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1、教育学科教师辅导教案 学员编号： 年 级： 课 时 数：3学员姓名：YYY 辅导科目：英语 学科教师：XX 课 题形容词，副词学习教学目的1.掌握形容词，副词的语法特性，习惯用法和中考常见用法辨析2. 掌握并能熟练应用形容词，副词的原级，比较级和最高级授课日期年月日教学内容Step 1 形容词，副词分类及用法辨析（一）形容词：用来说明或修饰名词、代词的词称为形容词。1、形容词的句法作用：作句子中名词的定语、句子的表语以及宾语补足语。2、形容词在句子中的位置：1）作定语时放在名词的前面，且音节少的词放在音节多的词之前。如：a big yellow wooden wheel（一个黄色的大木轮）2）
2、作表语时放在连系动词之后。如：The price sounds reasonable.3）作宾语补足语时放在宾语之后。如：We must try our best to keep our environment clean.4）后置的情况：修饰复合不定代词时放在代词之后。如：Something serious has happened to him.与表示“长、宽、高、重、老、远离”的词连用时形容词后置。如：Hes 1.8 metres tall.（他身高1.8米。）The moon is about 380,000 kilometres away from the earth.3、有关形容词
3、的用法辨析：1）whole与all：记住两个词序： the whole 名词； all （of） the 名词。如：He was busy the whole morning. / He can remember all the words he learns.2）tall与high, short与low：指人的个子时用tall与short；指其他事物时一般用high与low。如：Hes very tall/short. / Tall trees are standing on both sides of that avenue. / A few people live on high mou
4、ntains.3）real与true：real一般指东西的真假，译为“真的”；而true则指事情或消息的可靠性，译为“真实的”。如：This is a real diamond（钻石） and its very expensive / -Is that true?Yes. I heard it with my own ears.4）interested与interesting的区别：interesting指人或东西“有趣的”，作定语或表语，而interested则表示人对别的事物“感兴趣的”，只能作表语。如：The man is very interesting and all the chi
5、ldren like him. / This book is interesting and you can really enjoy yourself. / I am interested in science.5）such用法： such a（n） 名词（单数）（that从句）。如：I have never seen such a foolish（愚蠢的） boy. / He had such a terrible accident that he could never forget it.6）good与well：表示“好”时，作定语或表语用good，作状语用well；表示“（身体）好”
6、时用well.如：Doing sports is good for us. / Study well and make progress every day./ -How are you?I am very well.7）nice与fine：的区别：nice表示令人愉快的，可以指东西、人物外表等；fine一般指身体或天气好。如：Lets go and share（分享） the nice cake. / She is a nice girl. / What a fine day! /Hes fine recently（最近）.8）too much与much too：too much表示“太多的
7、”，修饰事物数量；much too表示“太过，过分”，修饰形容词或副词。如：I am full because I have had too much rice. / That coat is much too dear.9）quick、fast与soon：quick与fast基本同义，quick往往指反应速度快，fast往往指运动速度快，而soon则表示时间上很快即将发生。如：After a quick breakfast, he hurried to school leaving his bag at home. / A train is much faster than a bus. /
8、 His father will be back to China very soon.10）lonely与alone：lonely是表示心理活动的形容词，意思是：“孤独的，寂寞的”，作定语或表语；alone的意思是：“独自的，单独的”，指无人陪伴，仅作表语，（作为副词的alone可作状语）。如：He lives alone but he doesnt feel lonely./ He is a lonely person. You can not easily get on well with him.11）other与else的区别：两个词都可以作形容词，但是用法不同，other放在名词前
9、；else修饰不定代词、疑问词、little、much，后置，另外，or else表示“否则”，是连词。如：The other students are on the playground. / Who else can work out this maths problem?/ This is nobody elses money. Its mine. / Do you have anything else to say for yourself?12）special与especial的区别：表示事件不同寻常、过分或特殊时，两个词可互换，但special较为常用。另外，special还可以表
10、示特别的目的。如：She pays （e）special attention to clothes. / These are special chairs for small children.13）gone、lost、missing的区别：gone表示“丢了，没了”，含一去不复返的意思，也可以表示“死了”，作表语或宾补，不可以作定语；lost表示“丢失”，含难以找回的意思，可作定语、表语或宾补；missing表示“失踪了，不见了”，强调某人物不在原处，可作定语、表语或宾补。如：My fever（高烧）is gone, but I still have a cough. / The paren
11、ts found the lost child at last. / My dictionary is missing.Whos taken it away? / For more detailed information（详情）of the missing girls, please visit our website.14）living、alive、live、lively的区别：四个词都来源于动词live“生活、居住”。living读liviN有三个意思：“活着的、现存的”，作表语或定语，“一模一样的、逼真的”，相当于lively，意思是“强烈的、活泼的”；live读laiv，指东西“活的
12、”，可以替换为living；alive读laiv作表语，指人“活着的”，如果作定语，则放在名词的后面；lively读laivli有三个意思：有生气的、活泼的、快活的，（色彩）鲜艳的，生动的、真实的。例如：A living language should be learned orally（口头上）.（被动句） / We have a living hope that you will succeed. / Is she still alive? / They are the happiest children alive. / This is a live fish. / A live wir
13、e（电线） is dangerous. / She is as lively as a kitten（小猫）. / He gave a lively description of the football match.15）sick与ill区别：sick和ill都表示“生病的”，但是，sick可以做定语、表语，而ill只能做表语。如：He has been ill/sick for a long time and he is very weak now. / Vets help treat sick pets and most of the pets owners like them.16）t
14、he poor（穷人们） / the rich（富人们）等用法：“the形容词”这一结构可以表示一类人物，复数含义。如：We must try our best to help the poor. / The rich never know how the poor are living.（二）副词：用来说明事情发生的时间、地点、原因、方式等含义或说明其它形容词或副词程度的词叫做副词。1、副词的分类：（见下表）时 间 副 词频度副词地点/方位副词程度副词方式副词疑问/连接副词其他副词today, tomorrow,once,here, there,very, too,well,how,too,
15、 also,yesterday, now,twice,home, below,enough,hard,where,nor, so,then, early, late,always,anywhere,rather, quite,alone,when,as, on,off,once, soon, just,usually,above, outside,how, so,fast,why,either,tonight, long,often,in, inside, out,much, just,together,whetheryes, no,already,yet, before,sometimes,
16、back, up, down,nearly, onlysuddenly,however, etc.not, neitherago, later, ever sincenever,away, off, far,almost, hardly,-ly结尾关系副词maybe,after, whenever（seldom）,near, nearby,as long as等,的副词where,perhaps,first, someday,ever,wherevereven, all,why, howcertainly,sometime, last,everywhere,a little, a bitwhe
17、n,2、副词在句子中的位置以及作用：（1）作状语： 时间副词：一般放在句首或句尾，注意，early、late、before、later、yet等一般放在句尾，already、just一般放在动词的前面。如：We will visit the Great Wall tomorrow. / They have already been to the UK twice. / Soon the lost boy found his way back home. 频度副词：一般放在be动词之后或者助动词与主要动词之间，但sometimes、often等还可以放在句首或句尾，usually可放在句首，on
18、ce可放在句尾，twice、three times等一般放在句尾。如：Sometimes I get up early. / The workers usually have lunch at the factory./ Take this medicine twice a day. 方式副词：一般放在行为动之后，suddenly可以放在句首、句尾或动词之前。如：Old people can hardly walk as quickly as young people / Suddenly he saw a light in the dark cave（山洞）. 地点副词：一般放在句尾，但he
19、re、there还可放在句首。如：There you can see thousands of bikes running in all directions（方向）.（在那里，你可以看到成千上万的自行车朝各个方向流动） / The frightened wolf ran away.（受到惊吓的狼逃开了）/ He walked out quietly and turned back soon.（他悄悄地走了出去，很快又返回） 程度副词：修饰动词时，放在动词之前；修饰形容词或副词时，放在形容词或副词之前。但注意，enough总是放在被修饰的形容词或动词的后面；only位置比较灵活，总是放在被修饰
20、的词的前面。如：I nearly forgot all about it if he did not tell me again. / It was so strange that I could hardly believe my ears./ She got to the station early enough to catch the first bus. 疑问副词：用于对句子的状语进行提问，位置总是在句首。如：When and where were you born?/ Why did little Edison sit on some eggs?（/ How do you do?
21、连接副词：用来引导主语从句、宾语从句和表语从句，在从句中作状语。How I am going to kill the cat is still a question. / That is why everyone is afraid of the tiger. / He wondered how he could do it the next day. 关系副词：用来引导定语从句，在从句中作状语。如：This is the place where Mr Zhang once lived. / Please tell me the way how you have learned English
22、 so well. 其它副词：too“也”，用在句尾；also放在动词前；either “也不”，放在句尾；nor“也不”，放在句首；so“如此，这样”，放在形容词、副词前；on/off“开/关”放在动词之后；not放在be之后、助动词之后、不定式或动名词之前；maybe/perhaps放在句首；certainly放在句首或动词之前。如：He went to the Palace Museum and I went there,too. / Maybe your ticket is in your inside pocket.（ / -Tom doesnt have a computer. N
23、or do I. （2）作表语：地点副词一般可以作表语，放在be等连系动词之后，说明人物所处的位置。如：Im very sorry he isnt in at the moment./ I have been away from my hometown for nearly 20 years./ Jim is over there.（3）作定语：时间副词（如now、then）以及许多地点副词都可以作名词的定语，放在名词的后面。如：People now often have their festival dinners at restaurants. / Women there were liv
24、ing a terrible life in the 1920s.（4）作宾语补足语：地点副词一般可以作宾语补足语。如：Put your dirty socks away, Jim! They are giving out bad smell! / Father kept him in and doing his lessons.注意 “动词副词”的宾语如果是代词，则该副词应该放在代词之后。如：He wrote down the word.He wrote it down.3、有关副词的重要注释：（1）asas常构成一些词组：as soon as（一旦就），as well as（同样），as形
25、容词/副词as possible（尽可能地）。如：Please ring me up as soon as you get to Beijing/ Miss Gao hurried to the school gate as quickly as possible. 注释 “as long / much as 名词”可以表示“长达/多达”的含义。如：The house costs as much as five hundred thousand yuan. / They stayed in the cave（山洞）as long as two weeks. （2）later、after、ago
26、、before的用法：“一段时间later/ago”分别表示“（多久）以后/以前”，主要用于过去时态。“after/before某个时刻”分别表示“在某时刻之后/之前”，此时两个词是介词。ago与before：ago只能用于过去时，before用于完成时。如：He had an accident a week ago. / Some years later, the boy became a very famous singer./ Have you been there before? / After a few years he gave up smoking.（3）above、below
27、、over、under的用法：在上下方用above和below，在高低处用over和under.如：The stars are high above in the sky ./ A plane flew over quickly.当above、below、over、under是介词性质时，意义相似。（4）too、also、either、nor的用法：too（“也”）用于肯定句和疑问句的末尾，且用逗号隔开；also（“也”）用于肯定句句子谓语动词之前；either（“也”）用于否定句末尾，也用逗号隔开；nor（“也不”）用于倒装句句首；如：Are you American,too? / He i
28、s not happy and I am not happy, either./ He didnt watch the football game. Nor did I. / You can also find the market is very good.enough、too、so、very、quite、very much的用法： enough （“足够，十分”）放在形容词或副词之后；too（“太”）、very（“非常”）、quite（“相当”）、so（“如此地”）等放在形容词或副词之前，very much（“非常”）放在动词之后。如：Its too/so/very/quite expen
29、sive. / I dont like sweets very much.注意 very与 much的区别：very修饰形容词、副词的原级和现在分词形容词，much修饰形容词和副词的比较级；much还可以修饰疑问句和否定句中的动词，very不可以。如：He is very stupid.（他很笨）/ The film was very moving and everyone swept. / You must work much harder or you will fail to enter the good school./ I dont like him much.（6）sometime
30、s、sometime、some times、some time的用法：sometimes（有时）用于一般现在时、 sometime（在将来某时）用于将来时、 some times（数次）表示次数、some time（一些时间）表示一段时间。如：Sometimes they go hiking in the mountains.（他们有时徒步旅行到山里去）/ I will stay here some time./ I will meet your father sometime.（7）how、what用于感叹句的用法：对句子中的形容词或副词感叹时用how，对人或事物（可能含有形容词作修饰语）进
31、行感叹用what. 如：What a fine day （it is） today! / How difficult （the problem is）!（8）already、yet的用法：在完成时中，already一般用于肯定句，yet一般用于否定句和疑问句。如：Have you done it already? / I have not had my breakfast yet.（9）hard与hardly的用法：hard作为副词意思是：“努力地，猛烈地”，hardly是否定词，意思是：“几乎不”，一般与情态动词can/could连用。如：They study English very ha
32、rd./ You can hardly see a person spit in a public place.（10）like.very much、like.better（=prefer）、like.best的用法：三个短语分别表示“非常喜欢”、“更喜欢”、“最喜欢”。如：I like baseball very much./ Do you like butter better than cheese?（ / They like hamburgers best.（11）“quite/whata形容词名词”的用法：记住：quite/such/what.a形容词名词；too/so/how形容词a
33、名词；rathera形容词名词 = a rather形容词名词。如：I have never seen such a strange guy（家伙）. / It is quite a nice day for a walk.（12）how 的几个短语：how often“多常，每隔多久”，用于一般时态，对表示频度的词语进行提问；how soon“多久以后”，用于将来时态；how long“多久”，用于过去时、完成时或其他时态；how many times“多少次”，用于过去时或完成时，对总计次数进行提问；how much“多么，多少”，对程度进行提问，也可以对数量（不可数）或金钱进行提问。如：
34、How long have you been like this?/ How often does he wash his face?（13）much、more与most的用法：这三个词除了是形容词作名词的修饰语之外，还是程度副词，much表示“很”，修饰原级形/副，more表示“更”用来构成多音节形/副的比较级，most表示“最”用来构成多音节形/副的最高级。此外，much也可以修饰比较级形/副。如：This park is much more beautiful than that one./ It is the most instructive film I have ever seen
35、.（14）no more、no longer、not.any more、no.any longer的用法：表示时间，可以用no longer、not.ny more、no.any longer，而且no longer只能放在谓语动词之前；表示程度，可以用no more、not.any more。如：He no longer lived there. / Tom wanted no more cakes. / He didn t smoke any more/longer.（15）被动语态中，方式副词一般放在be与谓语动词之间。如：The runner was badly hurt.（赛跑运动员
36、受了重伤） / English is widely spoken in the world today.（如今世界上英语说得很广泛）（16）too.to.与so.that.的问题：副词too/so后面跟形容词或副词，to后面跟动词，that后面跟从句。Too.to. （“太以致不”）是否定的结构，用于简单句；so.that.（“如此以致”）是肯定结构，用于复合句。如：The child is too young to join the army. / He is so strong that he can lift the heavy box.（17）既是形容词也是副词的单词有：early,
37、late, long, last, next, first, near, enough, much, all, hard, alone, fast, slow, high, low, straight等等。如：It was a long holiday./ He stayed there very long./ Think hard then you will find a way. / He is a very hard（难对付的） person.（18）farther与further的用法区别：表示地点、方向或距离时两个词同义，意思为“更远、较远”，但是further还表示“更多、进一步、
38、额外”等意思，此时不能换为farther. 如：They decided to go farther/further the next day./ This problem will be further discussed./ Every one of them had their further studies after they left college.（19）rather与quite的用法区别：同very一样，两个词都表示形容词或副词的程度，quite表示“不到最高程度但是比预料的好”，rather比quite更接近very的含义，含有令人惊讶的意思。见下图对“nice”程度的描绘
39、： not nice （fairly）nice quite nice rather nice very nice 如：Its quite a nice film.（这是部好片子）。（可能意味着不是一部最好的电影） / Its rather a nice film.（这是部很不错的电影。）（意味着比大多数电影都好） 注意注意quite与rather后面的次序词序。（20）maybe、possibly、perhaps的区别：maybe“可能、也许”，比另外两个词更不正式、更随便、可能性不大；possibly“可能地、或者、也许”，可能性较大，在否定句和疑问句中表示“无论如何”；perhaps“可能
40、”，较为常用而且正式，可能性也不大。如：You could put it over there, maybe. / I couldnt possibly have finished such a long book in such a short time. / I thought perhaps it was the letter you have been expecting.（21）most、mostly的区别：most作为形容词和名词时意思是“大多数的、大部分的”，作为副词时意思为“最，十分、很”；mostly仅为副词，意思为“主要地、多半地、大部分地”。如：I was at home
41、 most of the time when I was free.Most children are naughty./ This is the most exciting part of the film./She is mostly out on Sundays.（22）（be） worth、（be） worthy of的区别：worth一般被看作是介词，后面接名词或者动名词，用主动表示被动含义，还可以用副词well修饰；worthy of表示“值得的、配得上的”，后面跟动名词的被动形式。如：What is worth doing at all is worth doing well/
42、The house is worth ￥300,000./ This book is well worth reading several times./ It is a thing worthy of being seen. （23）almost、nearly的区别：两个词意思相近，都表示“几乎、将近”，大多数情况下可以互换，与否定词连用时用almost不用nearly. almost no 相当于hardly any（几乎没有）。如：He had done almost nothing today. / We are almost/nearly there. / Almost nobody
43、/Hardly anybody understood his words.（24）a bit与a little的区别：这两个名词短语经常当作副词使用，修饰形容词或副词的原级或比较级，可以互换，语气比rather弱。如：This digital camera is a bit（a little） expensive./ It is a little（a bit） colder than yesterday. 另外，a little可以直接加不可数名词，a bit 则采用“a bit of 名词（不可数或可数名词复数）”的形式。如：I have got a bit of a cold./ Go a
44、nd get a little water for me, please. 注意 not a bit（=not at all）意为“根本不”，而 not a little则意为“非常，不是一点”。练一练1. I think Chinese is _than maths.A. interesting B. more interestingC. most interesting D. the most interesting 2. -What does Lucy like better, singing or dancing?-Singing.of course.Shes known to _it
45、.A. be good at B. be good for C. be bad at D. be bad for 3. The Huang He River is one of _in China.A. The long river B. the longest riverC. the longest rivers D. the longer river 4. The girl was _a fraid _she threw her bag away.A. so, that B. too, to C. too,that D. enough,to 5. It was _ yesterday th
46、an today.A. hot B. hoter C. hotter D. the hottest 6. Which subject do you like _, English Chinese or maths?A. best B. well C. better D. good 7. None of the students watched it _.A. careful enough B. enough carefully C. carefully enough D. enough careful 8. _she eats,_shell be.A. Morefat B. The morefatterC. Morethe fatter D. The morethe fatter 9. I dont think English is _Chinese.A. as important as B. not important asC. not so important D. important as 10. Miss Gao is a good English teacher.The students in