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1、“直接引语和间接引语”一、直接引语和间接引语概述 我们把引述别人的话语可归纳为两种方式，一种时直接引述别人的话语，并置于引号之内的称为直接引语，另一种是用自己的语言转述别人的话语，称为间接引语，间接一般构成 宾语从句。The teacher asked, “Do you like English?” 老师问：“你喜欢英语吗？”（直接引语）The girl said that she liked English very much. 这个女孩说她非常喜欢英语。（间接引语） 一般在直接引语或间接引语当中都有一个引述动词，如 tell, ask, say 等。这些引述动词和它们的主语所放位置比较灵活
2、，可以放在直接引语之前、之后或其中。主语如果是名词时，可以倒装。“主语+引述动词”放在间接引语当中就相当于宾语从句的主语部分。He told me, “I am going to Changchun tomorrow.” 他告诉我：“明天我打算去长春。”“Where are you from?” asked Linda. “你来自哪里？”琳达问。二、直接引语变间接引语的变化形式 1、人称代词和指示代词的变化指示代词this 和these通常变为that和those 。人称代词也要根据情况做适当调整。从句中的第一人称多变为第三人称，第二人称根据情况改为第一人称或第三人称，第三人称不变。例如：He
3、 said, “I came to help you.” 他说：“我是来帮助你的。”He said that he had come to help me. 他说他是来帮助我的。 2、时态的变化引述动词如果用一般现在时或一般将来时，间接引语的时态不变。引述动词如果用一般过去时，间接引语的时态要变成相应的过去时态的一种。具体变化如下：一般现在时一般过去时 一般过去时过去完成时现在进行时过去进行时 现在完成时过去完成时一般将来时过去将来时【注意】含有情态动词的直接引语变成间接引语是，情态动词也要相应地变成过去时态。若直接引语为客观真理或自然规律，变为间接引语时，时态不变。有时由于直接引语有特定的过
4、去时间状语，变为间接引语时，时态不变。 3、时间状语的变化now then last month the month beforetoday that day three days ago three days beforetonight that night tomorrow the next daythis week that week next month the next monthyesterday the day before the day after tomorrow in two days 4、地点状语的变化here there谓语动词的变化come go三. 直接引语变为间
5、接引语的情况1、直接引语为陈述句（1）将直接引语变为由that 引导的宾语从句，接在谓语动词之后（that 可以省略）。例如：He said, “I forgot to call you yesterday.”他说：“我昨天忘记给你打电话了。”He said that he had forgotten to call me the day before.他说她前一天忘记给我打电话了。（2）如果引述动词是 say to sb.,则通常改为 tell sb. sth. 结构。例如：He said to me, “Your bike is broken.” 她对我说：“你的自行车坏了。”He tol
6、d me that my bike was broken. 他对我说我的自行车坏了。2、直接引语为一般疑问句直接引语为一般疑问句，将直接引语变为由 if /whether 引导的宾语从句，句中时态、人称、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等要做相应的变化。其语序为陈述语序，若直接引语的引述动词为 say ，应改为 ask. 例如：Mary asked me, “Is Helen from the United States?” 玛丽问我，“凯伦时美国人吗？”Mary asked me whether/if Helen was from the United States. 玛丽问我海伦是否时美国人。
7、直接引语为特殊疑问句直接引语为特殊疑问句，将直接引语变为由特殊疑问句引导的宾语从句，语序是陈述语序。例如：John asked me, “Where does Zhou Xun come from?”约翰问我，“周迅是哪儿的人？”John asked me where Zhou Xun came from. 约翰问我周迅时哪儿的人。四、直接引语变间接引语自主检测试题（一）将所给直接引语变为间接引语，每空一词：1. “I never eat meat.” he said.He said that _ never _ meat.2. “Ive found my wallet.” he said t
8、o me.He _ me that he _ _ _ wallet.3. “I took it home with me.” she said.She said that _ _ _ it home with her.4. The teacher said, “The sun rises in the east and goes down in the west.”The teacher said that the sun _ in the east and _ down in the west.5. “I met her yesterday.” he said to me.He _ me t
9、hat he _ met the day _.6. “You must come here before five.” he said.He said that I _ to go _ before five.7. “I bought the house 10 years ago.” he said.He said that he _ bought the house 10 years _.8. “Did you see her last week?” he said.He _ _ I had seen her the week _.9. He said, “You can sit here,
10、 Jim.”He _ Jim that he _ sit there10. He asked, “How did you find it, mother?”He asked her mother _ _ _ found it.11. “Where have you been these days?” he asked.He asked me _ _ _been _ days.12. “Do you know where she lives?” he asked.He asked _ _ knew where she _.13. “Stop making so much noise, child
11、ren.” he said.He _ the children _ _ making so much noise.14. “Dont tell him the news.” she said.She told me _ _ _ him the news.15. “Are you intested in this?” he said.He _ _ I was interestd in _.【参考答案】1. he, ate2. told, had, found, his3. she, had, taken4. rise, goes5. told, had, before6. had, there7
12、. had, before8. asked, if whether, before9. told, could10. how, she, had11. where, I, had, those12. if whether, I, lived13. told, to, stop14. not, to, tell15. asked, if whether, that（二）直接引语与间接引语转化巩固练习A、在横线上填上合适的词1. He exclaimed how lovely the house _.2. We didnt know _ she hadnt handed in the paper.
13、3. The monitor _ the five of us to clean the floor yesterday afternoon.4. Anderson told us _ his father had just returned from Shanghai.5. She _ us to help the old woman in our village that day.6. My father asked me _ was the matter when he came back.7. That fellow always _ me clean his shoes for hi
14、m.8. Tom said that he _ in the army for three years.9. What did Alice say just now? She said that _ would borrow that dictionary form Mary.10. I wonder _ she can attend my party this evening.B、 单项选择1. Right now, the boss ordered John to hand in his design _. A. this afternoon B. that afternoon C. th
15、at moment D. that day2. Jimmy _ her if she had seen him there that afternoon. A. said to B. asked C. told D. asks3. Uncle Wang ordered us to _ his house at once. A. come out of B. come C. go out of D. go4. The road is covered with snow. I cant understand _ they insist on going by motor-bike. A. why
16、B. whether C. when D. how5. Chen Qiang told Mr. Smith that the Peoples Republic of China _ in October 1, 1949. A. founded B. had been founded C. found D. was founded6. She said to me that _ might keep _ book for two days. A. she; this B. I; that C. I; this D. you; that7. In order to choose the right
17、 one, she first asked me _ I want to use a dictionary for. A. whatB. why C. howD. whether8. Customers are asked to make sure that they _ the right charge before leaving the shop. A. will give B. have been given C. have given D. will be given9. Linda shouted that you _ your homework ahead of her. A.
18、finished B. would finish C. had finished D. have finished10. My girlfriend asked me _ I knew today was her birthday. A. whether B. that C. why D. what参考答案:1. Was 2. why/ that 3. asked/ ordered 4. that 5. advised /asked / ordered6. what 7. lets / has / makes 8. had been / had served 9. she 10. if / whether1-5ABCAD 6-10BABCA