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1、专题十定语从句1. (2014安徽卷)The exact year _ Angela and her family spent together in China was 2008.A. when B. whereC. why D. which2. (2014北京卷)I borrow the book Sherlock Holmes from the library last week, _ my classmates recommended to me.A. who B. whichC. when D. where3. (2014福建卷)Students should involve the
2、mselves in community activities _ they can gain experience for growth.A. who B. whenC. which D. where4. (2014江西卷)Among the many dangers _sailors have to face, probably the greatest of all is fog.A. which B. whatC. where D. when 5. (2014江西卷)It was the middle of the night _ my father woke me up and to
3、ld me to watch the football game.A. that B. asC. which D. when 6. (2014浙江卷)I dont become a serious climber until the fifth grade, _ I went up to rescue a kite that was stuck in the branches of a tree.A. when B. whereC. which D. why7. (2014江苏卷)The book has helped me greatly in my daily communication,
4、 especially at work _ a good impression is a must.A. which B. whenC. as D. where8. (2014湖南卷)I am looking forward to the day _ my daughter can read this book and know my feelings for her.A. as B. why C. when D. where9. (2014山东卷)A company _ profits from home markets are declining may seek opportunitie
5、s abroad. A. which B. whoseC. who D. why 10. (2014四川卷)Until now, we have raised 50，000 pounds for the poor children, _ is quite unexpected.A. that B. whichC. who D. it1. 【答案】 D【解析】 句意：Angela和她的家人一起在中国度假确切是在2008年。先行词是the exact year，后面的定语从句Angela and her family spent together in China中动词spent后面缺少宾语，所以
6、使用关系代词which，在句中作宾语。2. 【答案】 B【解析】 句意：上个星期我从图书馆里借了Sherlock Holmes，这是我的同学推荐给我的。本题考查的是非限制性定语从句，先行词是the book Sherlock Holmes，在定语从句中which指代先行词并作为定语从句中的动词recommend的宾语。3. 【答案】 D【解析】 句意：学生应该参与社区活动，在社区活动里他们能够获得成长的经验。本题考查定语从句，先行词是community activities，后面的定语从句they can gain experience for growth是主谓宾句子，并且结构很完整，所以使
7、用关系副词来引导这个定语从句，where在句中相当于in which，充当状语。when的先行词通常是表示时间的名词。4. 【答案】 A【解析】 句意：在海员面对的很多危险中，也许最大的危险是雾。本题考查定语从句，先行词是the many dangers，在定语从句中关系代词which指代先行词，在句中作为动词face的宾语，也可以省略。5. 【答案】 D【解析】 句意：我的父亲把我叫醒并要我看足球赛的时候是在半夜。本句中的when引导的是一个时间状语从句。本句容易错选A项，认为是强调句型，实际上the middle of the night不能单独作时间状语，如果在the middle of
8、 the night前面加上in，本题就可以选择A 项了。6. 【答案】 A【解析】 句意：直到五年级我才成为一个很认真的攀登者，在那时我登高去拿下一个卡在树枝上的风筝。本题定语从句的先行词是the fifth grade，后面定语从句中主谓宾句子结构很完整，所以使用关系副词来引导定语从句，因为先行词表示时间，所以使用when。7. 【答案】 D【解析】 句意：在日常交流中这本书帮了我很多，尤其是在需要有良好印象的工作之中。本题定语从句的先行词是work，后面的定语从句的主系表结构很完整，所以使用关系副词在从句中作状语，work是模糊化的地点名词，所以用where引导这个定语从句。8. 【答案
9、】 C【解析】 句意：我一直都在期待着我的女儿能够阅读这本书并理解我对她的感情的那一天。本题是一个定语从句，先行词是the day，后面的定语从句主谓宾结构非常完整，所以使用关系副词when在句中作时间状语。9. 【答案】 B【解析】 句意：一个利润来自国内市场的公司，其利润正在下滑的，也许可以开拓国外市场。本题是一个定语从句，先行词是a company，后面的定语从句中名词profits前面缺少定语修饰，所以使用关系代词whose引导这个定语从句，并在从句中作定语。whose profits相当于the profits of which。10. 【答案】 B【解析】 句意：到现在为止，我们已
10、经为贫穷的孩子募捐到了五万英镑，这一点是完全没有预料到的。本句中的关系代词which指代前面主句的内容，引导非限制性定语从句，并在从句中作主语。定语从句是高考的重点，也是学生英语学习中的难点。从句中关系代词与关系副词的选择是多年来的主要考点。高考对定语从句的考查热点有：which、as的用法；模糊化的地点名词作先行词时，对where的运用；“介词 which / whom/whose”；定语从句与其他从句，如名词性从句、状语从句的区别，以及与强调句型的区别。要点储备一：定语从句的几个基本概念作用起形容词的作用，在句中修饰一个名词或代词There was an accident that /wh
11、ich happened at the street corner. (that /which 引导定语从句，从句置于先行词an accident之后； that/which为关系代词，在从句中作主语) The reason why he was late for class was that he was caught in the traffic. (why引导定语从句，从句置于先行词the reason之后； why为关系副词，在从句中作原因状语)位置在一个名词或代词后面，或被某些状语分隔先行词被修饰的名词或代词关系词引导定语从句的词，分关系代词与关系副词。它的作用：一是放在先行词与定语
12、从句中间，起连接作用；二是在从句中充当一个成分要点储备二：关系代词与关系副词的具体作用关系词先行词从句成分例句备注关系代词who人主语Do you know the man who is talking with your mother？whom, which和that在限制性定语从句中作宾语时，常可以省略，但介词提前时后面关系代词不能省略，也不可以用thatwhom人宾语Mr Smith is the person with whom I am working. The boy (whom) she loved died in the war.whose人,物主语I like those b
13、ooks whose topics are about history. The boy whose father works abroad is my deskmate.that人,物主语，宾语，表语A plane is a machine that can fly. She is the pop star (that) I want to see very much.which物主语，宾语The book (which) I gave you was worth $10. The picture which was about the accident was terrible.as人，物
14、主语，宾语He is such a person as is respected by all of us. This is the same pen as I lost yesterday.as作宾语一般不省略关系副词when时间时间状语I will never forget the day when we met there.when可用on /in which代替where地点地点状语This is the house where I was born.where可用in /at which代替why原因原因状语I cant imagine the reason why he turne
15、d down my offer.why可用for which代替要点储备三：that与which, who与whom的用法区别情况用法说明例句只用that的情况1. 先行词为all, everything, anything, nothing, little, much等不定代词时2. 先行词被all, any, every, each, much, little, no, some, few等词修饰时3. 先行词有形容词最高级和序数词修饰时4. 先行词既指人又指物时5. 先行词被the only, the very修饰时6. 句中已经有who或which时，为了避免重复时The book t
16、hat you offered has been given out.This is the best film that I have ever read.We talked about the persons and things that we remembered.He is the only man that I want to see.Who is the man that is making a speech？只用which, who, whom，而不用that的情况1. 在非限制性定语从句中，只能用which指物，用who/whom指人2. 在由“介词关系代词”引导的定语从句中
17、，只能用which指物，whom指人， whose表所属关系3. 先行词本身是that时，关系词用which, 先行词为those, one, he时多用whoHe has a son, who has gone abroad for further study.I like the person to whom the teacher is talking.Those who respect others are usually respected by others.要点储备四：as与which的区别定语从句区别例句在限制性定语从句中名词前有such和the same或as, so修饰时，
18、关系代词用as, 不能用whichHe is not such a fool as he looks.Dont read such books as you cant understand.在非限制性定语从句中关系代词先行词含义位置典型句型例句as整个主句正如，像在主句前、中、后均可As anybody can see, as is well knownas is known to all, as often happens，as has been said above，as is often the caseI am patient with my child, which my husba
19、nd seldom is. She is a fine singer, as her mother used to be. They won the game, as we had expected. They won the game, which we hadnt expected. As is well known, he is a famous film star in the 1980swhich1. 先行名词2. 部分主句内容3. 整个主句1. 相当于先行词2. 这一点( and that)只能在先行词之后从句为否定含义时，关系代词只能用which要点储备五：限制性定语从句与非限制
20、性定语从句的区别类别语法意义及特征例句限制性定语从句1. 对先行词起修饰限制作用，如果去掉，主句意思就不完整明确，这种从句与主句的关系十分密切，写时不用逗号分开2. 关系代词作从句宾语时，可省略The accident happened at the time when I left.The book(that/which) he lent to me was missing.非限制性定语从句1. 对先行词作附加的说明，与主句的关系不十分密切，较松散。2. 从句和主句之间用逗号分开，相当于一个插入语，不能用that, why引导；任何关系代词或副词都不能省略3. 非限制性定语从句的适用情形：(
21、1) 独一无二的词作先行词(2) 从句中表部分信息或包括所有时，如：., some/any/most/30%/one/all/none of which/whom.His mother, whom he loved deeply, died ten years ago.He has three sons, none of whom is a doctor.He fell ill suddenly, for which he didnt attend the meeting yesterday.He went to Beijing in 2003, where he became famous
22、after seven years.重点突破七注意1 when, where与that/which的选用(1) 当先行词是stay, period, interval, time, age, occasion等，从句中缺状语时，用when (2) 先行词是spot，sport，family，the Internet，society，case，situation，condition，scene等模糊化的地点名词，从句中缺状语时，用where(先行词是stage，可用where或when引导) (3) 从句中缺主语宾语时，用that/whichThe old man will never forg
23、et his stay there when he found his missing son. She brought the police to the same spot where she witnessed the accident. Their child is at the stage where she can say individual words but not full sentences. She put forward some conditions that/which she attached to the contract.2从句中谓语动词的数当关系代词在从句
24、中作主语时，从句中的谓语动词的数与先行词保持一致Tom was one of the_boys who were_praised by the headmaster yesterday.Tom was the(only)_one of the boys who was_praised by the headmaster yesterday.I,_who am your teacher, will try to help you.3“介词关系代词”中介词的选择及其关系词的选择介词(1) 关系代词不能省略(2) 介词的选用与从句中谓语动词有关或与先行词有关或与整句语境有关(3) 此结构引导的定语从
25、句可与“此结构 不定式”互换In the dark street, there wasnt a single person to whom she could turn for help. (turn to sb. for help)Tom, in whose car I went to the station, is my good friend.Recently I bought an ancient vase, the price of which(whose price) was very reasonable.He has no money with which he can buy
26、 food. He has no money with which to buy food. He has no money which to buy food with.4分隔定语从句(同位语从句)分隔定语从句与先行词之间被同位语、状语、谓语等成分分开(解题关键：移开分隔部分，找准先行词)Ive become good friends with several of the students in my school who I met in the English speech contest last year.(定语从句)The news came that our team won
27、the match. (同位语从句)5特殊引导结构from where during which time in which case since when (定语从句中用现在完成时) by when(定语从句中用完成时)He stood before the window, from where he watched his students playing football.He was born in World War ， during which time thousands of millions of people were killed.He may not come, in
28、which case we will go there without him.He went to the city in 2004, since when he has made great process in his career.They settled in Seatle last year, by when she had obtained a masters degree in economics.6从句中关系代词与关系副词的选择(1) 定语从句中缺状语时，用关系副词when, where, why；从句中缺主语、宾语时用关系代词that, which(2) the way作先
29、行词时，从句中缺状语时用that, in which或不用任何关系词This is just the same pen that I lost yesterday.He returned to the same place where he had found his watch.The way (that/ in which ) he handled the problem was simple.The way (that/ which) he thought of to handle the problem was simple.7与其他从句以及并列句的区别与结果状语从句的区别This i
30、s such a heavy bag as I cant carry.This is such a heavy bag that I cant carry it.与并列句或独立主格结构的区别There are two holes, each of which was made by mice. There are two holes, each of them made by mice. There are two holes, and each of them was made by mice.My friend Mary may be ill, in which case I will v
31、isit her. My friend Mary may be ill, and in that case I will visit her. My friend Mary may be ill; in that case I will visit her.与名词性从句的区别As is known to all, the compass was first made in China.It is known to all that the compass was first made in China.What is known to all is that the compass was f
32、irst made in China.与强调句型的区别It was at 7 oclock pm.that he came back.(强调句型)It was 7 oclock pm.when he came back.(定语从句)1. She suggests another approach, one，I think, _ suits us better.A. that B. where C. which D. who 2. Jims mother doesnt push too hard on him, _ really benefit a lot from her relaxed at
33、titude.A. which B. what C. that D. who3. With the development of agriculture, the people _ village I taught are now living a happy life.A. in whose B. whose C. in which D. which4. Naturally a smile _ the eyes participate is extremely communicative.A. to which B. in which C. at which D. with which5.
34、What sets human beings apart from animals is not the pursuit of happiness, but the pursuit of meaning, _ is unique to humans.A. that B. what C. which D. as6. In South Africa, English is the language _ black parents wish their children to be educated.A. for which B. thatC. in which D. when 7. Where d
35、id you have the discussion with Professor Snow? It was in the classroom _ we had a biology lesson yesterday.A. which B. when C. that D. where8. How are things going, Janet? They have set out to deal with the present situation _ they think deserves their immediate attention.A. which B. where C. when
36、D. what9. The camera you mentioned is of high quality, but it is _ expensive a camera _ I cant afford. A. so; that B. so; asC. too; that D. too; as10. Global warming has become a serious problem, _ we must find solutions.A. from which B. to whichC. with which D. in which 11. _ is often the case with
37、 elder people, my grandma talked about my new hairstyle for at least 30 minutes.A. What B. Which C. As D. It12. When deeply lost in thought, _ he often was, he would forget all about eating or sleeping.A. that B. where C. which D. when13. Henry made a list of all the possible solutions, _ seemed hel
38、pful in handling the present situation, though. A. none of them B. none of whichC. all of which D. all of them14. From this year, reforms will be pushed through in some test areas, _ the government will set grain prices based more on the market.A. where B. which C. that D. why15. I dont like any hum
39、or in this serious speech because I cant think of any circumstance _ this would be beneficial or useful.A. which B. whether C. where D. as1. 【答案】 A【解析】 句意：她提出了另一个途径，一个我认为较适合我的途径。I think是插入语；that作定语从句中的主语，先行词为不定代词，不用关系代词which。2. 【答案】 D【解析】 句意：Jim的妈妈对他不是过分严格，从她的宽松态度中他真正获益良多。从句先行词是him, 指人用who不用which。3.
40、 【答案】 A【解析】 句意：随着农业的发展，我曾教过书的那个村庄的人们正过着幸福的日子。此处，whose在从句中作定语，in whose village in the peoples village。4. 【答案】 B【解析】 句意：自然地，有眼神参与的微笑是一种极好的交流方式。定语从句的先行词是smile，participate是不及物动词，后跟宾语时要接介词in。5. 【答案】 C【解析】 句意：不是对幸福的追求而是对生命意义的追求才使得人类与动物不同，这是人类独有的。which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰前面整句话的内容。as也可以引导非限制性定语从句，但表“正如”，且常用于被动语态中。
41、6. 【答案】 C【解析】 句意：在南非，黑人父母都希望他们的孩子能够接受英语教育。be educated in sth.(在方面受教育)。定语从句中主语宾语齐全，故用in which来引导从句。7. 【答案】 D【解析】 句意：你在哪里和Snow教授讨论的？就在我们昨天上生物课的那间教室里。where引导定语从句，在从句中作地点状语，修饰先行词the classroom。本题实际是强调句型的省略句，完整句应是：It was in the classroom where we had a biology lesson yesterday that I had the discussion wi
42、th Professor Snow.8. 【答案】 A【解析】 句意：Janet，目前事情进展如何？他们已开始着手处理这种值得立即关注的现状。they think是插入语，先行词是(the present) situation，又因定语从句中缺少主语成分，故用which来引导定语从句。9. 【答案】 B【解析】 句意：你提到的相机质量好，但太贵我买不起。too不与从句搭配，排除C、D两项；cant afford后缺少宾语，说明是个定语从句，故用关系代词as。如选that，则是结果状语从句，从句中应不缺任何成分。10. 【答案】 B【解析】 句意：全球变暖已经成为一个严重的问题，对此我们必须找到
43、解决方法。根据solution的介词搭配判断正确答案为B项。11. 【答案】 C【解析】 句意：正如所有的老人一样，我祖母对我的新发型唠叨了不下30分钟。as is often the case with.意为“对而言是常有的事，正如一样”，常用于非限制性定语从句。12. 【答案】 C【解析】 句意：每当陷入沉思，他经常这样，他就会废寝忘食。本题考查非限制性定语从句，which指代“deeply lost in thought”，在从句中作表语。13. 【答案】 B【解析】 句意：Henry列出了所有可能的解决方法，但是没有一个似乎有助于应对现状。though表前后转折，故用none；由seemed可知为从句，需用关系代词，故选B项。14. 【答案】 A【解析】 句意：今年开始，将在一些试验地区完成改革。在这些试验地区，政府将更多地基于市场设定粮食价格。非限制性定语从句中不缺主语宾语，故选用where，指代先行词some test areas。15. 【答案】 C【解析】 从结构判断此处是circumstance后的定语从句，排除B项；而从句中主干完整，应该用关系副词，which和as是关系代词，故选C项。 请使用“课后训练语法专项突破十”活页练习，及时查漏补缺！