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1、工程硕士被动语态,1,Unit 2,Grammar Review,The Passive Voice (被动语态）,工程硕士被动语态,2,语态是动词的一种形式，表示主语和动词之间的关系。英语动词有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态动词的主语是动作的执行者，而被动语态动词的主语是动作的承受者。被动语态是动词的一种特殊形式，一般说来，只有需要动作对象的及物动词才有被动语态。,英语语态,被动语态的构成,worked,opened,closed,seen,taught,asked,work,close,open,ask,see,teach,e.g.,由助动词be + 及物动词的过去分词（V-ed）
2、构成。助动词be有人称、数和时态的变化。,工程硕士被动语态,3,am/is/are +done (过去分词) 一般现在时 2) has /have been done 现在完成时 3)am/is /are being done 现在进行时 4)was/were done 一般过去时 5)had been done 过去完成时,Visitors are asked not to touch the exhibits.(展品）,All the preparations for the task have been completed,A new cinema is being built here
3、,I was given ten minutes to decide.,By the end of last year, another new gym had been completed in Beijing.,工程硕士被动语态,4,6)was/were being done 过去进行时 7)shall/will be done 一般将来时 8） should/would be done 过去将来时 带情态动词的被动结构 其形式为：情态动词be过去分词。,A meeting was being held when I was there.,Hundreds of jobs will be
4、lost if the factory closes.,The news would be sent to the soldiers mother as soon as it arrived.,The baby can be taken good care of by the baby-sitter.,工程硕士被动语态,5,Fill in the blanks with the proper form of the words given in the brackets.,The bridge ( build) last year. The Olympic Games (hold) every
5、 four years. The problem (discuss) at the meeting now. His new book (publish) next month. The classroom (not clean) yet.,was built,are held,is being discussed,will be published,has not been cleaned,工程硕士被动语态,6,Read text-1,6. The machine (repair) at this time yesterday. 7. She said the report (type) b
6、y Li Mei for two weeks. 8. Miss Li said the book (give) to the students the next morning. 9. By the end of next term two thousand English words (learn). 10. He said the project . (finish) by 2010.,was being repaired,had been typed,would be given,will have been learned,would have been finished,工程硕士被动
7、语态,7,Read text-2,When can we use the passive voice?,不知道动作的执行者是谁，或没有必要指出动 作的执行者时。,My bike was stolen last night. 昨晚我的自行车被偷了。 Letters are collected at eight every morning. 信件每天早晨八点收取。,The desk was made by Master Wang. 这张课桌是王师傅做的。 The bag was taken away by his sister. 那个口袋是她姐姐提走的。,2. 为了强调或突出动作的承受者时。,工程
8、硕士被动语态,8,Article1_popwin_title,3. 为了更好地安排句子。,The well-known person got on the bus and was immediately recognized by people. （一个主语就够了） 那个名人一上车就立刻被大家认出来了。,I have a new skirt. It was given to me as a birthday present by my aunt. 我有条新裙子。它是我阿姨送给我作为生日礼物的。,4. 在上下文中，为了使句子间连接紧密时。如：,工程硕士被动语态,9,Article1_popwin
9、_head for,How to change the active voice into the passive voice ?,将主动结构中的宾语变为被动结构中的主 语，将主动结构中的谓语动词变为“be +过去分词”形式，将主动结构中的主语变为介词by的宾语(若动作的执行者没有必要说明则可以省略该by短语)。,把SVO（主动宾）句型的主动句转换成被动句，原句中的宾语作被动句的主语。,e.g. Li Lei planted the tree last year. The tree was planted by Li Lei last year. Workers made the machin
10、es in Changsha. The machines were made in Changsha.,基本方法,工程硕士被动语态,10,2. 把SVoO（主动间宾直宾）的主动句转换成被动 句，常用原句中的间接宾语作被动句中的主语。,Article1_popwin_tap,e.g. They gave her a prize. She was given a prize. Xiao Lis brother taught him English. Xiao Li was taught English by his brother.,e.g. He painted the door green y
11、esterday. The door was painted green yesterday. We called the student Clever Hans. The student was called Clever Hans.,3. SVOC（主动宾宾补）句型转换为被 动句时，原句中的宾语补语就成为主语补语。,工程硕士被动语态,11,Article2_popwin_pull over,4. 短语动词转换为被动态时，通常被看作是一个动词，后面的介词或副词不能拆开或省略。,e.g.They looked after the children well. The children were
12、 well looked after. We has put off the meeting till next week. The meeting has been put off till next week.,e.g. Li Lei told us that the teacher praised him today. We were told that Li Lei was praised by the teacher today.,5.复合句的主动语态变被动语态时，复合句中的主句和从句都须同时变为被动语态。如：,工程硕士被动语态,12,Article2_popwin_radio,英语
13、中用主动表被动的几种特殊情况,2.某些“be+形容词+to do”结构中的不定式通常要用主动形式表示被动意义：,连系动词为不及物动词，它们没有被动语态形式。但有些表示感受、感官的连系动词(如look, sound, smell, feel, taste 等)可用主动表被动：,The building looks very beautiful. 这座建筑看上去很美。 Her voice sounded quite sweet. 她的声音听起来非常甜美。,The book is difficult to understand. 这书很难懂。 The music isnt pleasant to l
14、isten to. 这音乐不好听。,工程硕士被动语态,13,Article3_popwin_flight,3.不定式用于某些动词(如have, have got, get等)的宾语后作定语时，如果不定式的逻辑主语就是句子的主语，通常用主动形式表示被动意义。,I have some clothes to wash. 我有一些衣服要洗。 Miss Green has some important letters to send. 格林小姐有一些重要的信件要寄。,注：若不定式的逻辑主语不是句子的主语，则应用被 动式，比较：,I have something to type. 我有些东西要打(字)。(
15、指自己打字) I have something to be typed. 我有些东西要打(字)。(指请人打字),工程硕士被动语态,14,4. 在 tooto do sth 和enough to do sth这两个结构中，若句子主语与其后不定式to do sth为被动关系，则该不定式通常用主动形式表示被动意义(有时也可直接用被动式)。,The tea is too hot to drink. 茶太热，不能喝。 These boxes are not strong enough to use to be used as a platform. 这些箱子不够牢，不能用作站台。,工程硕士被动语态,15
16、,6. 在need, want, require等少数表示“需要”的 动词后的动名词用主动形式表被动意义。,5. be worth后的动名词要用主动表被动。,The house needs cleaning. 房子需要打扫了。 These children require looking after. 这些孩子需要照看。,The house needs to be cleaned. These children require to be looked after.,This movie is worth seeing. 这部影片值得一看。 The problem is not worth d
17、iscussing. 这个问题不值得讨论。,工程硕士被动语态,16,Article5_popwin_ wonder,Translate the following sentences into English.,1下一届奥运会将于2012年在伦敦举行。 2 奶奶告诉他要好好保管这枚戒指。 3我现在很忙。我有很多作业要做。 4到目前为止，地球人已经几次拜访了月亮。 5你的外套该洗洗了。 6我爸爸给我买了一辆新自行车。 7 这本书值得一看。 8 有人看到他昨天下午在操场上打篮球。 9 你的理由听起来挺合理的。 10 有人听到他向他的朋友说再见。,工程硕士被动语态,17,Article5_popwi
18、n_in the world,1下一届奥运会将于2012年在伦敦举行。 2 奶奶告诉他要好好保管这枚戒指。 3我现在很忙。我有很多作业要做。 4到目前为止，地球人已经几次拜访了月亮。,The next Olympic Games will be held in London in 2012.,He was told by his grandma that the ring should be kept well.,Im busy now. I have lots of homework to do.,So far, the moon has been visited by earthmen s
19、everal times.,工程硕士被动语态,18,Article5_popwin_embarrassed1,5你的外套该洗洗了。 6我爸爸给我买了一辆新自行车。 7 这本书值得一看。 8 有人看到他昨天下午在操场上打篮球。,Your coat needs cleaning / to be cleaned.,I was bought a new bicycle by my father.,This book is worth reading.,He was seen playing basketball on the playground yesterday afternoon.,工程硕士被动语态,19,Article5_popwin_embarrassed2,9 你的理由听起来挺合理的 。 10 有人听到他向他的朋友说再见。,Your reason sounds reasonable.,He was heard to say goodbye to his friend.,工程硕士被动语态,20,Thankyou,