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1、第二部分 重点章节测试题Test One: Invitations to LinguisticsI.Choose the best answer. (20%)1.Language is a system of arbitrary vocal symbols used for human _.A. contactB. communicationC. relationD. community2.Which of the following words is entirely arbitrary?A. treeB. typewriterC. crashD. bang3.The function of
2、 the sentence “Water boils at 100 degrees Centigrade.” is _.A. interrogativeB. directiveC. informativeD. performative4.In Chinese when someone breaks a bowl or a plate the host or the people present are likely to say“碎碎（岁岁）平安”as a means of controlling the forces which they believes feel might affect
3、 their lives. Which functions does it perform?A. InterpersonalB. EmotiveC. PerformativeD. Recreational5.Which of the following property of language enables language users to overcome the barriers caused by time and place, due to this feature of language, speakers of a language are free to talk about
4、 anything in any situation?A. TransferabilityB. DualityC. DisplacementD. Arbitrariness6.Study the following dialogue. What function does it play according to the functions of language? A nice day, isnt it? Right! I really enjoy the sunlight.A. EmotiveB. PhaticC. PerformativeD. Interpersonal7._ refer
5、s to the actual realization of the ideal language users knowledge of the rules of his language in utterances.A. PerformanceB. CompetenceC. LangueD. Parole8.When a dog is barking, you assume it is barking for something or at someone that exists hear and now. It couldnt be sorrowful for some lost love
6、 or lost bone. This indicates the design feature of _.A. cultural transmissionB. productivityC. displacementD. duality9._ answers such questions as how we as infants acquire our first language.A. PsycholinguisticsB. Anthropological linguistics推荐精选C. SociolinguisticsD. Applied linguistics10._ deals w
7、ith language application to other fields, particularly education.A. Linguistic theoryB. Practical linguisticsC. Applied linguisticsD. Comparative linguisticsII.Decide whether the following statements are true or false. (10%)11.Language is a means of verbal communication. Therefore, the communication
8、 way used by the deaf-mute is not language.12.Language change is universal, ongoing and arbitrary.13.Speaking is the quickest and most efficient way of the human communication systems.14.Language is written because writing is the primary medium for all languages.15.We were all born with the ability
9、to acquire language, which means the details of any language system can be genetically transmitted.16.Only human beings are able to communicate.17.F. de Saussure, who made the distinction between langue and parole in the early 20th century, was a French linguist.18.A study of the features of the Eng
10、lish used in Shakespeares time is an example of the diachronic study of language.19.Speech and writing came into being at much the same time in human history.20.All the languages in the world today have both spoken and written forms.III.Fill in the blanks. (10%)21.Language, broadly speaking, is a me
11、ans of _ communication.22.In any language words can be used in new ways to mean new things and can be combined into innumerable sentences based on limited rules. This feature is usually termed _.23.Language has many functions. We can use language to talk about itself. This function is _.24.Theory th
12、at primitive man made involuntary vocal noises while performing heavy work has been called the _ theory.25.Linguistics is the _ study of language.26.Modern linguistics is _ in the sense that the linguist tries to discover what language is rather than lay down some rules for people to observe.27.One
13、general principle of linguistic analysis is the primacy of _ over writing.28.The description of a language as it changes through time is a _ study.29.Saussure put forward two important concepts. _ refers to the abstract linguistic system shared by all members of a speech community.推荐精选30.Linguistic
14、potential is similar to Saussures langue and Chomskys _.IV.Explain the following terms, using examples. (20%)31.Design feature32.Displacement33.Competence34.Synchronic linguisticsV.Answer the following questions. (20%)35.Why do people take duality as one of the important design features of human lan
15、guage? Can you tell us what language will be if it has no such design feature? （南开大学，2004）36.Why is it difficult to define language? （北京第二外国语大学，2004）VI.Analyze the following situation. (20%)37.How can a linguist make his analysis scientific? （青岛海洋大学，1999）推荐精选Test Two: Phonetics and PhonologyI.Choose
16、 the best answer. (20%)1.Pitch variation is known as _ when its patterns are imposed on sentences.A. intonationB. toneC. pronunciationD. voice2.Conventionally a _ is put in slashes (/ /).A. allophoneB. phoneC. phonemeD. morpheme3.An aspirated p, an unaspirated p and an unreleased p are _ of the p ph
17、oneme.A. analoguesB. tagmemesC. morphemesD. allophones4.The opening between the vocal cords is sometimes referred to as _.A. glottisB. vocal cavityC. pharynxD. uvula5.The diphthongs that are made with a movement of the tongue towards the center are known as _ diphthongs.A. wideB. closingC. narrowD.
18、centering6.A phoneme is a group of similar sounds called _.A. minimal pairsB. allomorphsC. phonesD. allophones7.Which branch of phonetics concerns the production of speech sounds?A. Acoustic phoneticsB. Articulatory phoneticsC. Auditory phoneticsD. None of the above8.Which one is different from the
19、others according to places of articulation?A. nB. mC. bD. p9.Which vowel is different from the others according to the characteristics of vowels?A. i:B. uC. eD. i10.What kind of sounds can we make when the vocal cords are vibrating?A. VoicelessB. VoicedC. Glottal stopD. ConsonantII.Decide whether th
20、e following statements are true or false. (10%)11.Suprasegmental phonology refers to the study of phonological properties of units larger than the segment-phoneme, such as syllable, word and sentence.12.The air stream provided by the lungs has to undergo a number of modification to acquire the quali
21、ty of a speech sound.13.Two sounds are in free variation when they occur in the same environment and do not contrast, namely, 推荐精选the substitution of one for the other does not produce a different word, but merely a different pronunciation.14.p is a voiced bilabial stop.15.Acoustic phonetics is conc
22、erned with the perception of speech sounds.16.All syllables must have a nucleus but not all syllables contain an onset and a coda.17.When pure vowels or monophthongs are pronounced, no vowel glides take place.18.According to the length or tenseness of the pronunciation, vowels can be divided into te
23、nse vs. lax or long vs. short.19.Received Pronunciation is the pronunciation accepted by most people.20.The maximal onset principle states that when there is a choice as to where to place a consonant, it is put into the coda rather than the onset.III.Fill in the blanks. (20%)21.Consonant sounds can
24、be either _ or _, while all vowel sounds are _.22.Consonant sounds can also be made when two organs of speech in the mouth are brought close together so that the air is pushed out between them, causing _.23.The qualities of vowels depend upon the position of the _ and the lips.24.One element in the
25、description of vowels is the part of the tongue which is at the highest point in the mouth. A second element is the _ to which that part of the tongue is raised.25.Consonants differ from vowels in that the latter are produced without _.26.In phonological analysis the words fail / veil are distinguis
26、hable simply because of the two phonemes /f/ - /v/. This is an example for illustrating _.27.In English there are a number of _, which are produced by moving from one vowel position to another through intervening positions.28._ refers to the phenomenon of sounds continually show the influence of the
27、ir neighbors.29._ is the smallest linguistic unit.30.Speech takes place when the organs of speech move to produce patterns of sound. These movements have an effect on the _ coming from the lungs.IV.Explain the following terms, using examples. (20%)31.Sound assimilation32.Suprasegmental feature33.Com
28、plementary distribution34.Distinctive features推荐精选V.Answer the following questions. (20%)35.What is acoustic phonetics?（中国人民大学，2003）36.What are the differences between voiced sounds and voiceless sounds in terms of articulation?（南开大学，2004）VI.Analyze the following situation. (20%)37.Write the symbol
29、that corresponds to each of the following phonetic descriptions; then give an English word that contains this sound. Example: voiced alveolar stop d dog. （青岛海洋大学，1999）(1)voiceless bilabial unaspirated stop(2)low front vowel(3)lateral liquid(4)velar nasal(5)voiced interdental fricative推荐精选Test Three:
30、 MorphologyI.Choose the best answer. (20%)1.Nouns, verbs and adjectives can be classified as _.A. lexical wordsB. grammatical wordsC. function wordsD. form words2.Morphemes that represent tense, number, gender and case are called _ morpheme.A. inflectionalB. freeC. boundD. derivational3.There are _
31、morphemes in the word denationalization.A. threeB. fourC. fiveD. six4.In English ise and tion are called _.A. prefixesB. suffixesC. infixesD. stems5.The three subtypes of affixes are: prefix, suffix and _.A. derivational affixB. inflectional affixC. infixD. back-formation6._ is a way in which new wo
32、rds may be formed from already existing words by subtracting an affix which is thought to be part of the old word.A. affixationB. back-formationC. insertionD. addition7.The word TB is formed in the way of _.A. acronymyB. clippingC. initialismD. blending8.The words like comsat and sitcom are formed b
33、y _.A. blendingB. clippingC. back-formationD. acronymy9.The stem of disagreements is _.A. agreementB. agreeC. disagreeD. disagreement10.All of them are meaningful except for _.A. lexemeB. phonemeC. morphemeD. allomorphII.Decide whether the following statements are true or false. (10%)11.Phonetically
34、, the stress of a compound always falls on the first element, while the second element receives secondary stress.12.Fore as in foretell is both a prefix and a bound morpheme.13.Base refers to the part of the word that remains when all inflectional affixes are removed.14.In most cases, prefixes chang
35、e the meaning of the base whereas suffixes change the word-class of the base.15.Conversion from noun to verb is the most productive process of a word.推荐精选16.Reduplicative compound is formed by repeating the same morpheme of a word.17.The words whimper, whisper and whistle are formed in the way of on
36、omatopoeia.18.In most cases, the number of syllables of a word corresponds to the number of morphemes.19.Back-formation is a productive way of word-formations.20.Inflection is a particular way of word-formations.III.Fill in the blanks. (20%)21.An _ is pronounced letter by letter, while an _ is prono
37、unced as a word.22.Lexicon, in most cases, is synonymous with _.23.Orthographically, compounds are written in three ways: _, _ and _.24.All words may be said to contain a root _.25.A small set of conjunctions, prepositions and pronouns belong to _ class, while the largest part of nouns, verbs, adjec
38、tives and adverbs belongs to _ class.26._ is a reverse process of derivation, and therefore is a process of shortening.27._ is extremely productive, because English had lost most of its inflectional endings by the end of Middle English period, which facilitated the use of words interchangeably as ve
39、rbs or nouns, verbs or adjectives, and vice versa.28.Words are divided into simple, compound and derived words on the _ level.29.A word formed by derivation is called a _, and a word formed by compounding is called a _.30.Bound morphemes are classified into two types: _ and _.IV.Explain the followin
40、g terms, using examples. (20%)31.Blending32.Allomorph33.Closed-class word34.Morphological ruleV.Answer the following questions. (20%)35.How many types of morphemes are there in the English language? What are they? （厦门大学，2003）36.What are the main features of the English compounds?VI.Analyze the follo
41、wing situation. (20%)推荐精选37.Match the terms under COLUMN I with the underlined forms from COLUMN II （武汉大学，2004）III(1)acronyma.foe(2)free morphemeb.subconscious(3)derivational morphemec.UNESCO(4)inflectional morphemed.overwhelmed(5)prefixe.calculation推荐精选Test Four: SyntaxI.Choose the best answer. (20
42、%)1.The sentence structure is _. A. only linearB. only hierarchicalC. complexD. both linear and hierarchical 2.The syntactic rules of any language are _ in number. A. largeB. smallC. finiteD. infinite 3.The _ rules are the rules that group words and phrases to form grammatical sentences.A. lexicalB.
43、 morphological C. linguisticD. combinational 4.A sentence is considered _ when it does not conform to the grammatical knowledge in the mind of native speakers. A. rightB. wrong C. grammaticalD. ungrammatical 5.A _ in the embedded clause refers to the introductory word that introduces the embed
44、ded clause. A. coordinatorB. particleC. prepositionD. subordinator 6.Phrase structure rules have _ properties. A. recursiveB. grammatical C. socialD. functional 7.Phrase structure rules allow us to better understand _. A. how words and phrases form sentences. B. what constitutes the grammaticality of strings of words C. how people produce and recognize possible sentences D. all of the above.