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1、虚 拟 语 气,1,上课教育,概念： 虚拟语气：表示说话人所说的不是事实，而是一种愿望、假设、或推测。,2,上课教育,一、虚拟语气在 if非真实条件句中,过去式 be -were,should / would/ could / might + do,had done,should / would/ could / might + have done,过去式（be-were） should do were to do,should / would/ could / might + do,3,上课教育,If you had studied hard before, you would have p
2、assed the exam. （过去虚拟）,1.如果我是你，我会接受他的建议（现在虚拟）,2.如果明天下雨，我会待在家里。（将来虚拟）,3.如果你以前好好学习， 你会通过考试的。,If I were you, I would accept his advice.,If it rained（should rain/were to rain ）tomorrow, I would stay at home.,4,上课教育,You didnt let me drive. If we _ in turn, you _ so tired. drove; didnt get drove; wouldnt
3、get were driving; wouldnt get had driven; wouldnt have got,5,上课教育,1. if从句中， 省略if，were，had，should可以放在句首，（用于倒装结构），否定词not不能放在前面。,1.If I were you, I would accept his advice.,2.If it should rain tomorrow, I would stay at home.,3.If you had studied hard before, you would have passed the exam.,Had you stud
4、ied hard before,Were I you,Should it rain tomorrow,.,6,上课教育,_ it rain tomorrow, we would have to put off the visit to the Yang Pu Bridge. Were B. Should C.Would D. Will,If it should rain tomorrow (省略if，用部分倒装）,7,上课教育,2.错综时间虚拟语气 当从句与主句时间不一致时，动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间作出相应的调整。 If you _(follow)my advice just now,
5、you _(be)better now. If you _(study)hard before, you _(be)a college student now.,had followed,would be,had studied,would be,8,上课教育,If you _ with George earlier, you _ so angry now. talked; would not be had talked; would not be would talk; would not be had talked; would not have been,9,上课教育,If we had
6、 taken such effective measures much earlier, the river _ so seriously now. is not polluted would not be polluted had not been polluted would not have been polluted,10,上课教育,3、含蓄虚拟语气 在虚拟语气中，并不总是出现if引导的条件句，而通过其它手段来代替条件句。 常用的有otherwise ，or ，without，but for（倘没有，要不是）等。,1.I was ill that day. Otherwise, I w
7、ould have taken part in the sports meeting. =If I hadnt been ill that day, I would have taken part in the sports meeting.,11,上课教育,2.He telephoned to inform me of your birthday, or I would have known nothing about it.,3.Without / But for your help, we couldnt have finished the work ahead of time. =If
8、 it had not been for your help, ,12,上课教育,Without electricity, human being life _ quite different today. is will be would have been would be,13,上课教育,But for his help, I _. should not have succeeded have not succeeded did not succeed had not succeeded,14,上课教育,He hesitated for a moment before kicking t
9、he ball, otherwise he _ a goal. had scored scored would score would have scored,15,上课教育,It is strange that_. 他居然会这样说，真是奇怪。 It is necessary that_. 有必要派他去北京。,二、虚拟语气在主语从句中的使用 1，Its necessary/strange/natural/important/ impossible that 主语+(should)+动词原形,he ( should ) say so,he be sent to Beijing,16,上课教育,2
10、.It is a pity /a shame/ a surprise/no wonder that 主语+(should)+V原形,It is a great pity that_. 他居然会这样想，真是一件憾事。,he ( should ) think so,17,上课教育,3.It is/was suggested /ordered / demanded / proposed / （1234）+that +主语+(should)+V原形 Its suggested that the plan should be carried out. It is suggested that_ _. 有
11、人建议，晚会周六举行。,the party （should）be,held on Saturday,一个坚持 insisted,两道命令 ordered, commanded,三条建议 advised, suggested, proposed,四点要求 demanded, required, requested, desired,18,上课教育,It is required that you _ at six. will arrive B. arrive C. arrived D. would arrive 2.It is strange that the lazy boy _ pass th
12、e exam. A. has B. should C. would D. might,19,上课教育,3. It is necessary that our drinking water _ cleaner. A. should be made B. is made C. would be made D. was made,20,上课教育,三.虚拟语气在宾语从句中的使用 1.在wish 引导的宾语从句中,过去时（were）,过去完成时、 had+done could have done,Should/would/could/might+动词原形,I wish (that)he_(visit)
13、us tomorrow. I wish (that) he_(visit)us today. I wish he_(visit) us yesterday.,would visit,visited,had visited,21,上课教育,I wish I _ the meeting last week. A. could attend B. attended C. have attended D. had attended,22,上课教育,2.在表示坚持，要求,命令,建议的宾语从句中,一个坚持 _ 两个命令 _ 三个建议 _ 四个要求 _,+that 主语+（ should ）+ V原形 Th
14、e doctor suggested that he (should) try （try）to lose his weight. He insisted that we (should) tell （ tell）him the news.,insist,order, command,advise, suggest, propose,demand, require, request, desire,23,上课教育,注意： suggest:表明，暗示 陈述语气 建议 虚拟语气 Her pale face suggested that she _（be)ill . Her friends sugge
15、sted that she _(send) to hospital immediately. Insist：坚持说， 陈述语气 坚持要求 虚拟语气 He insisted that he _(not steal) the money . He insisted that he _ (set) free.,was,(should) be sent,hadnt stolen,(should) be set,24,上课教育,3.在 would rather 宁愿 would prefer would sooner +宾语从句中 had rather would as soon 与现在或将来事实相反
16、过去时 动词过去式/were 与过去事实相反 过去完成时 had done I would rather you _(come) here now. I would rather you _(come) here tomorrow. I would rather you _ (not tell)me the truth yesterday.,came,hadnt told,came,25,上课教育,四、虚拟语气的其他用法 1. as if / as though（好像）+从句(与wish一样) if only(要是就好了）,If only I _ (be)a bird If only you
17、_ （listen)to our advice! If only I _ （be）a superstar some day. He looks as if he _an artist. He talked about the accident as if he _it.,were,had listened,would be,were,had seen,26,上课教育,2.It is (high / about) time+ (that)从句 动词过去式 should（不可省略） + do 该是某人做某事的时候了。 It is high time that you got up/should g
18、et up.,27,上课教育,Im getting tired; its time we _ home. A. go B. are going C. went D. should be going,28,上课教育,3、在for fear that, in case, lest引导的从句中，若用虚拟语气时，从句谓语为：（should） + do。并且should能省略（for fear that，lest），in case不能省略 She examined the door again for fear that a thief _ (come) in. 她又把门检查了一遍，以防盗贼的进入。 H
19、e started out earlier lest he _ (be) late. 他早早的就出发了以防迟到。,(should) come,(should) be,29,上课教育,4、在so that / in order that所引导的目的状语从句中，从句中的谓语为： may (might) can (could) + do should He goes closer to the speaker so that he _him clearer. (hear) 他走近说话的人以便能听得更清楚。 He read the letter carefully in order that he _
20、 a word. (miss) 他把信读得很仔细以便不漏掉一个字。,can hear,should not miss,30,上课教育,5. 用于“May + 主语+ 动词原形+其他” May you have a long and happy life ！ 祝您快乐长寿！ May you make greater progress! 祝你取得更大进步！ 6. supposing / providing 假如， 如果 even if / even through 即使 的虚拟与 if 相同,31,上课教育,7.情态动词+ have done (1) could/might have done 表示过去本来可以(能够)做某事，但实际上没有做到。,(2) should (ought to) have done “本应该”，表示过去应该做而没做 (3) neednt have done 必要做某事，但实际做了,8.(1234)名词后定语从句-陈述语气 同位、表语从句虚拟语气,结束啦！,32,上课教育,33,上课教育,