B. that C. before D. since 36It is almost five y
28、ears_we saw each other last time. （2005北京春季.23）A.before B.since C.after D.whenIt is+ 时间段名词+ before .此句型若为肯定句，意指“过了多久才”，若为否定句，则是指“没过多久就”例如：It will be hours before he arrives here.几小时以后他才会到这儿。It was not long before they drove the enemy from their homeland. 没多久他们就把敌人从他们的国土上赶跑了。37Scientists say it may b
29、e five or six years _ it is possible to test this medicine on human patients. ( 2004.福建.31 ) A. since B. after C. before D. when38It was some time _ we realized the truth. ( 2005.山东.24 ) A. when B. until C. since D. before39How long do you think it will be _China sends a manned spaceship to the moon
30、?Perhaps two or three years. （2006福建卷25）A. when B. until C. that D. before40It _long before we _ the result of the experiment（2002年上海春）Awill not be；will know Bis；will know Cwill not be；know Dis；know It is +时间名词+ whenIt was 8 oclock when he came back.（定语从句）It is +时间状语+that It was 3 years ago that he
31、joined the army.（强调结构）It is +地点名词+ whereIt is the place where I was born.（定语从句）It is +地点状语+ thatIt was in the place that I came to know him.（强调结构）四替代词it, that与one的区别it表特指，替代前文中出现过的同一名词；替代前文中出现过的同类名词时，用that和one。that表特指，相当于“the+名词”，可代替单数可数名词或不可数名词（只指物不指人），one用于泛指，相当于“a/an+名词”，只代替单数可数名词（可表示人也可表示物）。I ho
32、pe there are enough glasses for each guest to have_.( 1995.22 ) A. it B. those C. them D. one-Why dont we take a little break?-Didnt we just have _? ( 2000.23)Ait Bthat Cone DthisMeeting my uncle after all these years was an unforgettable moment, _I will always treasure. (2002.全国.35) A. that B. one
33、C. it D. whatMeeting my uncle after all these years was an unforgettable moment, _ I will always treasure. （2002. 35）A. that B. one C. it D. whatWe needed a new cupboard for the kitchen. So Peter made _ from some wood we had. ( 2004.广西.24 )A. it B. one C. himself D. anotherCars do cause us some heal
34、th problems in fact far more serious _ than mobile phones do. (2005江西卷)Aone Bones Cit Dthose Weve been looking at the houses but havent found _ we like yet. （2005浙江卷）Aone Bones Cit Dthem I prefer a flat in Inverness to _in Perth, because I want to live near my Mom s. （2005天津卷） A. one B. that C. it D
35、. this 1 admired the painting, and Ed said he would like me to have _ as a gift from him. (08 高考延考区.6)A. one B. it C. thisD. someI like this house with a beautiful garden in front. but I dont have enough money to buy . （09四川）A. one B. it C. this D. that五it对关系代词as的干扰 _is known to everybody, the moon
36、travels round the earth once every month. ( 2002.全国.34 )A. it B. As C. That D. What _ is reported in the newspapers , talks between the two countries are making progress. ( 2004.北京.34 )A.it B. As C. That D What以上两题考察了as引导的定语从句,若选that,句子应分别为：It is known to everybody that the moon travels round the ea
37、rth once every month.It is reported in the newspapers that talks between the two countries are making progress. 六it对关系代词which的干扰 Carol said the work would be done by October, _ personally I doubt very much. (NMET 1999) A. it B. that C. when D. which此题中which引导非限制性定语从句,代指主句的整个内容。若用it,则该句为：Carol said t
38、he work would be done by October, but personally I doubt it very much. 又如：Toms mother kept telling him that he should work harder, but _ didnt help. (93) A. he B. which C. she D. itThe doctor advised Vera strongly that she should take a holiday, but _ didnt help. ( 2005全国III卷13 )Ait BsheCwhichDhe七it
39、对there be句型的干扰_ no need for us to discuss the problem again since it has already been settled. (91) A. It has B. There has C. It is D. There is_ is no possibility _ Bob can win the first prize in the match. ( 2001.上海.春.35 )A. There that B. It that C. There whether D. It whether常见的there be句型有：There i
40、s no doubt that / of 毫无疑问 There is no need to do /for 没有必要 There is no denying无可否认 There is no hurry about 无需慌张There is no difficulty in方面没困难 There is no difference between没区别There is no possibility that/ of 没可能 There is no room for 没有余地 There is no sense in 是无意义的 There was a time when 以前有一段时间 There
41、 is no chance that/ of 没有的机会八其它含有it的常见句式和短语：It takes sb. . to do sth.If it had not been for若要不是It remains to be seen / proved that有待于观察证明例如：Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple, but it remains _whether they will enjoy it.( 2002.全国.32 )A. to see B. to be seen C. seeing D. seenIt
42、turned out / so fell out that最终结果是，终于 It is up to sb. to do sth. 该由某人做某事It is a common saying that俗话说 It goes without saying that不言而喻It is worth notice that值得注意的是it也常用于某些习惯用语中，各该习惯用语有具体意义，但it并无具体意义。如： cab it 乘车 catch it 受责，受罚 come it 尽自己 believe it or not信不信由你 take it easy别着急，慢慢来 come it strong 做得过度
43、 walk it 步行 make it 办成 take it out of somebody 拿某人出气 it all depends视情况而定例如：-How long are you staying?-I dont know._. ( 2004江苏35 )A. Thats OK B. Never mind C. It depends D. It doesnt matter-Its getting late. Im afraid I must be going now.-OK. _ .( 2004.全国.21 )A. Take it easy B. Go slowly C. Stay longer D. See you-Id like to take a weeks holiday.-_, were too busy.( 2004.广西.23 )A. Dont worry B. Dont mention it C. Forget it D. Pardon meIt s been raining for a whole week. I think itll get fin