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1、史上最全逻辑连接词1. Although （更书面） = though （更口语） =even if （即使，更偏假设性 ）= even though （虽然，更偏事实性） + 句子注：不能与 but 连用。Devoted though we are to prosperity and freedom, we cannot shake off the judgmental strand of ju stice. 用倒装2. No matter how/what/who等= 疑问句 +everNo matter who/Whoever you are, you must keep the law
2、.注意：疑问句 +ever 可以引导名词性从句Whoever （工 no matter who ） comes will be welcome.3. ，as long as You can do what you want, as long as you like.4. 名词/ 表语/ 动词+ as（though ）倒装，。，表“纵使”Object as/though you may, I'll go 。Small as atoms are, they are made up of still smaller units 。Lover of towns as I am, I reali
3、ze that I owe a debt to my early country life.5. Whether or 正反两方面，。表“不论。与否”Whether you believe it or not , its true.Youll have to attend the ceremony whetheryoure free or busy.6. Be原型+主语+表语（n, adj ） = whether+ 主语+be动词+表语（n, adj ）。不论。一文学性强的虚拟语气，表 让步。Be it historical tradition, faith and culture, or s
4、ocial system, values and level of development, those co untries or regions are often different from one another.7. Despite +n/ving = in spite of 尽管 . （不能加句子）Despite the fact that + 句子（太累赘）Despite myself,情不自禁地Her words were so satirical （讽刺的）that Ilost mytemperin spiteof myself。8. Notwithstanding+sth
5、尽管But notwithstandingitsancientlineage, itis opento thefollowingchallenge.9. Albeit虽然即使You are to be givenonemethodofcommunicationwithyourrival,albeit indirect communication.#1.2 原因 #SinceAsBecauseFor +句子As a result of sth . = As a consequence of sth 由于 sth, sth 是原因。Because ofOwing to sth 介词Thanks t
6、o.后面原因一般是积极性的By virtue of sthOn account ofBe due toOwe to sth 动词Account for=resultin表示导致Systematic economicforces account for the disastrous loses.Attribute to 把。归因于。He attributed the opposition to a deep-seated attitude in military.Sth would explain why For this reason ,.For one reason or another,由
7、于某种原因（不具体指明）His travel articles are always, for one reason or another, fascinating.For one thing ,在众多原因中指出其中一个A lot of people don ' t take the time to read contracts. For one thing, they ' re often in very tiny print.On this/that account ，由于这个、那个原因She was divorced, and on that account alone
8、my mother disliked her.The reason why+ 结果 / that+ 原因the money.Greed is the reason why they do not deserve#1.3 结果 #Accordingly=Consequently原因+Result in+结果This outcome will result in children starting bullying younger ones.ThusHenceSoThereforeExcessive greed is therefore a vice that a good society sho
9、uld discourage if it can.As suchAs a result 最终，因此，结果As a consequence/In consequence,.#1.4目的 #SoSo thatShould law be neutral towards competing conceptions of virtue, so that people can be freefor themselves the best way to live?In order thatRegular checks are required in order that safety standards a
10、re maintained.To do sth,To answer it, we have to explore the meaning of justice.In order to do sthto choosehonor anIn order to determine who deserves what, we have to determine what virtues are worthy of d reward.For the sake of sth=For sth ' s sake 为了 sth 的目的I hope you ' re not doing this j
11、ust for the sake of the money.For clarity ' s sake, I' d like to reword my statement.#1.5 转折 #However,Yet轻微转折And yet we worry when judgments about virtue finds their way into laws.WhereasConverselyNeverthelessOtherwise,否则On the contraryInstead,表示对上述方式的完全反转Instead, a just society respects eac
12、h people ' s freedom to choose his or her own conception of the good life.ContrarilyInverselyContrariwiseOppositely,Instead of sthAs opposed to表示与前述对象的反转对比The cost of these planes is £ 3million, as opposed to the £ 2million charged by their competitors.While引导从句，表明前后情况不同，做个对比Rather tha
13、n.并不是、而不、并没有，前后对等Be honest rather than clever.诚实胜于机巧。This policy might lead them to stay in harm ' s way rather than flee to safety.Rather than press for maximum advantages, people look out for one another.#1.6 对比 #While既可以对比相反的东西，也可以对比稍有不同的Ancient theories start with virtue while modern theorie
14、s start with freedom.On the other hand,By/In comparison/contrast对比之下Their lives were exciting and glamorous; ours seemed dull by comparison.The virtue argument, by contrast, rests on the judgment that greed is a vice that state should discourage.Alternatively,提供另一种思路或方法建议In/By comparison with sth 介词
15、This essay will briefly review the cons and pros of imprisonment in comparison with job training.By comparison with the lively teenagers, the adults were a joyless lot.Compared with/to#1.7 类比 #Just as/likeSimilarly,Likewise,Identically,Equivalently,As asThey have sacrificed as surely, and as honorab
16、ly, as those who have lost a limb.The same asTourists find this park just the same as the one they visited previously.In the same way/manner#1.8 递进 #FurtherFurthermoreBesides,MoreoverIn addition to sth,In addition to outlining the causes of this problem, this essay willIn addition,What ' s moreA
17、part from B其有两个意思，既可以：除了 B （包括B）,也表示：除了Additionally,#1.9 举例 #The likes of 就像Such asLikeTheir purchases of necessities like safe lodging are forced.Including ,包括e.g.直接加sth,中间没有逗号is a case in point.正在点儿上，指例子可以很好地阐述这个观点Here is a case where 指出例子Here is a case where the economy as a whole seemed to outwe
18、ighTake . as an example 以。为例In some instances. 在某些情况中For instances,also propose solutions.B （不包括B）considerations of fairness.For example,#1.10 假设 #IfIf its price is higher, manufacturers will find it worth their while to produce more goods.Given/provided/providing+名词/that 从句,考虑到、假如You can go out to
19、play provided that you finish your homeworkfirst.It' s a lot easier to get good marks on a short-answer question, providingyou do it well.Only if,唯有，唯一的条件是The rebels say they are ready to stop fighting, but only if the prisoners are released.On condition that，以。为前提，只有#1.11 解释，转述#In other words,P
20、rosperity matters, in other words, because it contributes to our welfare.That is, that is to say,i.e.NamelySome groups, namely students and pensioners, will benefit from the new tax.Mean that#1.12 并列 #AndA as well as B,强调as前得名词或者形容词 A,不仅B，而且AWe must learn to look at problems all-sidedly,seeing the r
21、everse as well as the obverse side of things.强调要看到reverse即反面no less A than B，同上强调前面A，不仅B,而且Anot only 代but also B,不同上，强调后面B，不仅A，而且BHe is a statesman as well as a scholar=He is no less a statesman than a scholar=He is not only a sc holar but also a statesman.and.A.as well.则强调 A#1.13 说明观点#认为/支持/反对#认为：A
22、rgue that.有“争论到"之意，用于对陈述相反观点Some economists argued that the law was misconceived.Believe thatSome believed that the exchange of goods should be governed by a just price.Acknowledge that.承认，一般表示某人承认，之后会转折I have to acknowledge that it has the advantage of high efficiency.Maintain thatDefenders of
23、 this law maintain that, under certain conditions, the free market is not truly free.Hold thatMany people hold that government should be neutral on matters of virtue and vice.Insist thatThose who insist that only bleeding wounds should be count believe that Claim that 声称The veteran ' s group cla
24、imed that doing so would“debase ” the honor.Point outAs he points out, buyers under duress have no freedom.Consider (to be).认为。如何Some people favor abortion rights, and others consider abortion to be murder.Whereas some consider it an form of reverse discrimination against people who deserve admissio
25、n on their merits.Be of the opinion thatI am of the opinion that car ownership should be discouraged.From a personal point of view,.From a personal point of view, it is essential to reduce non-essential travel.Sb' s point is that某人的意思是Plato ' s point is that to grasp the meaning of justice a
26、nd the nature of the good life, we must rise a bove from the prejudices and routines of everyday life.#支持:SupportFavor sth/doing sthThe captain favors including mental injuries.Defend sth捍卫，支持Some defend affirmative actions in college admissions as a way of righting past wrongs.Advocates/defenders/p
27、roponents反对者、支持者Conviction ,坚信My firm conviction is that punishment does not has much of a role to play in this.#反对：Argue against. 反对Jeff, a pro-market commentator writing the book Boston Globe, argued against this law.Reject反对某种观点/行为Jim rejected the notion that these “unconscionable ” prices reflec
28、ted a truly free exchange.A civilized country should reject the torture of terror suspects.The argument for or against sth. 对某话题的支持/反对观点We should also consider one further argument for this law.Oppose sth/sb/doingA veteran ' s group opposed awarding the medal for psychological injuries.DisagreeC
29、itizens of pluralistsocieties disagree aboutsuch things?Disagree withTherefore I have to disagree almost entirely with the given statement.Opponents反对者，是名词Not surprisingly,the opponentsof thislaw invoke these two similar argumentsfor free markets.It is true thatbut用于承认一方后，强调另一方#表示优点缺点 advantages and
30、 disadvantagesIts advantages overweight its disadvantages.pros and consstrengths and weaknessesmerits and demeritsthe bbenefits and problemsEven if high prices call forth a greater supply of goods, this benefit has to be weighed against urden such prices impose on those least to afford them.Ontheplu
31、s/positive/negativesideOnthedownsidesth do more good than harmA Outweigh B , A超出B，更重要，用以连接上述的优缺点词汇The possible benefits outweigh the risks involved.#做结论Conclude that.So we can conclude that .In brief/in summary/conclusionTo summarize#根据According to/based onthought.According to the textbook context,
32、this question divides ancient and modern political#引出话题It is said that 据说It seems thatThe focus of is on sth.The focus of this essay is on the causes of and solutions to this problem.In terms of/ regarding/concerning/ when it comes to sth/as for/for/with regard to/with respect t o 关于、至于， talking abo
33、ut/speaking of 比较口语化*PART2 重要句式结构*原则：主谓宾是骨头，逻辑连接词是骨头间的韧带，其他修饰词则是肌肉名词从句 = 名词What I am proficient in is ancient Chinese literature.That ' s where he met me.ThoseThose+adj/ving/ved/tov/ 介词 ，代表一类人或物All those eligible will receive a cash handout.The new law clearly benefits those earning the most mon
34、ey.Only 18 percent of those surveyed opposed the idea.Im going to sort these old books into those to be kept and those to be thrown away.Have some consideration for those without a job.Those+ 从句 who（ 人 ）/which （物） /whose （表归属） /in which （表位置）， Those 相当于一个名词Only those who had booked in advance were a
35、llowed in.We must try to find out those which may be attacked most easily.This disease is more likely to strike those whose immune systems are already below par.The poems which he wrote in the countryside are generally agreed to be those in which he found hi s true voice.He who can be a best servant
36、 can be a best leader. 在句子中，任何名词随时都可以用 ved/ving/ 介词/ 形容词来修饰，可以使得单句也有复杂结构，却比定语从句简单 疑问词 +to+vI am considering how to manage this assignment But who is to judge what is virtue and what is vic e?动词分词做定语( ving, ved ), 可以替代定语从句His work as a consultant consisted in advising foreign companieson the siting o
37、f new factories.句子， especially+ 名词或者从句 . 这样可以对句子进行更加精确的描述。Members of a competitive team can always keep them motivated,especially when confronted with tough situation and fierce competition.，if any.(表示如果有的话)State your hypothesis or theory, if any.What, if anything , should the law do about it ？Rathe
38、r, 单独出现表示“更准确的说”Rather, parents should employ a variety of methods to discipline their children.用插入语 . 补充信息，增强节奏感：两种形式：逗号或者横线隔开But in a market society , the economists observed, prices are set by demand and supply.They are no more “special ” or “fair ” than other prices that market conditions includ
39、ing those promoted by a hurricane may bring about. 补充信息。Higher prices have the advantages , economists argued, of limiting the use of such things by consum ers. 转述说的话时，“某某说”可以做插入语。Jeff, a pro-market commentator writing the book Boston Globe, argued against this law on similar grounds. 对身份的补充。Many pe
40、ople , including those who support this law, find the virtue argument discomfiting. 包含的对 象的具体说明。All they ever see is the play of shadows on the wall, a reflection of objects they can never apprehe nd. 同位语，用以解释或者补充前面的名词To do sth 作主语To punish a very young child is both wrong and foolish.By doing sth,表
41、示做事的方式途径By providing incentives for suppliers to produce more of the needed goods, it do more good than h arm.副词开头，句子。 节奏感强Not surprisingly , the opponentsof this law invoke these two similar arguments for free markets.Doing/To do A is not doing/todo B. 做 A 并不是做 B. 表示从反面对 A 的补充To acknowledge the mor
42、al forces of virtue argument is not to insis t it must always prevail over com peting considerations.特殊的定语从句，介词 +which 定语从句与介词的妙用，这需要动词与介词本身就是固定搭配It is about cultivating the attitudes and the qualities of characters, on which a good society depends.Cannot without没有。就不能。Aristotle maintains that we ca
43、nnot figure out what a just consideration is without first reflecting of th e most desirable way of life.主语倒装句At the heart of the disagreement are rival conceptions of moral character.Underlying the phenomenon was a profound reason.Sth is not (that)but (that),成分要一致，是。而不是。The public 's objection
44、to the bonuses is not that they reward greed but that they reward failure.The answer is that moral reflection is not a solitary pursuit but a public endeavor.构词形式： A- 被动： 被 A 。的A market-driven societyA knowledge-based economy副词+ 形容词Financially better-offDo 用于动词前表示强调He did want them to take responsib
45、ility for their failure.反问，表示强烈语气Couldn 't it be argued that 难道不能认为How can it be 。怎么可能What wouldsth be if如果sth 会怎样?With+ved/ving/to do/sth,动词分词前置或者后置： ved, 句子， ving Awarded the Noble Prize, Yoyouyou become known by public, making her the most influential figure of this year.Confronted with this
46、situation, we .Socrates suggests that, having glimpsed the sun, only the philosopher is fit to rule the cave dwellers, if he can somehow be coaxes into the darkness where they live.用虚拟语气（动词用过去式），表示未发生或者假想发生的事儿Let us not forgeteither that 咱们也不要忘记。Let us forget either that traditionalproducts, whetherthese be medicinesor food, provide employment for local people.*PART3 词组与句子搭配*