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1、英语句子概论,英语句子的种类,简单句 (simple sentence),并列句 (compound sentence),复合句 (complex sentence),连接词,关系词,The old man has two sons. The old man has two sons, and both of them are doctors. The old man has two sons, both of whom are doctors. The old man says that he has two sons.,简单句,并列句,复合句,复合句,You are good studen
2、ts.,and、but、however,请判断以下是哪类句子,复合句:,定语从句 名词性从句 状语从句,主句+从句,从句,定语从句,Wangcai is a dog that/which can guard house . Ill never forget the day when the earthquake happened.,用关系词引导的修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。,先行词,关系词,Noun Clause 名词性从句,名词性从句在功能上相当于名词 在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语,表语,This is his job.,This is what he does every
3、day.,宾语,I dont like his job.,I dont like what he does every day.,宾语从句,表语从句,位置、成分,名词性从句,主语从句,宾语从句,表语从句,同位语从句,I heard what he said. I listen to what he said. This is what he said.,宾语从句,More examples,宾语从句,表语从句,Practice time：找出名词性从句,1. At lunchtime, the radio weatherman reported that the mist would beco
4、me a thick fog in the afternoon. 2. She wondered if the buses would still be running. 3. The truth is that the fog is too thick for the bus to run that far. 4. She sensed that she was being watched by a tall man in a dark coat.,宾语从句,宾语从句,表语从句,宾语从句,1. At lunchtime, the radio weatherman reported that
5、the mist would become a thick fog in the afternoon. 2. She wondered if the buses would still be running. 3. The truth is that the fog is too thick for the bus to run that far. 4. She sensed that she was being watched by a tall man in a dark coat.,Object Clauses 宾语从句,I know him . 2. I know who he is
6、.,主语,谓语,宾语,（简单句）,主语,谓语,宾 语 从 句,连接词,从句主语,从句谓语,主 句,（复合句）,句子做宾语就是宾语从句，跟在及物动词或介词后,句子结构： 主句 +连接词（引导词）+ 宾语从句,We wonder what we shall do . Could you tell me where they are? We believe that they have finished their task. 4. I am sorry that I didnt know you want to join the Party.,找出下列句中的宾语从句,We wonder what
7、we shall do . Could you tell me where they are? We believe that they have finished their task. 4. I am sorry that I didnt know you want to join the Party.,宾语从句的注意事项,句子类型,that,陈述句,一般疑问句,If/whether（是否）,特殊疑问词,特殊疑问句,从句要用陈述句语序（见92页例句）,一、连词（引导词） 1. 当宾语从句是陈述句时（包括肯定句和否定句），连词由that引导，因为that在从句中不作任何成分，也没有任何具体意
8、思，因此在口语或非正式文体中常省略,Lin Tao feels (that) his own team is even better. She says (that) she wont take part in the sports meeting next Sunday.,宾语从句中的连接词that在以下三种情况下 不能省略： （1）当that 从句与另一名词性从句并列作宾语时，第二个that不能省； （2）当that作介词宾语时，that不可省掉。 （3）用it做形式宾语的宾语从句 Everyone knew what happened and that she was worried.
9、The reason lies in that she works harder than the others do. I think it necessary that you should read English aloud.,2. 当宾语从句是一般疑问句时，由连词whether或if引导， “是否”，不能省略,Lily wanted to know if /whether her grandma liked the handbag . Lets see if /whether we can find out some information about that city .,1).
10、whether和if都可以引导宾语从句 a.当有or not时就用whether,不用if. I dont know whether or not I will stay. b.介词后面的宾语从句不能用if. I worry about whether I hurt her feeling.,注意 whether和if的使用区别,Practice time,if / whether1. I asked her _ she had a bike.2. Were worried about _ he is safe.3. I dont know _ he is well or not.4. I d
11、ont know _ or not he is well.,if / whether,whether,whether,whether,3. 当宾语从句是特殊疑问句时，由疑问词（what, who, whom, which；whose； when, where, how, why等）引导，因为疑问词在从句中担任一定的句子成分，具有一定的意义，所以不可以省略,Do you know what he said just now ? This is what he is worried about. I dont remember when we arrived . I asked him where
12、 I could get so much money . Please tell me who whom we have to see .,的东西,什么,二、时态 1. 如果主句是现在的时态 ，从句的时态可根 据实际情况而定，（包括一般现在时，一般过 去时，一般将来时，现在完成时等）,I know he lives here . ( live ) I know he lived here ten years ago . (live) I have heard that he will come tomorrow . (come),2.如果主句是过去的时态，那么从句的时态一定要用相对应的过去的某
13、种时态（包括一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时， 过去完成时）,I knew who lived here. (live) I saw she was talking with her mother. (talk with) He was wondering whether his father would come back tomorrow. (come back) He said that he had seen it . (see),3.当从句是客观真理，定义，公理，定理 时用一般现在时。,The teacher said that the earth travels around t
14、he sun. (travel),三、语序 宾语从句的语序用陈述语序： 主语连接词+主语+谓语+其他成分,Im wondering what she wants to eat.,1. When will he go to the library? His brother asks when he will go to the library . His brother asks when will he go to the library .,2. What does he want to buy ? I dont know what he wants to buy . I dont know
15、 what does he want to buy .,1.The young man asked _ its summer or winter. A. either B. that C. weather D. whether 2.We dont know _ they did it . A. how B. who C. what D. which 3. The teacher asks us _ Jim can come back on time . A. that B. if C. when D. what time 4. Does anybody know _ we will have
16、a sports meeting this weekend or not . A. if B. where C. whether D. that,D,A,B,C,作状语,主语、宾语、表语,5. Could you show me _ ? A. how can I get to the station B. where is the station C. how I could get to the station D. how I can reach the station 6. Please tell me _. A. what does he like B. what he does li
17、ke C. what he likes D. what he like 7. My sister told him _ . A. what day was it B. when the train arrived C. who she was waiting D. where did you live,C,B,D,8. Someone is ringing the doorbell . Go and see _ . A. who is he B. who he is C. who is it D. who it is 9. Could you tell me how long _ ? A. y
18、ou have bought the watch B. you have kept this science book C. have you been away from China D. have you been a member of Greener China 10. He says that if it _ tomorrow , he _ fishing . A. will rain , wont go B. rained , wasnt go C. rains , wont go D. rain , will go,B,C,D,1.We wonder how we shall d
19、o next. 2.Could you tell me where are they having a picnic? 3.I am sorry that I dont know you want to take part in the competition.,what,didnt,they are,Exercise: correct or not,4.I didnt know that you will come. 5.He said that he is writing a story. 6.Could you tell me when will he arrive? 7.You can
20、 begin to see why does English have such strange rules.,_ would,_ was,_ he will,_ English has,Exercise: multical-choice 1.I dont know_ we can live on the island without food. A.where B what C how D that 2.Could you tell me _? A where is the part ? B whos on duty ? C whose book is this ? D what are t
21、hey doing ? 3 The teacher told us that the earth _around the sun. A moved B moves C move D moving 4.I didnt know that Mr. Smith _yet. has returned B has returned C had returned D returned 5.We dont know _ they did it . We dont know_ they did. A. how B. who C. what D. which,B,B,C,C,A,C,Predicative Cl
22、auses 表语从句,表语从句是在复合句中作表语的名词性从句 1. 放在系动词之后 2. 可以接表语从句的系动词有 be, look, remain, seem,连接词：that / whether /as if /as though （ if 不引导表语从句) who / whom / whose / which / what when / where / why / how / because,The question is whether we can rely on him. Thats because we were in need of money at that time . H
23、e looked as if he was going to cry . Thats why I was late .,注 意：,在表语从句中，表“是否” 时，只能用 “whether”不能用“If”。 一般情况下，“that”不能省。 It is /was because .（这是因为） It is /was why. （这就是为什么） 4.The reason is that (原因是) 5. The reason (why/for)is /was that. 6. The reason is because /why,that .,The reason why he was late w
24、as that he got up late,for his being late,Thats _ the Party called on us to do. Thats _ the Party called on us to do it. A. why B. what C. how D. that 2. The reason is _ he is unable to operate the machine. A. because B. why C. that D. Whether 3 .That is _ they separated. A. that B. what C. which D.
25、 where 4.Jane is no longer _ she was four years ago. A. what B. which C. that D. when,的样子,B,A,4. Its known to us all _ a form of energy . A. water is B. that water is C. is water D. that water to 5. It worried her a bit _ her hair was turning gray. A. whether B. that C. what D. when 6.What I say and think _ none of your business. A. is B. are C. has D have,