形容词比较最高级.doc

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1、形容词、副词比较级和最高级总述：大多数形容词（性质形容词）和副词有比较级和最高级的变化，即原级、比较级和最高级，用来表示事物的等级差别。原级即形容词的原形，比较级和最高级有规则变化和不规则变化两种。1) 规则变化1. 单音节词和少数双音节词，加词尾-er，-est来构成比较级和最高级。 构成法 （1） 一般单音节词未尾加-er,-est 原级比较级最高级tall(高的) tallertallestgreat(巨大的)greater greatest （2）以不发音的e结尾的单音词和少数以- le结尾的双音节词只加-r,-st原级比较级最高级nice(好的) nicernicest large(

2、大的)larger largest able（有能力的) ablerablest（3）以一个辅音字母结尾的闭音节单音节词，双写结尾的辅音字母，再加-er，-est原级比较级最高级big(大的)bigger biggest hot热的)hotter hottest（4）以辅音字母+y结尾的双音节词改y为i，再加-er，-est（常用的词有：easy(容易)， lazy(懒)，happy(快乐的)，funny(有趣的)。? 原级比较级最高级easy(容易的)easier easiest busy(忙的)busier busiest （5）少数以-er -ow, ple结尾的双音节词未尾加-er，-

3、est原级比较级最高级clever(聪明的) cleverer cleverest narrow(窄的) narrower narrowestsimple simpler simplest 简单的?（6）三音节或三音节以上的形容词前加more和most，构成其比较级和最高级。原级 比较级 最高级important(重要的) more important most important easily(容易地) more easily most easily （7）以-ful, -ing结尾的双音节词一般加more/most。doubtful-more doubtful-the most doubt

4、ful注意： 英语中，有些双音节形容词可以加more/most，也可以加-er，-est构成比较级和最高级，常见的词有：friendly, clever, narrow, common。 ?2）不规则变化原级 比较级最高级 good(好的)/betterbestbad (坏的)/ worse worstold (老的)older/elderoldest/eldest much/many(多的) more mostlittle(少的)lessleastfar (远的) farther/further farthest/furthest 常考几种特殊题型一、考查“as+原级+as”及其否定式原级比

5、较的句型“as+原级+as”表示“前者与后者一样”；其否定式“not as / so +原级+as”表示“前者不如后者”。注意：若形容词与名词连用，名词自然放在形容词之后，要注意的是若名词是单数可数名词，冠词须置于形容词之后。1. John plays football _, if not better than, David. (全国卷)A. as well B. as well asC. so well D. so well as答案选B。去掉插入语if not better than后，便知用as well as，因为soas只有在否定句中才能用2. He speaks English

6、well indeed, but of course not _ a native speaker. (上海卷)A. as fluent as B. more fluent thanC. so fluently as D. much fluently than答案选C。修饰动词speaks要用副词，排除A和B；又than前应当用比较级，排除D。not so fluently as不如英语本族人讲得流利。3. She doesnt speak _ her friend, but her written work is excellent. (全国卷)A. as well as B. so oft

7、en asC. so much as D. as good as答案选A。(not) as well as不如她朋友说得好；修饰动词speak用副词well, 而不能用形容词good。4. The pianos in the other shop will be _, but _. (全国卷90)A. cheaper; not as better B. more cheap; not as betterC. cheaper; not as good D. more cheap; not as good答案选C。cheap的比较级是cheaper，选出A和C；又asas之间用原级，选出C，后面省

8、略了as those in this shop。二、考查“比较级+than”表示前者超过后者时，通常用“比较级than”句型，有时用“比较级or”来提问。注意：1)比较的双方必须是同类的或可比较的事物2)在any后加上other，来避免自己与自己相比；3)有时省略或不点明被比较的对象，而是通过语境来暗示被比较的对象。如：1. The director gave me a better offer than _. (上海卷)A. that of Dicks B. DicksC. he gave Dick D. those of Dick答案选C。考查比较对象的一致性，主任提供给我的条件比主任提供

9、给Dick的条件好些。2. That doesnt sound very frightening. Paul, Ive seen _. What did you like most about the film? (湖南卷)A. better B. worseC. best D. worst答案选B。省略了than that，通过语境暗示说话人曾见过比前者更糟糕的事。3. Mary kept weighing herself to see how much _ she was getting. (全国卷)A. heavier B. heavyC. the heavier D. the heav

10、iest答案选A。语境表明Mary经常称重是看她比上次重出了多少。4. Professor White has written some stories, but he is _ known for his plays. (全国卷 )A. the best B. moreC. better D. the most答案选C。他的plays与stories相比，plays更为出名。5. Boris has brains. I doubt whether anyone in the class has _ IQ. (全国卷)A. a high B. a higherC. the higher D.

11、the highest答案选B。后面省略了than Boris，用比较级；又比较级后有名词，要用冠词，不是特指时不用the。三、考查“最高级+of / in”三个或三个以上的人或物相比，其中一个人或物在某一方面超出其它人或物时，用“最高级of / in”句型。注意：1)表示的范围与主语是同类事物或同一范畴时用of或among，否则用in；2)most前面用了不定冠词时，意为“很，非常(=very)”，而不是用来构成最高级了。如：Greenland, _ island in the world, covers two million square kilometers. (上海卷)A. it i

12、s the largest B. that is the largestC. is the largest D. the largest答案选D。the largest island in the world是Greenland的同位语。若将答案B的that改为which也对。四、考查“the+比较级, the+比较级”此句型表示后者随着前者的变化而变化，意为“越就越”，前者相当于一个条件句，因此，要用一般现在时代替一般将来时。如：Its believed that _ you work, _ result youll get. (上海卷)A. the harder; the better B

13、. the more hard; the more betterC. the harder; a better D. more hard; more better答案选A。意为：你越努力学习，成绩就越好。more不可修饰比较级。五、考查“the+比较级(+of the two)”表示“两者中较的那个人或物”时，在比较级前加定冠词the。如：1. If the manager had to choose between the two, he would say John was _ choice. (上海卷)A. good B. the bestC. better D. the better答

14、案选D。the better表示两者中“更好的那个”。2. Which is _ country, Canada or Australia? (全国卷)A. a large B. largerC. a larger D. the larger答案选D。问这两个国家中哪个是“较大的那个国家”。注意：若去掉比较级后的country, 则可以不用the。六、考查比较等级的修饰语1) 比较级前可用a bit, a little, rather, some(肯定句及请求或建议的问句中), any(否定句或疑问句中)表示“稍稍、一点”；用much, far, a great / good deal, a

15、lot, lots, a good bit等表示“得多”。如：1. Youre standing too near the camera. Can you move _ ? (上海卷)A. a bit far B. a little fartherC. a bit of farther D. a little far答案选B。与现在所站的位置相比，用比较级。a little或a bit都可放在比较级前，表示“一点”；a bit of后是接名词的，不修饰比较级。2. If there were no examinations, we should have _ at school. (全国卷)A

16、. the happiest time B. a more happier timeC. much happiest time D. a much happier time答案选D。与现在有考试时相比，用比较级。much修饰比较级happier，表示“愉快得多”；more不能修饰比较级。在作定语的比较级形容词前一般只用far或much。如：That was a much / far easier job. 这是件容易得多的工作。在修饰或代替复数可数名词的more前不可用much，而要用many。如：Ive made many more mistakes than you have. 我出的错比

17、你多得多。除quite better外，quite, very, so等不可修饰比较。如：How did you find your visit to the museum?I thoroughly enjoyed it. It was _ than I expected. (全国卷91)A. far more interesting B. even much interestingC. so more interesting D. a lot much interesting答案选A。由than可知要用比较级；far修饰比较级，意为“得多”；so不能修饰比较级。用still, even, y

18、et表示“更加”。其中still只用于肯定句。表示确定程度的修饰语，如分数或有关长度、时间、重量等名词词组通常放在比较级前，也可由by引出而置于比较级之后。如：China is one-sixth larger than the United States. 中国比美国大六分之一2)最高级前可用the very, the second, much the, (by) far the, not quite the等修饰。Guangzhou is the third largest city in China. 广州是中国的第三大城市。可修饰比较级的词1）a bit, a little, rath

19、er, much, far, by far, many, a lot, lots, a great deal, any, still, even等2）还可以用表示倍数的词或度量名词作修饰语。3）以上词(除by far)外，必须置于比较级形容词或副词的前面。典型例题:1）- Are you feeling _? - Yes，Im fine now. A. any wellB. any betterC. quite goodD. quite better答案：B. any 可修饰比较级，quite修饰原级，well的比较级为better. 2）The experiment was_ easier

20、than we had expected. A.more B.much more C.muchD.more much答案：C.much可修饰比较级，因此B，C都说得通，但easier本身已是比较级，不需 more，因此C为正确答案。3）If there were no examinations, we should have _ at school.A. the happiest time B. a more happier timeC. much happiest time D.a much happier time答案：D。 中考英语语法：形容词和副词（同步练习）1. “We must k

21、eep _ in the library.” the woman said _ to me.A. quiet；quietly B. quietly；quietly C.quietly；quiet D. quiet；quiet2. This kind of T-shirt looks _ and sells _.A. nice well B. nice good C. wellwell D. good nice3. John was so sleepy that he could hardly keep his eyes _.A. open B. to be opened C. to open

22、D. opening4. There is _ interesting in Channel 7. Try others.A. something B. nothing C. anything D. everything5. I cant get anything on TV. There must be _with it.A. wrong something B. wrong nothing C. something wrong D. nothing wrong6. None of the students watched the experiment _, did they? A. car

23、eful enough B. carefully enough C. enough careful D. enough carefully7. A: “Has your mother come back home?” B: “_.”A. Not yet B. Not already C. Not still D. Not ever8. There was a _ talk between the two leaders last week.A. friend B. friendship C. friendly D. really9_ the temperature is, _ water tu

24、rns into steam. A. The high the fast B. Higher. faster C. The more higher the faster D. The higher., the faster10. We can do the job better with _ money and _ people.A. lessless B. fewer. fewer C. less fewer D. fewerless11. Linda has received _ that she is unable to get a job.A. such little educatio

25、n B. so little educationC. a such little education D. a so little education12. He eats _ food, but he is _ fat.A. much too too much B. much tootoo many C. too muchmuch too D. too much.many too13. Many students think foreign languages are _science subjects.A. more difficult asB.less difficult than C.

26、 much difficult than D.so difficult as14. Yangpu Bridge is one of _ in the world.A. bigger bridge B. the biggest bridge C. the biggest bridges D. bigger bridges1. John has three sisters. Mary is the _ of the three. (MET88)A. most cleverest B. more clever C. cleverest D. cleverer2. The students are_

27、young people between the age of sixteen and twenty. (MET88)A. most B. almost C. mostly D. at most3. She told us _story that we all forgot about the time. (MET88)A. such an interesting B. such interesting aC. so an interesting D. a so interesting4. It is impossible for so_ workers to do so work in a

28、single day. (MET88)A. few, much B. few, many C. little, much D. little, many5. The horse is getting old and cant run _ it did. (MET88)A. as faster as B. so fast than C. so fast as D. as fast as6. The story sounds_ . (MET89)A. to be true B. as true C. being true D. true7. Id been expecting _ letters

29、the whole morning, but there werent _ for me. (MET89)A. some; any B. many; a few C. some; one D. a few; none8. This year they have produced _ grain _ they did last year. (MET89)A. as less; as B. as few; as C. less; than D. fewer; than9. After the new technique was introduced, the factory produced _

30、tractors in 1988 as the year before. (MET90)A. as twice many B. as many twiceC. twice as many D. twice many as10. The pianos in the other shop will be , but_ . (MET90)A. cheaper; not as better B. more cheaper; not as betterC. cheaper; not as good D. more cheap; not as good11. -Can I help you?-Well,

31、Im afraid the box is_ heavy for you, but thank you all the same. (MET90)A. so B. much C. very D. too12.-Excuse me, is this Mr. Browns office?-Im sorry, but Mr. Brown _ works here. He left about three weeks ago. (MET90)A. not now B. no more C. not still D. no longer13. If we had followed his plan, we

32、 could have done the job better with _ money and _ people. (MET90)A. less; less B. fewer; fewer C. less; fewer D. fewer; less14. Oh, John. _ you gave me! (MET90)A. How a pleasant surprise B. How pleasant surpriseC. What a pleasant surprise D. What pleasant surprise15. -How did you find your visit to

33、 museum?-I thoroughly enjoyed it. It was _ than I expected. (MET91)A. far more interesting B. even much interestingC. so more interesting D. a lot much interesting1.【解析】本题是考查形容词和副词的用法区别。第一句中的keep是连系动词，其后应该加上形容词quiet作表语；而第二句中的谓语是动词said，应选用副词quietly修饰该动词，故本题答案为A。另外，常见的连系动词还有be，become,，get，turn，look，fe

34、el，sound，smell，taste，seem。2. 【解析】本题答案为A。句中looks是连系动词，后接nice构成系表结构。而sell well是固定词组，意为“畅销”。3. 【解析】答案是A。句子中谓语动词keep的后面跟着一个复合宾语，即宾语his eyes和宾补open。这里open是形容词在句中作宾语补足语。4&5.【解析】形容词在修饰复合不定代词something, anything, nothing, everybody, nobody等时，要放在这些不定代词的后面。因此上述两道题的答案分别为4B，5C。6. 【解析】very, so, too等程度副词一般放在被修饰的形容

35、词或副词之前。但enough要后置。因此，可以首先排除选项C和D。另外，因为careful是形容词，不能修饰谓语动词watched，所以本题的答案是B。7. 【解析】答案是A。already和yet这两个副词常用于完成时态中。already用于肯定句中，意思是“已经”。yet用于疑问句和否定句中，在疑问句中译为“已经”，在否定句中意思是“还”。本题中因为是否定回答，所以应选用not yet。8. 【解析】这里talk是一个名词，之前应选择形容词作定语。而friend是名词，“朋友”。friendship也是名词，意为“友谊”。really则是一个副词，均不符合题意。所以本题的正确答案是C，意思

36、是“友好的谈话”。在英语中有一些以-ly结尾的词是形容词而不是副词。如：lively，lovely，lonely，silly等。9. 【解析】答案是D。“温度越高，水变成水蒸气的速度就越快。”这里要用“the+比较级，the+比较级”结构，故要排除A和B。而答案C中higher已经是比较级，其前不能再加more。10. 【解析】本题答案为C。因为money是不可数名词，不能用few(er)来修饰，所以排除B和D。而people是一个复数名词，不能用little( less，least)修饰。11. 【解析】如果复数名词的前面有many或few，而不可数名词前有much或little等表示数量的

37、形容词时，应该用so而不是such来修饰。此外，这里的education为不可数名词，所以C和D应当排除。本题的答案是B。12. 【解析】答案是C。这里much too中的much只起到加强语气的作用，它仍表示“太”之意，much too用于修饰形容词或副词。而too much则表示数量太多之意，用来修饰或替代不可数名词。13. 【解析】本题答案是B。在四个选项中，more as和muchthan都是错误的搭配，因此排除A、C两项。同时因为句中结构是肯定句，也不能用so. as，所以排除D。14. 【解析】答案是C。one of.”表示“之一”的意思，常用形容词的最高级表示，且后面跟名词的复数

38、形式，其结构为“one of+最高级+名词复数”。如：one of the greatest inventors，one of the most famous restaurants。1C原题中的three sisters这一信息词语暗示考生要用最高级的形式。clever的最高级有两种：the most clever，the cleverest2Cmostly是副词，意思是：主要地，修饰整个句子。用most时应为most of the students；用almost通常说almost all+n.3Asuch与so修饰名词时可这样使用。so+形容词+a/an+可数名词的单数so many/f

39、ew十可数名词复数 so much/little+不可数名词4Afew修饰可数名词的复数；much修饰不可数名词。5DA、C项是语法错误。asas之间不能用比较级形式。B项也是语法错误，than前没有比较级，把than变成as就对了。实际上not asas=not more than6Dsound是听起来的意思。它是系动词，其后接形容词做表语。类似的系动词还有look seem taste smell fell7Asome常用在肯定句中，而any常用在否定、疑问和条件句中。8Cgrain是不可数名词。A项是语法错误，asas之间用原级，B项few不修饰grain，D项也如此。9C表示倍数的词与其他表示程度的副词修饰asas结构时，应放在其前面。10C该题考查了考生是否掌握形容词比较级的两种形式，该句可理解为：The pianos in the other shop will be cheaper，but not as good as those in this shop.11D此处可理解为the box is too heavy for you to carry12Dno longer强调时间；no more强调数量和次数。13Cbetter这一信息词可暗示考生用比较级形式，less修饰不可数名词，fewer修饰可数名词的复数。14Cwhat与how修饰名词引起的感