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1、Designation: E 505 01 (Reapproved 2006) Standard Reference Radiographs for Inspection of Aluminum and Magnesium Die Castings1 This standard is issued under the fi xed designation E 505; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of original adoption or, in the case of revisi
2、on, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval. 1. Scope 1.1 These reference radiographs illustrate the categories and severity levels of discontinuities that
3、may occur in aluminum- alloy and magnesium-alloy die castings. They are intended to provide: 1.1.1 A guide enabling recognition of discontinuities and their differentiation both as to type and severity level through radiographic examination. 1.1.2 Example radiographic illustrations of discontinuitie
4、s and a nomenclature for reference in acceptance standards, specifi cations, and drawings. 1.1.3 The values stated in inch-pounds are to be regarded as standard. NOTE 1The set of reference radiographs consists of fi ve 812by 11-in. cardboard frames containing radiographs covering discontinuities in
5、aluminum and magnesium alloy die castings. The fi rst four frames each contain two sets of four graded levels of increasing severity, while the last frame contains two ungraded radiographs. The 5 frames are contained in a 1012by 1112-in. ring binder. NOTE2Reference radiographs applicable to aluminum
6、 and magne- sium castings up to 2 in. (50 mm) in thickness are contained in ASTM Reference Radiographs E 155, for Inspection of Aluminum and Magne- sium Castings, Volumes I and II. 1.2 Two kinds of illustration categories are covered as follows: 1.2.1 GradedThree discontinuity categories for alumi-
7、num die castings and three discontinuity categories for mag- nesium die castings, each illustrated in four levels of progres- sively increasing severity. Category A discontinuities are illustrated for aluminum and magnesium die castings having thicknesses of 18in. (3.2 mm) and58in. (15.9 mm); Catego
8、ry B discontinuities are illustrated for 18-in. thick aluminum and magnesium die castings; and Category C discontinuities are illustrated for 58-in. thick aluminum and magnesium die castings. 1.2.2 UngradedOne illustration of one discontinuity for 0.20-in. (5.1-mm) thickness aluminum die casting; an
9、d one illustration of one discontinuity for 18-in. (3.2-mm) thickness magnesium die casting. 1.3 This document may be used for other materials, thick- nesses, or with other energy levels for which it has been found to be applicable and agreement has been reached between the purchaser and manufacture
10、r. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- priate safety and health practices and determine the applica- bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. 2. Refe
11、renced Documents 2.1 ASTM Standards: 2 E 94 Guide for Radiographic Examination E 155 Reference Radiographs for Inspection of Aluminum and Magnesium Castings E 1316 Terminology for Nondestructive Examinations 2.2 ASTM Adjuncts: Reference Radiographs for Inspection of Aluminum and Magnesium Die Castin
12、gs3 3. Terminology 3.1 Defi nitionsFor defi nitions of terms used in this docu- ment, see Terminology E 1316. 4. Appearance of Radiographic Indications 4.1 The following descriptions are for use in discontinuity identifi cation and classifi cation. These descriptions apply to these reference radiogr
13、aphs only. 4.1.1 Category A (Porosity)Round or elongated, smooth- edged dark spots occurring individually distributed or in clusters. 4.1.2 Category B (Cold Fill)A distinct darkened line or band of variable length and defi nite smooth outline, usually continuous or interconnected. 1These reference r
14、adiographs are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E07 on Nondestructive Testing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E07.02 on Reference Radiological Images. Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2006. Published January 2007. Originally approved in 1974. Last previous edition approved i
15、n 2001 as E 505 - 01. 2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website. 3Available from ASTM Headquarters.
16、Order RRE0505. 1 Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States. Copyright ASTM International Provided by IHS under license with ASTM Licensee=Delphi Steering Systems/5943248100 Not for Resale, 02/09/2010 02:17:15 MSTNo reproduction
17、or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- 4.1.3 Category C (Shrinkage)Filamentary or jagged dark- ened areas, usually continuous or interconnected. 4.1.4 Category D (Foreign Material) Isolated irregular variation in fi lm density, either lighter or darker than surround- ing areas. They
18、may indicate the inclusion of oxide or dross or metallic compounds of different density. Illustration shows a more dense material. 5. Signifi cance and Use 5.1 These radiographs are so designed that acceptance standards, which may be developed for particular require- ments, can be specifi ed in term
19、s of these radiographs. The radiographs are of castings that were produced under condi- tions designed to produce the discontinuities. These reference radiographs are intended to be used for casting thickness ranges in accordance with Table 1. 5.2 The radiographic illustrations listed in Table 1 ill
20、ustrate three types of discontinuities in four severity levels. Two ungraded illustrations have been included to establish the radiographic appearance of foreign material. 5.3 These reference radiographs were produced in accor- dance with Guide E 94. All of the references are original radiographs. 5
21、.4 Film DeteriorationRadiographic fi lms are subject to wear and tear from handling and use. The extent to which the image deteriorates over time is a function of storage condi- tions, care in handling and amount of use. Reference radio- graph fi lms are no exception and may exhibit a loss in image
22、quality over time. The radiographs should therefore be peri- odically examined for signs of wear and tear, including scratches, abrasions, stains, and so forth. Any reference radio- graphs which show signs of excessive wear and tear which could infl uence the interpretation and use of the radiograph
23、s should be replaced. 6. Basis for Application 6.1 These reference radiographs may be applied as accep- tance standards tailored to the end use of the product. Appli- cation of these reference radiographs as acceptance standards should be based on the intended use of the product and the following co
24、nsiderations (see Note 3): 6.1.1 Unless otherwise specifi ed, discontinuities of equal or lesser severity than that in the specifi ed reference radiograph are acceptable in any specifi ed unit area of the casting. The size of the unit area should be specifi ed in the acceptance criteria. Discontinui
25、ties more severe than those in the specifi ed refer- ence radiograph shall be considered rejectable. 6.1.2 Any combination or portion of these reference radio- graphs may be used as is relevant to the particular application. Different grades or acceptance limits may be specifi ed for each discontinu
26、ity type. Further, different grades may be specifi ed for various regions or zones of the component. 6.1.3 Special consideration may be required where more than one discontinuity type is present in the same area. Any modifi cation of the acceptance criteria required on the basis of multiple disconti
27、nuity types must be specifi ed. 6.1.4 Where the reference radiograph contains multiple discontinuities, as in that case of gas holes, acceptance may be based upon the aggregate area of the discontinuities, the maximum discontinuity size in the reference radiograph, the spacing between discontinuitie
28、s, or a combination of these or other criteria, or both. 6.1.5 As a minimum the acceptance criteria should contain information addressing; zoning of the part (if applicable), acceptance severity level for each discontinuity type, and the specifi c area to which the reference radiographs are to be ap
29、plied. NOTE3Caution should be exercised in specifying the acceptance criteria to be met in the casting. Casting design coupled with foundry practice should be considered. It is advisable to consult with the manufacturer or foundry before establishing the acceptance criteria to ensure the desired qua
30、lity level can be achieved. 7. Keywords 7.1 aluminum; die castings; discontinuities; magnesium; reference radiographs; X-ray TABLE 1 Reference Radiographs for Aluminum and Magnesium Die Castings Discontinuity Plate Thickness, in. (mm) Applicable Casting Thickness, in. (mm) Aluminum Die Castings Cate
31、gory A (Porosity) 18(3.2) up to 38(9.5), incl Category A (Porosity) 58(15.9) over 38to 1 (9.5 to 25.4), incl Category B (Cold fi ll) 18(3.2) up to 38(9.5), incl Category C (Shrinkage) 58(15.9) over 38to 1 (9.5 to 25.4), incl Category D (Foreign material) 0.200 (5.08)up to 1 (25.4), incl Magnesium Di
32、e Castings Category A (Porosity) 18(3.2) up to 38(9.5), incl Category A (Porosity) 58(15.9) over 38to 1 (9.5 to 25.4), incl Category B (Cold fi ll) 18(3.2) up to 38(9.5), incl Category C (Shrinkage) 58(15.9) over 38to 1 (9.5 to 25.4), incl Category D (Foreign material) 18(3.2) up to 1 (25.4), incl E
33、 505 01 (2006) 2 Copyright ASTM International Provided by IHS under license with ASTM Licensee=Delphi Steering Systems/5943248100 Not for Resale, 02/09/2010 02:17:15 MSTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity
34、 of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentioned in this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the risk of infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility. This standard is subje
35、ct to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every fi ve years and if not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standards and should be addressed to ASTM International Headqu
36、arters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of the responsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you should make your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below. This st
37、andard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the above address or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), o
38、r serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website (www.astm.org). E 505 01 (2006) 3 Copyright ASTM International Provided by IHS under license with ASTM Licensee=Delphi Steering Systems/5943248100 Not for Resale, 02/09/2010 02:17:15 MSTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,-