教辅:高考英语真题分项详解03英语词法代词.doc

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1、高考英语真题分项详解03英语词法代词1.(2020全国卷I语法填空) Data about the moons composition, such as how much ice and other treasures it contains, could help China decide whether 70 (it) plans for a future lunar (月球的) base are practical.【答案】its【解析】考查代词。句意同上。根据空后的名词plans可知,此处应使用形容词性物主代词its,故填its。2.(2019天津)A study shows the

2、students who are engaged in after-school activities are happier than _who are not.A. onesB. thoseC. theseD. them【答案】B【解析】考查代词。句意:一项研究表明,参加课外活动的学生比不参加课外活动的学生更开心。空格处代词与the students是对应关系,可以用the ones或者those替代。“them”指代的是前边提到的复数名词,不能与the students形成对应关系。“these”一般不用定语从句修饰。故选B。3.(2015重庆)The meeting will be h

3、eld in September, but_ knows the date for sure.A.everybodyB. nobody C. anybody D. somebody【答案】B 【解析】试题分析:句意:会议将在九月举行,但没有人知道确切的日期。根据but表达转折可知没有人知道,故选B项。4.(2015浙江) How would you like if you were watching your favorite TV program and someone came into the room and just shut it off without asking you?A.

4、 them B. one C. those D. it【答案】D【解析】试题分析:句意:当你正在看一个你喜欢的节目时,突然有个人进来,一声不吭地关掉电视,你会怎么想?It作形式宾语,指代If后面的句子。该句涉及到了一个疑问句,一个条件状语从句(if)和两个并列向(and)。这当时应该先把它转化为陈述句youwouldlike_。分析句子结构知道like之后缺少一个宾语,需要一个宾格代词充当,所以答案选it。5.(2015天津) The quality of education in this small school is better than _ in some larger school

5、s.A. thatB. oneC. itD. this【答案】A【解析】试题分析:句意:这所小学校的教育质量要好于一些大学校。句中代词代指不可数名词the quality of education,故用代词that。代词it和one都代指可数名词单数。故选A。6.(2015陕西)To warm himself, the sailor sat in front of the fire rubbing one bare foot against .A. another B. the other C. other D. either 【答案】B【解析】试题分析:句意:为了提醒自己,这个水手坐在火前面

6、一只光脚摩擦另外一只脚。因为人有两只脚,一只是one,另外一只是the other,所以选B。7.(2015福建)The research group produced two reports based on the survey, butcontained any useful suggestions.A. allB. noneC. eitherD. Neither【答案】D【解析】试题分析:考查副词辨析。该句中A.all全部;B.none没有一个;C.either两个中任何一个;D.两者都不。根据该句意思:那个研究团队在那个调查上得出了两个报告,但是两个报告里面都没有任何有用的参考。故选

7、D本题考查副词辨析,要求学生掌握大纲内每个副词的意义及用法。8.(2014安徽)You can ask anyone for help. _ here is willing to lend you a hand.A.One B.No one C.Everyone D.Someone【答案】C【解析】你可以向任何一个人求助,这里的每一个人都愿意帮助你。故选C。9.(2014全国大纲卷)Whos that at the door?_ is the milkman.A. He B. It C. This D. That 【答案】B【解析】句意:“谁在门外?”“是送牛奶的。”因为不知道门外是什么人,故

8、用it指代不清楚的人。故选B。10.(2014福建)In some countries, people eat with chopsticks, while in _, knives and forks.A.another B.others C.both D.all【答案】B【解析】句意:在一些国家,人们用筷子吃饭,而在其他的国家,(人们用)刀叉(吃饭)。another“另外一个”,后接单数名词;others其他的人或物; both两者;all意为“所有的”,指代可数名词时表示“三者及以上”。根据句意可知选择B项。11.(2014江苏)Good families are much to all

9、 their members, but _ to none.A.something B.anything C.everything D.nothing【答案】C【解析】句意:好的家庭对于所有家庭成员来说意味着许多,但不是每个人的全部。everything意为“一切,全部”,符合语境。something某事; anything任何事; nothing什么都没有。12.(2014江西)When shall I call, in the morning or afternoon?_. Ill be in all day.A.Any B. None C. Neither D. Either 【答案】D

10、 【解析】句意:“我什么时候打电话方便,早上还是下午?”“都可以,我将整天在家。”根据文中提到的in the morning or afternoon可知,此处指在两者之间作出选择,故排除A、B两项;又根据“Ill be in all day.”可知应该是两个时间段均可以。 13.(2014山东T4) Susan made_ clear to me that she wished to make a new life for herself.A.that B.this C.it D.her 【答案】C【解析】句意:苏珊向我清楚地表明她希望为自己开创新的生活。that she wished to

11、 make a new life for herself是宾语从句,it为形式宾语,本句为“make itadj. to sbthat从句”结构。故选C。14.(2014江西)Id appreciate _ if you could let me know in advance whether or not you will come.A. it B. you C. one D. this【答案】A【解析】Id appreciate it if/when/that是固定句式,it作形式宾语,故选A。15.(2014四川)Shed lived in London and Manchester,

12、but she liked _ and moved to Cambridge.A.bothB.neither C.none D.either【答案】B【解析】both两者都;neither表示两者的全部否定;none表示三者及以上的全部否定;either表示两者中选择其一。此处是表示两者的全部否定,故用neither。句意:她曾在伦敦和曼彻斯特生活过,但这两个地方她都不喜欢,并搬去了剑桥。16.(2014浙江)An average of just 18.75 cm of rain fell last year,making _ the driest year since California

13、became a state in 1850.A.each B.it C.this D.one【答案】B【解析】句意:去年这里的平均降水量为18.75厘米,这使得去年成为加利福尼亚自1850年建州以来最干旱的一年。这里用it来指代上文提到的last year。each每个,每一个;this意为“这,这个”,常用来指代下文提到的事物;one泛指某一个。故选B项。17.(2014重庆)A smile costs _,but gives much.A. anythingB. something C. nothing D. everything【答案】C【解析】句意:微笑什么都不会花费,但却带来很多。

14、but表示转折,nothing与much形成语义上的对比。故选C。18.(2013四川)The traffic on the main streets has a longer green signal than _ on the small ones.A. one B. this C. that D. it【答案】C【解析】主大街上的绿色交通信号灯比次要的小街道上的时间长。空白处指代的是前面的the traffic,这是个抽象不可数名词,而且是特指,故应该用that;one不是特指,排除A项;this不能用于此种情况,排除B项;it 是指代前面提到的同一个东西,而此处并不是同一个,而是另外街

15、道上的交通情况,排除项D项。19.(2013浙江)Half of _ surveyed in 16 countries say they go first to their closest friend to share their deepest wishes and darkest fears.A. these B. some C. onesD. those【答案】D【解析】在16个国家中那些被调查的人中有一半说,他们都最先去找最亲密的朋友分享最深的祝福以及道出最大的恐惧。横线后有后置定语surveyed in 16 countries,根据句意,被调查的那些人中的一半,通常用 those

16、 来指代那些人,相当于the people,可知选D。其余选项均不合题意,故排除。20.(2013天津)At our factory there are a few machines similar to _ described in this magazine.A. themB. theseC. thoseD. ones【答案】C【解析】在我们工厂有一些机器和这本杂志中所描述的那些机器很相似。在含有比较句型的句子中选择代词时,如果比较对象是单数可数名词和不可数名词名词,用that;如果是复数可数名词用those,本题中的比较对象是我们工厂的一些机器和杂志中描述的那些机器的对比,所以只能选择C

17、. those。其余选项均不合题意,故排除。21.(2013新课标卷)Its an either-or situation - we can buy a new car this year or we can go on holiday but we cant do _.A. othersB. eitherC. anotherD. both【答案】D【解析】这是一种“二选一”的情况,就是说,我们今年可以买一个新车,或者可以去度假,但我们不能两者兼得。句中的关键词是either-or situation,既然是二选一的情况,那就不能两者都留着,因此锁定正确答案是D。其他三个选项的意思分别是“其他

18、人或物”,“两者中的一个”,“另一个,又一个”,均不合题意,排除。22.(2013山东)Ive lived in New York and Chicago, but dont like _ of them very much.A. either B. any C. each D. another【答案】A【解析】我在纽约和芝加哥生活过,但是两个城市我都不是很喜欢。短语noteither=neither(两者都不),故答案选A。部分考生可能会误选B,而any则指三者或三者以上中的任何一个,此句只提到了美国的纽约和芝加哥两个城市,故排除B项。C. each每一个(用于两者或两者以上),故排除;D.

19、 another三者或三者以上中的另外一个,故排除。23.(2013陕西)Although Rosemary had suffered from a serious illness for years, she lost _ of her enthusiasm for life.A. some B. neither C. none D. all【答案】C【解析】虽然Rosemary遭受严重的疾病之苦好多年了,但她一点也没有失去对生活的热情。这是一个主动复合句,根据连词although可知,前后是转折关系。既然前面是遭受疾病之苦,那后面就应该是反面的意思,排除选项A和D;neither指的是两者

20、都不,而生活的热情是不能用两个来形容的,排除选项B。24.(2013江西)_ can be good at something for 40 years if he doesnt love it.A. AnybodyB. EverybodyC. NobodyD. Somebody【答案】C【解析】如果不喜欢某件事,没有人能40年如一日地做好它。抓住题意和关键词,可知:没有人能,故答案选C. Nobody没有人。A. anybody任何人;B. everybody每个人,所有人;D. somebody某人,均不合题意,排除。25.(2013上海)Those who smoke heavily s

21、hould remind _ of health, the bad smell and the feelings of other people.A. theirsB. themC. themselvesD. oneself【答案】C【解析】那些烟瘾很大的人应该提醒自己注意健康,难闻的气味以及他人的感受。句中的those和other people为关键词,既然要顾及他人感受,自然要时刻提醒自己,而those的反身代词为“他们自己”,即themselves,故选项C正确。A. theirs为名词性物主代词,相当于their名词,意为“他们的”,故排除;B. them是人称代词they的宾格,意为

22、“他们”,故排除;D. oneself为反身代词,意为“自己,自身”,故排除。 26.(2013安徽)This project requires close teamwork. _ Will be achieved unless we work well together.A. NothingB. AnythingC. SomethingD. Everything【答案】A【解析】这个项目需要紧密合作,没有好的合作就不会取得任何结果。根据句意,既然需要紧密合作,那么没有好的合作,当然是不会有啥结果的,所以正确答案是A. nothing。其余选项均不合题意,故排除。27.(2013辽宁)To h

23、er joy, Della earned first the trust of her students and then _of her colleagues.A.that B.one C.ones D.those【答案】A【解析】使黛拉高兴的是,她首先赢得了学生的信任,接着又获得了同事的信任。A. that特指,相当于the单数可数名词或the不可数名词。根据句意,这里指“赢得同事的信任”,即the trust of her colleagues,显然是特指,故选A。 B. one相当于a/an可数名词单数;C. ones指代可数名词复数,表泛指;D. those=the ones,指代可

24、数名词复数,表特指。均不合题意,故排除。28.(2013重庆) Recycling is one way to protect the environment; reusing is _.A. anotherB. the otherC. one another D. one【答案】A【解析】再循环是保护环境的一种方式,重复利用是另外一种。another的意思是“另一个,有一个”,非特指。本题的空白处不是特指,指的是很多种中的另一种,故应该用A. another;the other 的意思是“两者中的另一个”是特指; one another的意思是“互相”;one的意思是“一个”,非特指。均不合

25、题意,故排除。29.(2012陕西) No matter where he is, he makes _a rule to go for a walk before breakfast.A. him B this C. that D. it 【答案】 D 【解析】所填词做使役动词make的形式宾语,真正宾语是to go for a walk,选D。30.(2012全国新课标卷) Larry asks Bill and Peter to go on a picnic with him, but of them wants to, because they have work to do.A. e

26、ither B. anyC. neither D. none【答案】C【解析】根据句意可知,Bill和Peter两个人,所以其否定形式用neither。句意:Larry请求Bill和Peter一起和他去野餐,但他们两个都不想去,因为他们要工作。31.(2012山东)When you are done with the book, just give it to Lucy or Helen or _.A. whoeverB. whereverC. whatever D. however【答案】A【解析】此处whoever是代词,意为:任何人,无论谁。它作to的宾语。句意:你看完书后,把书给Luc

27、y或Helen,或谁都行。32.(2012江西) My brother would like to buy a good watch but was available from that shop.A.nothingB.noneC.no oneD.neither【答案】B【解析】nothing指物,什么都不是;none既可指人也可指物,强调“每一个”;no one只能指人;neither表两者都不,故此题选B。33.(2012重庆) -John, when shall we meet again, Thursday or Friday? -_.Ill be off to London the

28、n A. Either B. Neither C. Both D. None【答案】B【解析】根据答语“Ill be off to London then.”可知,约定的星期三或者星期五对John来说,都不行。在选项中B选项是“两者都不”之意,符合语境。因此,正确答案为B选项。34.(2012湖北) If youre buying todays paper from the stand, could you get for me?A. one B. such C. this D. that【答案】A【解析】根据句意:如果你去报摊上买今天的报纸,给我捎回一份好吗?one作“一个”,“一本”,“一

29、件”等解,用来代替上文提到过的paper。相当于a copy of paper.35.(2011全国卷II)I got this bicycle for ; My friend gave it to me when she bought a new one.A. everything B. something C. anything D. nothing【答案】D【解析】句意为“我没花钱就得了这辆自行车;我的朋友买了一辆新车,就把这辆给了我。”根据后面“gave it to me”可判断没花钱,nothing表否定,for表示交换。因此选D。36.(2011北京)The employment

30、rate has continued to rise in big cities thanks to the efforts of the local governments to increase .A. them B. those C. it D. that【答案】C【解析】句意为“由于当地政府的努力,大城市里的就业率持续升高。”it代指前面交代过的“the employment rate”,是单数,而them和those是复数。因此选C。37.(2011天津)We feel our duty to make our country a better place.A. it B. this

31、 C. that D. one【答案】A【解析】句意为“我们觉得将我们的国家变得更好是我们的职责。”it在此句中充当形式宾语,代指“to make our country a better place”。 因此选A。38.(2011上海春招)They produced two reports, _ of which contained any useful suggestions.A. either B. all C. none D. neither【答案】D【解析】句意为“他们提供了两份报告,没有一份报告含有任何有用的建议。”neither两个都不;either两者之一,但后半句里的“any

32、 useful suggestions”与否定连用;all与none指三个或三个以上,与前面的“two reports”不相一致。因此选D。39.(2011山东) The two girls are so alike that strangers find _ difficult to tell one from the other.A. it B. them C. her D. that【答案】A【解析】句意为“这两个女孩长得很相像,不熟悉的人很难将她俩区分开来。”it在此句中充当形式宾语,代指“to tell one from the other”。 因此选A。40.(2011福建) We

33、 have various summer camps for your holidays. You can choose _ based on your own interests. A. either B. each C. one D. it【答案】C【解析】句意为“在你们的假期里,我们这儿有各种暑期夏令营,你们可以根据自己的兴趣任选一个。”one代替单数可数名词,表泛指,相当于“a/an + 单数名词”。这里泛指某个summer camp夏令营。因此选C。41.(2011安徽) Surprisingly, Susans beautiful hair reached below her kn

34、ees and made_ almost an overcoat for her.A. them B. her C. itself D. herself【答案】C【解析】句意为“令人惊叹的是,Susan美丽的长发垂到她的膝盖下面,就像一件外套似的。”反身代词itself指的是前面提到的beautiful hair。而them,her和herself指的都是人。因此选C。42.(2011浙江) Since people are fond of humor, it is as welcome in conversation as _ else. A. anything B. something C

35、. anywhere D. somewhere【答案】C【解析】句意为“人们喜爱幽默,所以,在谈话中或者别的什么地方的幽默都受人欢迎。”疑问副词anywhere与else连用,表示(除了in conversation的)其他任何地方,表示场合的。而anything和something是表示超越场合的事物。因此选C。43.(2011四川) There is in his words. We should have a try.A. something B. anything C.nothing D.everything【答案】A【解析】句意为“他的话有些道理,我们应该试一试。”something

36、 指不简单的事、可观的成绩、有些地位的人。因此选A。44.(2011重庆)Silly me! I forget what my luggage looks like.What do you think of over there?A. the one B. this C.it D.that【答案】D【解析】句意为“我真傻!想不起来自己的行李是什么样子的。你看看那边的是不是你的?”指示代词that指时间与空间上较远的事物,over there交代了空间上的远距离。this指时间与空间上较近的事物,the one和it都特指前面曾经交代过的事物。结合语境,选D。45.(2011陕西)Would y

37、ou get me a bar of chocolate from the kitchen, dear? one? A.Other B.Every C.Another D.More【答案】C【解析】句意为“亲爱的,可不可以到厨房里给我拿一块巧克力来?还要吃一块?”another 与数词连用时,数词放在another的后面,如another three chairs; other和more与数词连用时,数词放在它们的前面,如one more apple, two other boys;every指每一个,含义与all接近。因此选C。46.(2011湖南) I knew that _ would

38、ever discourage him; he would never give up wanting to be a director. A. something B. anything C. everything D.nothing【答案】D【解析】句意为“我知道没有什么能够阻止他;他决不会放弃做一名导演的念头。”根据后面“never give up”可知前面相应地也要用否定性的不定代词nothing。因此选D。47.(2011辽宁)Would you like tea or coffee? , thank you. Ive just had some water.A. Either B.

39、 Both C. Any D. Neither【答案】D【解析】句意为“你是想喝茶还是咖啡?谢谢你,都不想喝。我刚才已经喝了水了。”通过后面“Ive just had some water”可以判定是拒绝tea 和coffee。neither“两者中哪个都不”,其所指范围是两个人或物;either表示“两者中的任何一个”;both“两个都”,修饰可数名词,统指两者;any用于肯定句,作“任何的”解。因此选D。48.(2011江西) Why dont you bring _ to his attention that youre too ill to work on?A. that B.it C

40、.his D.him【答案】B【解析】句意为“为什么你不让他注意到你病得太严重了以至于不能工作下去?”it作形式宾语,指代句子后面that引导的宾语从句。因此选B。49.(2010福建)When you introduce me to Mr. Johnson, could you please say for me?A. everythingB. anything C. somethingD. nothing【答案】C【解析】句子的意思是当你向Mr. John介绍我的时候, 你可以为我说一些好话吗? A. everything 所有的;B. anything 任何事;D nothing 什么也

41、没有 C. something表示一些, 某些50.(2010上海)If our parents do everything for us children, we wont learn to depend on .A. themselves B. them C. us D. ourselves【答案】D【解析】主语为we, 因此应为ourselves. depend on oneself:自力更生。根据句意, 选D。51.(2010安徽)You are a team star! Working with_ is really your cup of tea. A. both B. eithe

42、r C. others D. the other【答案】C【解析】句意为 “你是球队明星!与他人合作必须是你喜欢做的事。”习语 “ones cup of tea”意为 “the type of thing or person that you like”。52.(2010山东)Helping others is a habit, _ you can learn even at an early age. A. it B. that C. what D. one【答案】D【解析】句意应为”帮助别人是一种习惯, 一个你在很小时就能学会的习惯。”空格处与前句中的habit构成同位关系, 所以选择D项

43、。句中you can learn even at an early age是省略了关系代词that 的定语从句, that在定语从句中作learn的宾语使用。53.(2010天津) in my life impressed me so deeply as my first visit to the Palace Museum. A. Anything B. Nothing C. Everything D. Something【答案】B【解析】nothing用于句中表示否定意义, 而其他三个词则表示肯定意义。句意:我一生中什么都没有我第一次参观故宫给我的印象更深刻。54.(2010陕西)The

44、cost of renting a house in central Xian is higher than _ in any other area of the city. A. that B. this C. it D. one 【答案】A【解析】所填词用于比较状语从句中, 指代句子的主语cost, 即指代不可数名词, 用that。This指代下文即将提到的事物;it指代 “同一物”;one指代 “同类中的一个”之意。55.(2010四川)On my desk is a photo that my father took of when I was a baby. A. him B. his C. me D. mine【答案】C【解析】take a photo of sb. 意为给某人照相, 此处应用人称代词

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