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1、,Chapter 6,EDUCATION in the United States,Education in the United States,What are the reasons that the United States have became powerful and was able to sustain its power?,Pre-reading Questions: What does compulsory education mean? Is college education free in the US? Which of the following is not
2、a university in the US?(a) Yale University(b) Columbia University(c) Oxford University,4. In public schools in the US, funding mainly comes from(a) tax payers(b) private foundations(c) private donations(d) tuition from student 5. Which one of the following is the oldest university in the US?(a) Prin
3、ceton(b) New York University(c) Harvard(d) University of Edinburgh,Going to School Today,What is the goal of education? To achieve universal literacy and to provide individuals with the knowledge and skills necessary to promote both their own individual welfare as well as that of the general public.
4、,Going to School Today,What does K-12 education mean? Primary education and secondary education together referred to as K-12“ education in the United States.,What are the differences between private and public schools? Numbers Religious characteristics Expenditure,美国室内教室,美国小学室外教室,Education A Local M
5、atter,Why is education considered as a local matter? The United States does not have a national school system. The government provides guidance and funding for federal educational programs in which both public and private schools take part. Each of the 50 states has its own laws regulating education
6、.,Ages attending schools various Most states require attendance up to age 16, some up to 18. Thus, every child in America receives at least 11 years of education. Different roles in the selection of learning materials,The United States,Middle School,Education in the United States is locally controll
7、ed and administered. Consequently, there is a great deal of variation from one state to another, and even within a state.,Primary school American children start school at the age of five years. The first year at school is called kindergarten. The second year at school is referred to as first grade.
8、Primary school most commonly consists of five years of education, referred to as first through fifth grades.,In general, a student learns basic arithmetic and sometimes rudimentary algebra in mathematics, as well as learning English proficiency (language arts), such as basic grammar, spelling, and v
9、ocabulary. Some schools also provides social studies.,Higher School Upon completion of fifth grade, American children enrolled in the secondary school. Secondary school most commonly consists of a total of seven years, referred to as sixth through twelfth grades. The ninth through twelfth grades are
10、 most commonly referred to as high school.,Science (biology, chemistry, and physics) Mathematics English (four years) Social Science (various history, government, and economics courses, always including American history) Physical education (at least one year),Many states require a Health course in w
11、hich students learn anatomy, nutrition, and first aid; the basic concepts of sexuality and birth control; and why to avoid substances like illegal drugs, cigarettes, and alcohol.,Common types of electives include: Visual arts (drawing, sculpture, painting, photography, film) Performing Arts (drama,
12、band, orchestra, dance) Shop (woodworking, metalworking, automobile repair) Computers (word processing, programming, graphic design) Athletics (football, baseball, basketball, track and field, swimming, gymnastics, water polo, soccer) Publishing (journalism, yearbook) Foreign languages,USA High Scho
13、ols and High School Diplomas The USAhigh school system is unlike that of many other countries. There is little national standardization in the typical USA high school (or secondary school) curriculum.,Puritan contribution to American education In 1634, they open a “Latin grammar” school, a school fo
14、r those who wanted to prepare for college. In 1636, Harvard College was founded for the training of religious ministers In 1634 and 1638, the Puritans passed laws declaring that all property could be taxed for the common good, which included the support of schools,In 1642 and 1647, the Bay Colony pa
15、ssed laws requiring all parents to provide reading education for their children. In less than 20 years, the Puritan introduced two practices that still influence American youth: (1) compulsory education for all children (2) public taxation for schools,联合国定义的文盲是不能读和写任何一种语言的简单信息。1950年统计44的世界人口是文盲，1978
16、年降到32.5，1990年降到27，1998年降到16。然而，联合国儿童基金会1998年的研究指出，21世纪文盲率将会增加，因为20世纪末只有四分之一的儿童在校。文盲率最高的地方是非洲、亚洲和南美洲的欠发达国家。最低的是澳大利亚、日本和北朝鲜，以及欧洲和北美。按联合国标准，美国和加拿大的文盲率约1，但其中的农村地区文盲率可能会高的多,2004年中国各省市文盲率排名,Look at the figures showed above: What did you notice? What is the differences? What should we do change?,Higher Edu
17、cation,While-reading questions: Out of three million students graduate from higher school, how many go on for higher education? What are basis for successful applicants? What consists of institution system? What are the factors that determine the quality of an intuition? Factors contributing to the
18、flourishing of large universities in America?,In order to go to an university, secondary school students must: (1) have high school records (2) recommendations from their teachers (3)get good scores in the Scholastic Aptitude Test (4)make good impressions during the interviews,Higher Education,It in
19、cludes 4 categories of institutions. (1)the university (2)the four-year undergraduate institution (the college)(四年制本科学院) (3)the technical training institution(技术培训学院) (4) the two-year or community college（两年制社区学院）,Public and private colleges depend on three sources of income: student intuition, endo
20、wments (捐赠gifts made by wealthy benefactors慈善家) and government funding. Harvard, Princeton and Yale Universities get very large endowments, more than 1000 million dollars each.,UNIVERSITTY OF HARVARD,UNIVERSITTY OF YALE,Princeton University,p,Princeton University,Factors contributing to the flourish
21、ing of large universities in America: Large universities offer the best libraries and facilities for scientific research. Large universities provide students with “mainframe”(大型机，主机) computer. Large universities attract students with modern laboratories.,The undergraduate student gets a bachelors de
22、gree after earning a certain number of credits (120) in four years of college. The other two higher degrees are masters degree and doctors degree.,During the 1970s and 1980s, there was a trend away from the traditional liberal arts. Many students were choosing major fields that would prepare them for specific jobs.,AMERICAN GRADUATE,Thank you!,