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1、NA及TDR教育训练资料Excellent science and technology, high frequency measurement, education, trainingTheme of education and trainingBasic concepts of signalsMeaning of parametersNetwork analyzer (NA) profileTime domain reflectometry (TDR) Introduction.A brief introduction to the measurement methods of NA/ a
2、nd TDR.Comparison of NA and TDRGhiatek TechnologiesGood Ye Polytron Technologies IncFirst pageBasic mode of signal transmission:1, Single, end (single ended): signal + ground wire+Analog (sinusoidal):G digital (Fang Bo): G2, Common, mode (common / same mode): signal + signal (both the same)+Analog (
3、sinusoidal):+Digital (Fang Bo):+GG3, Differential, mode (differential / differential): positive signal+ negative signals (opposite)+Analog (sinusoidal):Digital (Fang Bo):VGVG-Ghiatek TechnologiesGood Ye, Polytron Technologies Inc, second pagesBasic mode of signal reception:1, Single, end (single end
4、ed) reception: signal voltage= signal line voltage ground voltageSSingle ended receiverSignal= S-G=S (G=0)GSingle ended transmission2, Common, mode (same mode) reception: signal voltage = two, line voltage plus / 2- ground voltageS1Signal= (S1+S2) /2-G=SSame mode receptionS2(S1=S2=S, G=0)GSame mode
5、transmission3, Differential, mode (differential) receive: signal voltage = two, signal line voltage subtractionS1VGS2Differential receptionSignal= S1-S2 = S(S1=, S/2, S2=, -S/2, VG=0)Differential transmissionGhiatek TechnologiesGood Ye, Polytron Technologies Inc, third pagesBasic mode of signal rece
6、ption:1, Single end (single ended) transmission, differential mode receiving results?SGDifferential receive signalAndSignal=?Single ended transmission2, Common mode (common mode) transmission, differential mode receiving results?S1S2Differential receptionSignal=?GSame mode transmission3, Differentia
7、l mode (differential) transmission mode with a receiving results?S1VGSame mode receptionSignal=?S2Differential transmissionGhiatek TechnologiesGood Ye, Polytron Technologies Inc, fourth pagesCharacteristics of basic signals:1, Single, end (single ended):Advantages: simple signal processing, low wire
8、 costExcept for COAXIAL, higher cost)Disadvantages: higher working voltage, high frequency interference (except for COAXIAL, most undisturbed)2, Common, mode (CO / same mode):Essentially, analog transmission is used to simulate noise or as a measurement of wire balance characteristics,There is no ne
9、ed to transmit signals in general3, Differential, mode (differential / differential):Advantages: low voltage, noise cancellation function (high frequency performance / price ratio, optimum)Disadvantages: signal processing costs are higherGhiatek TechnologiesGood Ye, Polytron Technologies Inc, fifth
10、pagesHigh frequency characteristics of the basic line termination structure:Open1, Open (open / circuit):Features: signal total reflection, with the same phase2, Short (short circuit):Characteristic: signal total reflection, but oppositeShortMatching Load3, Matching, Load (matching load):Characteris
11、tics: signal complete absorption (transmission) without reflection4, Unmatching (incomplete match):Characteristics: the signal portion absorbs (transmits), partially reflectsUnmatching LoadGhiatek TechnologiesGood Ye, Polytron Technologies Inc, sixth pagesHigh frequency characteristics of the basic
12、line termination structure:VOpen.I=0IiV,Features: signal total reflection, with the same phaseV,VIVIrV R1, Open (open / circuit):2, Short (short circuit):Characteristic: signal total reflection, but oppositeR, V, I, V, rI, iI, R, I, iIVVV= T = =-0IIiVV,IrV,I, V, R, V, R, V, iVVV- = =+0VVVVVShortVVRV
13、Ghiatek TechnologiesGood Ye, Polytron Technologies Inc, seventh pagesOverview of high frequency transmission of basic linesThe actual line can not be completely matched, so the signal is transmitted over the lineA series of penetrating (absorption) and reflected resultsreceiving endTransmitting endd
14、efectGhiatek TechnologiesGood Ye, Polytron Technologies Inc, eighth pagesExcellent science and technology, high frequency measurement, education, trainingTheme of education and trainingBasic concepts of signalsMeaning of parametersNetwork analyzer (NA) profileTime domain reflectometry (TDR) Introduc
15、tion.A brief introduction to the measurement methods of NA/ and TDR.Comparison of NA and TDRGhiatek TechnologiesGood Ye Polytron Technologies IncNinth pageMeaning of parameterCharacteristic impedanceCharacteristic Impedance,Z)The transmission line is affected by its structure, and when a high freque
16、ncy signal is transmitted, the characteristic of current and voltage in each point of the wire is higher than that of the transmission line.The formula is as follows:L p 2 jR + Phi Phi V= R+jwxf0), very small, R (if GC of jG=0Z=P fC 2 + phi IDepending on the type of signal transmitted, the impedance
17、 measured can be divided into the following three:Single ended impedanceZse (Single, Ended)Two differential impedanceZdiff (Differential, Mode)Three, same mode impedanceZcom (Common, Mode)In general, the port of the instrument is single endedThe impedance of 50 is most common. If you want to measure
18、 with NADifferential signalWhen,Need to go throughBulan conversion willNASingle ended signalConverts to differential signals.TDRSingle ended signalTurn. IntoDifferential signalOr same mode signal , just set the instrument port.LfGhiatek TechnologiesGood Ye, Polytron Technologies Inc, tenth pagesMean
19、ing of parameterAttenuation / insertion lossAlpha,Attenuation / Insertion Loss)Refers to the output voltage (Vout) and the incident voltage (Vin), compared to the remaining signal loss?.Usually measured by NA, which can be directly measured by the instrument and expressed in the form of dBThe formul
20、a is as follows:Alpha= 10 log (Pout / Pin) = 20 log (Vout/, Vin)If the ATT value is closer to0, the less signal loss occurs. Otherwise, the ATT valueThe more negative (smaller) is, the more serious the signal loss is.VinVoutGhiatek TechnologiesGood Ye, Polytron Technologies Inc, eleventh pagesMeanin
21、g of parameterPropagation delay timeDelay)Refers to the signal in the transmission line, from the input number to the receiving endThe time required can be divided according to the signal type:First, single ended delay (Single, Ended, Delay)Two, differential delay (Differential, Mode, Delay)Three, s
22、ame mode delay (Common Mode Delay)DelayGhiatek TechnologiesGood Ye, Polytron Technologies Inc, Twelfth pagesMeaning of parameterPropagation delay time differenceDelay Skew)Refers to the time difference between the signal and the receiver at different signal lines, that is, DelayDifference, the commo
23、n Delay can be divided into two kinds:Differential pair internal delay (Intra-pair Skew) refers to the input differential signal,Difference between the Single-end Delay of two wires in the same pair of lines (subtraction).Two, difference between the delay difference (Inter-pair, Skew), refers to the
24、 difference between the lineDifferential Delay difference (subtraction).If the value of the Delay Skew is longer, the smaller the time difference of the signal transmission is, theThe transmission characteristics are consistent.Conversely, the larger the Delay Skew value, the greater the time differ
25、ence in the signal transmissionThe transmission properties of wood are inconsistent.Ghiatek TechnologiesGood Ye, Polytron Technologies Inc, thirteenth pagesMeaning of parameter(difference) delay difference between two systems (Inter-pair Skew) yesOf or between linesDifferential Delay subtraction.- i
26、s more than 2 times the measure calculatedInter pair SkewGhiatek TechnologiesGood Ye, Polytron Technologies Inc, fourteenth pagesMeaning of parameterDifferential to internal delay differenceIntra-pair, Skew) means the sameOf two wires in a lineSingle-end Delay subtraction.- inSet the Differential si
27、gnal on TDR, one time straightYou can pick it upSkew, =0, Intra, pair, SkewGhiatek TechnologiesGood Ye, Polytron Technologies Inc, Fifteenth pagesMeaning of parameterCrosstalkXtalk, Cross, talk)Electromagnetic noise of two lines that interfere with each other generally increases with increasing freq
28、uency.The measurements can be madeNA orTDR to measure, the formula is as follows:Xtalk= 10, log (Pout / Pin) = 20, log (Vout/, Vin) in, dB, by, NAXtalk = Vout / Vin in% by TDRIf the Xtalk value approaches the 0 dB (or near 100%), the noise disturbance is more serious.Conversely, the Xtalk dB value i
29、s negative (or near)0%) there is less noise interference.Ghiatek TechnologiesGood Ye, Polytron Technologies Inc, sixteenth pagesMeaning of parameterGhiatek TechnologiesGood Ye Polytron Technologies IncCrosstalk can be divided into two major categories:Near end crosstalkfar end crosstalkCrosstalk (Xt
30、alk, Cross, talk)VinVnearNEXT = 20, log (Vnear/, Vin), in, dB, or, Vnear/, Vin, in,%FEXT = 20, log (Vfar/, Vin), in, dB, or, Vfar/, Vinin,%VfarSeventeenth pageMeaning of parameterDecline in rise timeTr, Risetime, degradation)When the signal passes through the object to be measured, the waveform rise
31、s longer, and the longer it rises, the signalA partial decline of higher frequencyThe more serious, the smaller the range of bandwidth available.0.35 = rise time recession (NS) * bandwidth (GHz)80%20%DUTTr_sysTr_meaTr_sys: system rise time (including connecting wires and fixtures)Tr_mea: final measu
32、rement time of rise (including connecting lines and fixtures plus line to be measured)Tr_dut: the rise time of the object to be measuredTr_dut= (Tr_mea2, -Tr_sys2) -DVI req.Ghiatek TechnologiesGood Ye, Polytron Technologies Inc, eighteenth pagesMeaning of parameterRise time and bandwidthGhiatek Tech
33、nologiesGood Ye, Polytron Technologies Inc, nineteenth pagesExcellent science and technology, high frequency measurement, education, trainingTheme of education and trainingBasic concepts of signalsMeaning of parametersNetwork analyzer (NA) profileTime domain reflectometry (TDR) Introduction.A brief
34、introduction to the measurement methods of NA/ and TDR.Comparison of NA and TDRGhiatek TechnologiesGood Ye Polytron Technologies IncTwentieth pageNetwork Analyzer network analyzer brief network analyzer brief introductionRFOUT R A BPort1 Port2APC-7 3.5 mm / SMA S-ParameterAdaptor APC-7 Test SetConne
35、ctorGhiatek TechnologiesGood Ye Polytron Technologies IncTwenty-first pageIntroduction to Network Analyzer network analyzerAgilent E5071B ENA series RF network analyzer, 300 kHz to 8.5 GHzGhiatek TechnologiesGood Ye Polytron Technologies IncTwenty-second pageInternal structure of Network Analyzer in
36、ternal knotSource大连理工大学事件反射传播類比訊號射频输出信号分离接收器/探测器处理器/显示入射反射透射对甲ghiatek技术佳燁科技股份有限公司23頁第网络分析仪的量測概的量測概念源DUT事件（R）传播（b）類比訊號（入射波）（傳輸波）反射（a）（反射波）反射（反射）传输（傳輸波）传播（b）反射（a）事件（R）事件（R）组驻波比返回（增益/损耗增益/損耗S21、S12）插入延迟阻抗损耗（S參數）传输阶段（駐波比）S11，S22（S參數）反射系数（反射係數）（傳輸係數）ghiatek技术佳燁科技股份有限公司24頁第网络分析仪的量測圖的量測圖形衰減遠端串音ghiatek技术佳燁科
37、技股份有限公司25頁第基本概念什么是分贝？分贝：2个数量级的比率P2dB = 10 log10P1V22P2十IRF（1v2 R2VDB10日志20 log10）R二十一=log10= =P1V12R1电压：Power：10分贝T 10倍20分贝T 10倍20分贝T 100倍- 20分贝T 1/10- 10分贝T 1/106分贝t 2次- 20分贝T 1/100- 6分贝T 1/23分贝t 2次- 3分贝T 1/2ghiatek技术佳燁科技股份有限公司26頁第基本概念损益源（刺激）E输出E输出损益E输入E输出如果 1，称为增益E输入E输出如果 1，叫做损失E输入Power：20分贝t 100次
38、- 20分贝T 1/1006分贝t 4次- 6分贝T 1/4E输入监控（响应）大连理工大学E输出P2dB = 10 log10 P1V2dB = 20 log10 V1如果大于0分贝，称为增益。如果小于0分贝，称为损失电压：20分贝t 10次- 20分贝T 1/106分贝t 2次- 6分贝T 1/2ghiatek技术佳燁科技股份有限公司27頁第佳燁科技高頻量測教育訓練教育訓練主題訊號的基本概念。參數的意義。網路分析儀簡介（NA）。時域反射儀（TDR）簡介。钠/ TDR量測方式簡介。那與TDR的比較ghiatek技术佳燁科技股份有限公司28頁第安捷伦TDR時域反射儀- 54750aTDR主機马力
39、的54750a（时域反射计）TDT模組马力的54751a模組- HP 54754A TDR（时域传输模块）（时域反射模块）ghiatek技术佳燁科技股份有限公司29頁第安捷伦TDR時域反射儀- 86100aTDR主機-安捷伦86100a（时域反射计）TDT模組-安捷伦86112a TDR模組-安捷伦54754a（时域传输模块）（时域反射模块）ghiatek技术佳燁科技股份有限公司30頁第泰克TDR時域反射儀- tds8200TDR主機- tds8200（时域反射计）TDT模組- 80e04 TDR模組- 80e03（时域传输模块）（时域反射模块）ghiatek技术佳燁科技股份有限公司31頁第T
40、DR是干什么的？反射系数（r）参考平面（t0，l0）ZL =￥（开）ZL = 50欧姆（DUT匹配）ZL = 0欧姆（短）时间（或距离）感应电容ghiatek技术佳燁科技股份有限公司32頁第TDR的反射量測（TDR）参考平面T =指向T = T = 2tl = VP / t2步进电机ZL测试输电系统一数字示波器工程安装工程安装呃!= 0b0DT = 0铒传播速度时间参考飞机失配Tghiatek技术佳燁科技股份有限公司33頁第TDR的傳輸量測（TDT）数字示波器步进电机大连理工大学不及物动词佛蒙特州VR VTTT0 ttghiatek技术佳燁科技股份有限公司34頁第TDR的量測圖形ghiatek
41、技术Good Ye Polytron Technologies IncThirty-fifth pageExcellent science and technology, high frequency measurement, education, trainingTheme of education and trainingBasic concepts of signalsMeaning of parametersNetwork analyzer (NA) profileTime domain reflectometry (TDR) Introduction.A brief introduction to the measurement methods of NA/ and TDR.Comparison of NA and TDRGhiatek TechnologiesGood Ye Polytron Technologies IncThirty-sixth pageNetwork Analyzer FundamentalTransmission Parameters CalibrationNetwork AnalyzerRRFout BAS-ParameterTest Set P1 P2RSRP