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1、Unit4 Earthquake Grammar,Revision All the students are not here.Everything is not good.Both of them are not students.,None of the students is here. Nothing is good. Neither of them is a student.,定语从句,The Attributive Clause,带定语从句的谚语： 1. God helps those who help themselves. 自助者天助之。 2. He who laughs la
2、st laughs best. 谁笑到最后，谁笑的最好。 3. He who doesnt reach the Great Wall is not a true man. 不到长城非好汉。,定语从句复习,1.定语从句类型,限定性定语从句,非限定性定语从句,2.定语从句关系词,关系代词 6个,关系副词 3个,有逗号隔开,关系代词 that which who whom whose as,关系副词 when where why,1.定义：,在复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句,2.先行词：,被修饰的名词,代词或整句话,关系代词、关系副词：,3.引导定语从句的词,关系代词：,关系副词：,when, whe
3、re, why等,who, whom, whose, which, that,as等,定语从句的相关概念,There was an earthquake which happened in Tangshan in 1976.,关系代词的用法,关系代词在从句中可以：,whom,who,which,that,whose,何时可以省略？,做宾语时可以省略,1.The man _came to our school is Mr. Wang. 2.The girl _ I met is Lucy. 3.A child _parents are dead is called Tom. 4.I like t
4、he book _ you bought yesterday. 5. We shall never forget the days _we spent together. 6.I like the person _you just talked. 7. I have a room _window faces south.,who, that,whom, that, who, /,whose,that, which, /,that, which, /,to whom,whose,Practise,He is such a person as is respected by all of us.
5、This is the same pen as I lost yesterday. 定语从句中的省略： 注意1）关系词whom/which/that作宾语时，一般可以省略。 2）关系词前有介词而且关系词在定语从句中做宾语（表语）时，指人时用whom，指物时用which,而且不能省略。,3. _ is known to all, he is the best student.,As,难点一：as的用法,asthatwhich 1. It is such a big stone _ nobody can lift. 2. It is such a big stone _ nobody can li
6、ft it.,as,that,归纳： as引导限制性定语从句先行词前常被such, the same, so, as 修饰，即构成suchas , the same as, soas, 结构，as在定语从句中应充当成分如：主语、宾语或表语。,注意,as 与which引导非限制性定语从句都能指代整句内容， The earth is round,_ is known to all. _ is known to all, the earth is round.,which/ as,As,一、that和which用法的区别,(1) 先行词为all, everything, nothing, somet
7、hing, anything, little, much 等不定代词时。,I am sure she has something _ you can borrow.,(2)先行词被all, every, no, some, any, little, much等 修饰时。,Ive read all the books _ you lend me.,1、只能用that不用which的情况,(that),that,Do you have anything _ you dont understand?,(that),Please send us any information _ you have a
8、bout the subject.,that,(3)先行词被序数词或最高级修饰时。,This is the first book _ he has read.,(that),It is the most beautiful city _ Ive ever seen.,that,(4)先行词被the only, the very, the same, the last修饰时。,This is the very book _ belongs to him.,that,He is the only person _ was present at the time.,that,(6) 先行词是who或
9、which引导的主句。 Who is the girl _ drove the car?,(7) 主句以there be 引导时。 There are more than 400,000 people _ died or were injured in the earthquake.,(5)先行词既有人又有物时。,The famous writer and his works _ the radio broadcast are popular to the students.,that,that,that,(1) 关系代词在限制性定语从句中紧跟介词作宾语（介词提前）。 There are ma
10、ny trees _ they can have a rest. This is the ring _ she spent 1000 dollars.,2、只用which不用that的情况,(2) 在非限制性定语从句中。 Football, _ is a very popular game, is played all over the world.,under which,on which,which,二、只用who的情况,One _ has nothing to fear dares to tell the truth. The ones _ laugh at the disabled a
11、re not good students. Anyone _ fails to finish the task should be punished. Those _ want to go to The Great Wall sigh up here.,who,who,who,who,先行词是one, ones, anyone,everyone, those，he等时用who.,1.先行词是these, those指人时，关系代词只用who. Those who are playing over there are my students. 2.先行词是人称代词(he, she)时，关系代词只
12、用who. He who doesnt reach the Great Wall is not a true man. 3.不定代词someone, anyone, everyone, no one, somebody, anybody, everybody作先行词时，关系代词用who. Anybody who breaks the rules would be punished.,3. 表所有关系及整体中的一部分或全部时，用介 词of, 有时可用whose转换。 1) Im painting a house, the roof _ is round.,Im painting a house
13、_ is round.,2) They live in a house, _ windows face south.,They live in a house, the windows _ face south.,of which,whose,of which,whose roof,One, some, any, none, all, both, several, many, most, neither, either等词、数词、分数或百分比与of whom或of which连用。,He has five children, two of whom are abroad. (比较：He has
14、 five children, and two of them are abroad.),We have three books, none of which is/are interesting. (比较：We have three books, but none of them is/are interesting.),找正确的关系词的方法：瞻前顾后 瞻前：先看先行词是人还是物。 顾后：看关系词在后面的定语从句中所做的成分。,关系代词&关系副词的选择 如果充当是名词性成分，使用关系代词； 如果充当是状语成分，使用关系副词。,考点一:如何判定用关系代词还是用关系副词,1.Ill never
15、forget the days_ we worked together. 2.Ill never forget the days _ we spent together. 3.I went to the place I worked ten years ago. 4.I went to the place _ I visited ten years ago. 5.This is the reason _ he was late. 6.This is the reason _he gave.,when,(which/that),where,(which/that),why,(that/which
16、),几种易混的情况,及物动词,及物动词,及物动词,in which,in which,for which,1. Ive come to the point where I cant stand him.,我已经到了无法容忍他的地步了。,where引导的定语从句先行词大多数情况下是 表示地点的名词，但也有特殊情况。,难点二：一些特殊词之后的where,解析：如果定语从句分别修饰point, situation, part, condition和case等表示抽象意义的词，常用where 引导，意思是“到了某种地步，在某种境况中” 。,介词的选用原则 根据定语从句中谓语动词的习惯搭 配来决定。如：
17、 This is the camera _ I spent 6 yuan. This is the camera _ I paid 6 yuan.,spend money on sth.为固定搭配,ay money for sth.为固定搭配,on which,for which,2)根据先行词的搭配习惯来决定。如： I remember the day _ I came to my tower of ivory. I remember the days _ I visited Paris.,强调在具体某一天要用介词on,强调在某几天时间内要用介词during,on which,during
18、which,3) 根据从句中动词与先行词的逻辑关系。 Is that the newspaper _ you often write articles?,for which,介词+关系代词的情况 1,The man whom you spoke was a scientist. The city which she lives is far away.,to,in,介词+关系代词的情况 2,The man who/whom you spoke was a scientist. The city that/which she lives is far away.,to,in,介词+关系代词的情况
19、 3,The man who/whom you spoke was a scientist. The city that/which she lives is far away.,to,in,可见,who、that 不能用与介词之后,介词+关系代词的情况 4,Is this the watch that you are looking for? T he old man whom I am looking after is better .,在固定短语中介词不能提前,固定的动词短语（动词+介词）如look for, take care of等不能把动词与介词拆开，既介词不能提至引导词前。,1.
20、 Do you like the book she spent $10? 2. Do you like the book she paid $10? 3. Do you like the book she learned a lot? 4. Do you like the book she often talks? 5. He built a telescope he could study the skies. 6. There is a tall tree outside, stands our teacher. 7. China has a lot of rivers, the seco
21、nd longest _ is the Yellow River. 8. The tower _ people can have a good view is on the hill. 9. The man _ I spoke on the phone last night is very good at wrestling. 10. He paid the boy $10 for washing ten windows, most _ hadnt been cleaned for at least a year.,on which,for which,from which,about whi
22、ch,through which,under which,of which,from which,to whom,of which,介词+关系代词的情况 练习,wherethat 1.This is the library_I borrowed the book. 2.It is from this library_I borrowed the book.,where,定语从句,that,强调句型,综合考查一：定语从句与强调句,3. -Where did you last see Mr. Smith? -It was in the hotel_ I lived. A. that B. whic
23、h C. where D. when,难点三.综合考查,近年来，高考对定语从句和其它从句如：强调句、名词性从句和状语从句等的综合考查越来越多，这就要求考生有扎实的基础知识和较强的综合分析能力。,综合考查二：定语从句与同位语从句,1. We all have heard the news_ our team won. 2. We dont believe in the news _ he told us yesterday.,that,that/which/,that/which,综合考查三：定语从句与并列句it/them与which/whom,1.There are 50 students i
24、n our class, 20 of _ are girls. 2.There are 50 students in our class, and 20 of _ are girls.,whom,them,四.定语从句中主谓一致,Dont choose me, who_ not fit for this job.,先行词是the only one of +可数名词复数，在定语从句中作主语时，定语从句中的谓语用单数形（因为此时的先行词是the only one,而不是of 后的可数名词复数） He is the only one of the boys that likes playing the piano. This is the only one of the books that is borrowed. 先行词是one of +可数名词复数，在定语从句中作主语时，定语从句中的谓语用复数形式（因为此时的先行词是of 后的可数名词复数,而不是one） This is one of the students who are late.,Good-bye,Thank you !,