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1、自学考试密押题库与答案解析英语词汇学真题2011年04月自学考试密押题库与答案解析英语词汇学真题2011年04月英语词汇学真题2011年04月.Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that best completes the statement and put the letter in the bracket.问题:1. The development of English vocabulary can be divided into the followi
2、ng particular historical periods EXCEPT _.A.Old EnglishB.Middle EnglishC.New EnglishD.Modern English答案:C问题:2. The definition of a word comprises the following points _. (1) a minimal free form of a language (2) a sound unity (3) a unit of meaning (4) a form that can function alone in a sentence A.(1
3、)and(2)B.(1), (2)and(3)C.(2), (3)and(4)D.(1), (2), (3)and(4)答案:D解析 根据对词所总结的定义“A word is a minimal free form of a language that has a given sound and meaning and syntactic function.”可知，本题的正确答案为D。问题:3. Words of the basic word stock can each be used alone, and at the same time can form new words with o
4、ther roots and affixes, e.g., foot is the father of football, footage and footprint. This demonstrates that one of the characteristics of the words of the basic stock is _.A.productivityB.polysemyC.stabilityD.collocability答案:A解析 英语中的基本词汇可以单独使用，也可以和其他的词根或词缀一起构成新词。这一点体现出了基本词汇的五个特征中的能产性，即“productivity”
5、。问题:4. The Indo-European language family is made up of most of the languages of Europe, the Near East and _.A.IndiaB.the Far EastC.the West AsiaD.America答案:A问题:5. In the early period of Modern English, Europe saw a new upsurge of learning ancient Greek and _ classics. This is known in history as the
6、 Renaissance.A.IndiaB.GermanC.RomanD.Chinese答案:C解析 在现代英语初期，欧洲兴起了一场以学习古罗马和古希腊经典著作(ancient Greek and Roman classics)为中心的人文知识运动，这就是文艺复兴运动。问题:6. Which of the following statements is NOT true?A.Old English was a. highly inflected language.B.In early Middle English period, English, Latin and Celtic existe
7、d side by side.C.The introduction of printing into England marked the beginning of Modern English period.D.The most important mode of vocabulary development in present-day English is the creation of new words by means of word-formation.答案:B解析 在中古英语早期，并存的语言是法语、拉丁语和英语。凯尔特语(Celtic)仅在古英语时期有过一定的影响。问题:7.
8、The smallest functioning unit in the composition of words is _.A.morphemeB.affixC.rootD.stem答案:A问题:8. There is/are _ monomorphemic word(s) in the following words: hot, dog, feet, matches.A.1B.2C.3D.4答案:B解析 题目中的四个词中“feet”是“foot”的复数形式，它是通过改变内部元音的方式来体现复数概念的一种词素变体的特殊形式，不属于单词素词。“matches”也是多词素词。问题:9. The
9、plural morpheme -s is pronounced as/s/in the following words EXCEPT _.A.packsB.bagsC.cheatsD.ships答案:B问题:10. 30% to 40% of the total number of new words in English vocabulary are produced through _.A.affixationB.clippingC.compoundingD.shortening答案:A问题:11. The formation of new words by converting wor
10、ds of one class to another class is called _.A.prefixationB.suffixationC.acronymyD.conversion答案:D解析 转类法(conversion)就是通过把词从一种类别转化到另外一种类别而形成新词的过程。A项“prefixation”是前缀法；B项“suffixation”是后缀法；C项“acronymy”是首字母拼音法。问题:12. The method of creating words by removing the supposed suffixes is called _.A.back-formati
11、onB.clippingC.blendingD.suffixation答案:A解析 逆生法和后缀法相反，是把假定的后缀去掉，反过来构成新词的过程。之所以称“假定的后缀”是因为原词中所谓的词缀其实只是形式上和后缀一样而已，实质上它们是词的整体中不可分割的一部分。问题:13. _ accounts for the connection between the linguistic symbol and its meaning.A.SenseB.MotivationC.ConceptD.Reference答案:B问题:14. By _ motivation, we mean that the mea
12、ning of a particular word is related to its origin.A.onomatopoeicB.morphologicalC.semanticD.etymological答案:D问题:15. In English there are _ types of motivation that concern the relationship between the sign and meaning.A.2B.3C.4D.5答案:C问题:16. What is a common feature peculiar to all natural languages?A
13、.Suffixation.B.Variation.C.Allomorph.D.Polysemy.答案:D解析 一词多义现象(polysemy)是世界上所有语言的共同特征，而后缀法(suffixation)、变体(variation) 及词素变体(allomorph)仅是个别语言的特征。问题:17. Red, scarlet, mauve, violet, lavender, pansy, black, purple, etc., make up the _ field of colours.A.stylisticB.semanticC.ellipticD.syntactic答案:B解析 英语语
14、言中的词汇可以看做是由若干个语义域组成的。德国语言学家Trier认为，“词汇是语义相关的综合系统”。因此，语言的词汇可以分成相关的集或场。题目中的红色、猩红色、淡紫色、紫色、黑色等共同组成了颜色(colours)这个语义场，即semantic field of“colours”。问题:18. What is applicable to contradictory terms of some antonyms may NOT be applicable to their _ terms.A.connotativeB.collocativeC.relativeD.negative答案:C解析 有些
15、关系反义词和矛盾反义词很相似，但它们的实质不同。矛盾反义词的最大特点就是，如果肯定一方就否定了另一方，而在关系反义词中这种“非此即彼”的模式行不通。例如：lf an adult is not a husband, this person must be a wife. 一个成年人如果不是丈夫，就一定是妻子。显然，这种逻辑是不合情理的。问题:19. When a common word is turned into a proper noun, the meaning is _ accordingly.A.relatedB.narrowedC.createdD.suggested答案:B问题:2
16、0. Which of the following words was used during the American Civil War to refer to those northerners who were secretly aiding the South?A.Rattlesnake.B.Villain.C.Informer.D.Copperhead.答案:D问题:21. People change word-meaning owing to various _ motives: love, respect, courtesy, suspicion, pessimism, sar
17、casm, irony, contempt, hatred, etc.A.psychologicalB.socialC.communicativeD.lexical答案:A解析 导致词汇意思变化的因素有语言因素和非语言因素。非语言因素包括：历史原因、阶级原因、心理原因。题目中的“love”，“respect”，“courtesy”，“suspicion”等心理动机对词的意思有很大影响。问题:22. In a narrow sense, context refers to the words, clauses, sentences in which a word appears and is k
18、nown as _ context.A.non-linguisticB.linguisticC.grammaticalD.lexical答案:B解析 狭义的语境指的是语言语境(linguistic context)，而广义的语境则还包含非语言语境(extra-linguistic context or non-linguistic context)。问题:23. Which of the following is one of the main functions of verbal context?A.Elimination of ambiguity.B.Indication of refe
19、rents.C.Provision of clues for inferring word-meaning.D.All the above.答案:D问题:24. Which of the following is NOT true about extra-linguistic context?A.It can be subdivided into grammatical context and non-linguistic context.B.It refers to physical situation or environment relating to the use of words.
20、C.It embraces the people, time and place.D.It may extend to embrace the entire cultural background.答案:A问题:25. The idiom fall into good hands is a _ as far as figures of speech are concerned.A.synecdocheB.metaphorC.metonymyD.personification答案:A解析 题目中的“fall into good hands”这个习语运用的是提喻(synecdoche)的修辞手法。
21、提喻指的是用一种事物的一部分来指代其整体的修辞手法。虽然也涉及更换名称，但是换喻(metonymy)是用一种事物来指代另一个与其紧密相关的事物，而提喻则是用一种事物的部分来指代另外一种事物的整体。问题:26. Flesh and blood is an idiom _ in nature.A.verbalB.nominalC.adjectivalD.adverbial答案:B解析 习语“flesh and blood”具有名词性质，执行名词的功能。它的意思是“骨肉，血肉之躯”。问题:27. The change of idiom velvet paws from the original fo
22、rm is _.A.replacementB.position-shiftingC.additionD.shortening答案:D解析 习语“velvet paws”的完整形式是“velvet paws hide sharp claws”。在实际的使用过程中，完整的形式经常会被缩短，写成简略的形式，但两者的功能是一样的。问题:28. American dictionaries generally use _ to mark the pronunciation.A.British Phonetic AlphabetB.American Phonetic AlphabetC.Internatio
23、nal Phonetic AlphabetD.Websters Phonetic Alphabet答案:D问题:29. Which of the following dictionaries is NOT a specialized dictionary?A.The Oxford Dictionary of English Etymology.B.Chambers Encyclopedic English Dictionary.C.Longman Dictionary of Phrasal Verbs.D.Websters New Dictionary of Synonyms.答案:B解析 专
24、用词典是专门为语言或知识的特定方面而编写的，因此这类词典都有其特定的使用的范围，而B项钱伯斯英语百科词典(Chambers Encyclopedic Dictionary)则是一部百科全书词典，百科全书词典既有普通百科全书的特点又有语言类词典的特点，但其在分类上不属于专用词典。问题:30. Usage notes of the dictionary explain _.A.the slight difference between words of similar meaningsB.difficult points of grammar and styleC.important Britis
25、h and American differencesD.all the above答案:D.Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book.问题:1. The general estimate of the present-day English vocabulary is over one _ words.答案:million问题:2. At the end of 6th century, Latin-speaking missionaries un
26、der St. Augustine came to spread Christianity in Britain. It brought many new ideas and customs and also many _ terms, such as abbot, candle, altar, etc.答案:religious问题:3. The forms that are attached to words or word elements to modify meaning or function are _.答案:affixes问题:4. The process of changing
27、 the word possible into impossible is called _.答案:prefixation问题:5. The synonymous pair die-pass away has the same _ but different stylistic values.答案:concept问题:6. Semantically, all _ are related in one way or another.答案:words问题:7. Fortuitous formerly denoted happening by chance, accidental and later
28、 took on the meaning fortunate probably by _ because the two words look similar.答案:analogy问题:8. The sentence He is a hard businessman. is ambiguous due to _.答案:polysemy问题:9. The characteristic of idioms_ unity can be reflected by the understanding of such idiom as rain cats and dogs.答案:semantic问题:10
29、. Definition, extra-column and usage _ are the unique features of Collins COBUILD English Language Dictionary(1987).答案:examples.Define the following terms.问题:1. jargon答案: Jargon refers to the specialized vocabularies by which members of particular arts, sciences, trades and professions communicate a
30、mong themselves.问题:2. derivational affix答案: As the term indicates, derivational affixes are affixes added to other morphemes to create new words. Derivational affixes can be divided into prefixes and suffixes.问题:3. grammatical meaning答案: Grammatical meaning refers to that part of the meaning of the
31、word which indicates grammatical concept or relationships.问题:4. associated transfer答案: Associated transfer is the very kind of transfer in which the meaning of a word is transferred through association.问题:5. variations of idioms答案: Variations of idioms refer to the changes in constituents of the idi
32、oms when they are used in actual context. These changes include: addition, deletion, replacement, position-shifting, dismembering, etc.Answer the following questions. Your answers should be clear and short. Write your answers in the space given below.问题:1. leorn-ianlern-enlearn Above is the change o
33、f learn from Old English through Middle English to Modern English. What can you conclude from the viewpoint of the development of English vocabulary? 答案: From the example, it can he concluded that in Modern English, word endings were mostly lost with just a few exceptions. It can be said that Englis
34、h has evolved from a synthetic language (Old English) to Middle English which had fewer inflections to the present analytic language.问题:2. Both initialisms and acronyms are formed to a certain extent from initial letters. Is there any difference between them? Illustrate your point with examples.答案:
35、Initialisms are words pronounced letter by letter, while acronyms are words formed from initial letters but pronounced as a normal word. The difference lies in the pronunciation. For example, initialisms VOA and p.c. are pronounced as and /pi:si:/ respectively. Acronyms NATO and laser are pronounced
36、 as and respectively.问题:3. What is the appropriate antonym for acute in the following statement? She got an acute pain in her back. 答案: In the sentence, acute pain means the pain that quickly becomes very severe. In this case, the word dull can be its antonym, and dull pain serves as a counterpart o
37、f acute pain.问题:4. What are contextual clues? Guess the meaning of the word underlined in the following sentence and tell what contextual clues have helped you in arriving at the meaning. (a) Perhaps the most startling theory to come out of kinesics, the study of body movement, was suggested by Prof
38、essor Birdwhistell. (b)Its just one more incredible result of the development of microprocessors-those tiny parts of a computer commonly known as silicon chips. 答案:Context clues are the hints the author manages to give to help readers grasp the concept or understand the idea of some new words. Conte
39、xt clues vary a great deal but can be summed as follows: definition, explanation, example, antonymy, hyponymy. relevant details and word structure. With the help of these context clues, the meaning of the word in sentence (a) can be guessed by means of definition; the meaning of the word in sentence
40、 (b) can be guessed by means of explanation.Analyze and comment on the following. Write your answers in the space given below.问题:1. Comment on the following groups to illustrate the difference between partial and full conversion. Group 1: white-a white, final-finals Group 2: rich-the rich, wounded-t
41、he wounded 答案: Conversion, also known as functional shift, is the formation of new words by converting words from one class to another. It is not unusual to have nouns converted from adjectives. Unlike verbs, not all adjectives which are converted can achieve a full noun status. Some are complete, k
42、nown as full conversion; some are partially converted. known as partial conversion. In group one, the words white and final are completely converted to nouns. They can function as nouns wherever they are needed. But in group two, the words rich and wounded are only partially converted, therefore, th
43、ey cannot function as nouns alone and should be connected with definite articles. These words still retain some of the adjective features, for example, the poor, the poorer, the most corrupted. 问题:2. Analyze and comment on the meanings of the following sentences and then find out the right antonyms
44、for each fast respectively. A My god, look, this clock is one hour fast, as if we were at Tokyo. B The colors arent fast, so be careful when you wash this shirt. C The delegation paid a fast visit to the United Kingdom last month. 答案: In sentence A, the word fast means later(of time). The sentence s
45、uggests that the clock the speaker mentions is later than the correct time. Its antonym is slow. In sentence B, the word fast means firm. The sentence suggests that the colors on the shirt are not firm. Its antonym is loose. In sentence C, the word fast means short. The sentence thus means that the delegation paid a short visit to the United Kingdom. Its antonym is long. 18 / 18