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1、The differentiation of _ almost _ redundant negation constructions (1)The differentiation of _ almost _ redundant negation sentence (1).TxtChinese learning 919ThreeNo.living(stageTotal No.GStage)YesHandicapThe differentiation of category of redundant negationThompsonHandicap,almost,AlmostWhen modify
2、ing verbs,SubsequentnoorNoSometimes it has negative connotations,Sometimes there is no negative meaning.The latter is the most typical phenomenon of redundant negation in Chinese.for example:1AA.I almost didnt make a jokeAlmost a jokeB.Almost no wrong=Almost wrongC.I almost didnt fall=Almost fallD.A
3、lmost without turning over=Almost overturnedBA.I almost missed it. I almost saw each other todayB.I can hardly answerthisAlmost answeredC.I almost didnt buy itthisI almost got itD.Almost did not take a test, this is almost admitted to a classO AA.Hardly ever fellTwoAlmost divine!B.The ship hardly tu
4、rned over=The ship almost capsizedBA.Its almost done, and its almost done nowB.Almost did not take a test class Ben, almost a test spotA.He narrowly missed being knocked down=Narrowly missed himB.Almost nothing was done, and almost everything was doneZhu Dexi (1)Nine80)Two laws are summed up for the
5、 above phenomena:(OneWhere)Is the speaker for what happened:KenDefinite form means negative meaning,Negative form means affirmative meaning.(two) the speaker who dont hope what happened:no matterwith_LTwoTheSemantic combination model,May be calledSentence model.Such,Semantically flatSentence modelSy
6、ntactic plane_Lsentence patternThere are differences as well as relations.Sentence modelIs the basic formula,Can expand.for example:(1) the matterA.Property as a matter of factA.benchmarkA.attributeA.Count(5) agentA.Automatic agent.Point of timeA.automaticA.Frequency.brother,Very tall, brother,Than
7、youA.HighA.Three inch reporterA.Here comes the reporterA.Yesterday, YaoA.ComingA.2.Referenceone of the founders of the scientific study of Chinese grammar and a supporter of fundamental language reform:Opening statement of Academic Symposium on sentence patterns and verbs,Sentence patterns and verbs
8、,Language Press1987.Radford:Verbs in modern Chinese,Chinese Social Science PressOne99.Lu Chuan,Liangzhenhan:Chinese information grammar,LanguagePhilologyOneNine89yearSixstageLu Chuan,Linxingguang:The lattice relation of modern Chinese grammar,HanLanguage learning108NineyearFivestage.Lu Chuan:The sem
9、antic and pragmatic components of Chinese sentences,GrammarResearch and exploration,Beijing University PressOneNine88.Lu Chuan:The problem of word class in modern Chinese information grammar,Grammar research and exploration,Language Press, 1919.(the author address communication:waterResearch Institu
10、te of Engineering Intelligence, Henan University of Finance and Economics,That *newIs the Chinese language teaching and research section of the township TV University?Negative form,The meaning is negative.Chang Shuxiang et al1980)LeftPhenomenon of less than negationHold the same view.We find that th
11、ere are many exceptions to these rules,exampleas:This oneboxingDingThere was a pile of gas trapping sequencedie,The air glared at him,Wide mouthed,For a minute without saying anythingSpeak up.(ZhaoThe tree of ScienceZhang Laixing)Aunt pointing out,IOnesee,Its my daughter-in-law,I was so happy,I almo
12、st didnt doublehead,A stride rushed past.(!Return of the prodigal son) often updateIn caseZhangIt is the enemy of the novels master,This is the master Jishu him a punishmentZhangStory,The death of Zhang WeiThis thing is so happened to master it,According to the law summed up by Mr. Zhu,Negative form
13、Express positive meaning,positionIt is supposed to have.9 long dimensionMad,But from the latter point of view,ZhangNot reallydie.In context,Double somersaultYes, Im happy to do it,According to the law of Mr. Zhu,Should have beenTurned two somersaults,In fact, there is no turning.In this wayexception
14、There are many applications in everyday language.TastingTry to explain it from a new angleHandicapPhenomenon of redundant negation,The explanation can also deal with what is calledexception,And then reveals the logical origin of this kind of redundant negation.Mr. Zhu also believes that,Example 1 to
15、 structure_:Unable to differentiate moreSemantic sentence pattern,We also try to differentiate it structurally.Lets have a look firstAlmost JL,severalJBetween,Narrowly!Vocabulary of flying spoons.righteousness:HandicapOneA phaseA certain degree of difference,near.almostOneOne will be close to,Close
16、to.Narrowly-All but.The notional meanings of the three words are the same,All meansA certain degree of difference.With thisNoandnoNegative inclusionJustice is also consistent.In natural language,The negative words mean LE s sSeven HAN,such asXiao Zhao is not eight meters tallMeans less than one mete
17、r eight,Lao Wang cant drink a jin of wineIt is saidLao WangDrink less than a pound of wine.Thus it can be seen,Handicapson,almost,AlmostWhen modifying verbs,Act as a negative wordnoorNo.In example 1,HandicapsonIn the three case, it is equivalent to a negative word,For example, AAThe right end of the
18、Almost a jokeBe equal toNo laughingSpeech Qi BALeft of formI almost missed itFollow the negation of negation as the affirmative rule,Yi WeiSee you;BAtypeRight endI almost metBe equal toNot see.actually,Only A is specialALeft endHandicapNo jokes,Since hereHandicapQuite a negative word,Then, according
19、 to the negation of negation is the affirmative law,Should beMake fun of,What it actually means is.No jokes.therefore,This kind of situation needs to be explainedcondition.Example o and the problem is the same as this.Now usePositive componentandNegative componentCome and take the place ofIt happene
20、dandDont expect thematter.There is something in common between the two statements,There are also important differences:The former emphasizes universality,stability,the latterChange with the speakers subjective wishes.Be locatedHandicapAfter the general verb complement structure or result,You can loo
21、k at positive ingredients and negative onesThePredicateandcomplementFind the answer to the problem.Active complement structureThePredicateandrepairlanguageLoose relations between,Can separate,There can be many kinds of sentence changes;Negative complement structurePredicateandrepairlanguageClose rel
22、ationship between,Generally can not be separated,Sentence patterns are also greatly limited.for example:A.A, its done.B.This thing has been done very muchOneLong-term,Not yet done.C.You can do it and try it,See if I can make it. D.Done three times,Not for three times.E.He has already done it,Success
23、 is still unknown.BA.The machine has been repaired.B.This machine has been repaired for a long timeL!,Not yet.C.Have a try at the trim,Will it be ok?.D.Repaired three times,The three one hasnt been repaired.E.The machine has been repaired,Well, I dont know yet.AA.He fell down.B.repairHe fell for a l
24、ong time,Not yet.C.bitterYou fallOneGive it a try,See if it pours.D.bitterHe fell three times,Not for the three time.shutHes already fallen,I still dont know what to do.BA.The machine is broken.B.bitterThis machine has been repaired for a long time,Not bad yet.C.shutHave a try at the trim,See if its
25、 bad.D.shutHe repaired it three times,Three times are not bad.E.shutThe machine has been repaired,Bad or bad, not yet known.DoandFixPositive component,Between the predicate and complement components can be inserted,The act of representing the predicateActions are subjective and controllable,The resu
26、lt of the complement representation does not necessarily appear,There may be a comparison between actions and resultsLong time.Fall downandBad repairIts negative,Between predicate and complement tightly,Condense into a whole,TheThe act of speaking is subjective and uncontrollable,The result of compl
27、ement is bound to appear.Be careful,The same component in different waysUse occasion,Its enthusiasm and negativity may change,In wrestling, for example,fallIt becomes a positive component,fallandinvertedIt can be separated.for example:AA.Athlete Xiao Zhang fell three times,Three times did not fall t
28、o the other side.B.You throw again,Look, this action is not up to standard.C.You drop again,See if you can throw each other down.D.He fell several times,Fell several times.Positive componentThe difference between the predicate and complement and negative components can also be used from themwrongTen
29、move+Must notIn formatThe semantic changes are seen,Such as:ThomasA.At the last minute of the game,Xiao Wang, the athlete, made up his mind,Do not fall on the other side.B.Road junctionThe ice,Xiao Wang is out at this hour,Do not fall.Cases of ThomasATheNon. Must notIt means a will,Cases of BNon. Mu
30、st notRefers to the objective conditions are likely to produceGive birth to a certain result.This difference is caused by the complement structure said action verbs can be controlled by subjective will,Cases of ThomasAPositive component,Behavior is subject to subjective control,Therefore, sentence p
31、attern is the will of the mind;B is a component of extreme cases,behaviorSubject to subjective control,Therefore, the sentence is the result of the table.Between the active components of predicate and complementOneBetween separability and negative factors of the adnex and complement the inseparabili
32、ty of solutionThe key to the problem.Lets have a look firstnonegativeComplement structurePractical implications.noNegative complement node14 compound words or phrases,Can only indicate that the result represented by complement does not reach,Can not deny the predicate represents behaviorRealization
33、of.for example:A.He was not fullTwoEat,Im not full.B.He did not understandTwoListen to the,Without understanding.C.He has no foundationTwoLearned,Without a meeting.D.He did not see clearly=See,Unclear.You can use a formula to expressnoThe negative meaning of the verb complement structure:no+(move+Su
34、pplement)=moveTen(noTenSupplement)HandicapwithnoIs the equivalence of the negative I Division,Because the active components are separable predicate and complement.AlmostsonCircumstances alone before the active componentnoThe same.A.Its almost doneTwoDo,Without success.B.I almost went to class A.TwoDid you?,Without entering class A.C.Almost repairedRepair,Not good.D.Almost got itThe=Bought,Without ones hand.SinceHandicapandnoCan only negate the meaning represented by the complement of the verb complement structure,So, do they