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1、精品资料欢迎下载一、定义：在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。定语定语用来限定、修饰名词或代词的，是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语（动词不定式短语、动名词短语和分词短语）或句子，汉语中常用的 表示。主要由形容词担任，此外，名词，代词，数词 ，分词，副词，不定式以及 介词短语 也可以来担任，也可以由一个句子来担任。单词作定语时通常放在它所修饰的词之前，作前置定语。短语和从句作定语时则放在所修饰的词之后，作后置定语。定语从句是指在一个句子中作定语的句子，定语从句要放在所修饰的词后。如： 1) The man who lives next to usis a policeman
2、.2) You must do everything that I do.上面两句中的man 和 everything 是定语从句所修饰的词，叫先行词，定语从句放在先行词的后面。引导定语从句的词有 关系代词 that, which, who(宾格 who, 所有格 whose)和关系副词 where, when、why关系词常有三个作用 ：1、引导定语从句2、代替先行词3、在定语从句中担当一个成分二、关系代词引导的定语从句1.who 指人，在从句中做主语(1)The boys who are playing footballare from Class One.精品资料欢迎下载(2)Yeste
3、rday I helped an old manwho lost his way.2. whom 指人，在定语从句中充当宾语，常可省略。(1) Mr. Liu is the person (whom) you talked about.注意：关系代词whom 在口语和非正式语体中常用who 代替，可省略。(3) The man who/whom you met just nowis my friend.3. which 指物，在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略(1) Football is a game which is liked by most boys.( which 在句子中做
4、主语 )(2) This is the pen (which) he bought yesterday.( which 在句子中做宾语 )4. that 指人时，相当于 who 或者 whom；指物时，相当于 which。在宾语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略。(5) The people that/who come to visit the cityare all here. (在句子中做主语 )(6) Where is the manthat/whom I saw this morning? (在句子中做宾语 )5. whose 通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语(1) He ha
5、s a friend whose father is a doctor.(2) I lived in a house whose roof has fallen in.精品资料欢迎下载whose 指物时，常用以下结构来代替(3)The classroom whose door is brokenwill soon be repaired.=The classroom the door of which is brokenwill soon be repaired.(5)Do you like the book whose color is yellow?=Do you like the boo
6、k the color of which is yellow?注： that 用法(1)不用 that 的情况(a) 在引导非限定性定语从句时。(错 )The tree, that is four hundred years old, Is very famous here.(b) 介词后不能用。We depend on the land from which we get our food.We depend on the land that/which we get our food from.(2) 只能用that作为定语从句的关系代词的情况(a) 在there be句型中，只用that
7、，不用which 。(b) 在不定代词，如：anything, nothing, the one, all等作先行词时，只用that，不用which。精品资料欢迎下载(c) 先行词有the only, the very,the same,the last,just修饰时，只用that。(d) 先行词为序数词、数词、形容词最高级时，只用that,不能用which。.(e) 先行词既有人，又有物时。(f) 先行词指物，在主句中作表语时(g) 为了避免重复(h) 先行词是 the way 或 the reason 时， that 可作关系副词，也可省略(i)主句的主语是疑问词who /which 时
8、举例：Is this the book that you borrowed in the library?这是你在图书馆借的那本书吗？Who that break the window should be punished谁打碎了窗户都要受到惩罚All that is needed is a supply of oil.所需的只是供油问题。Finally, the thief handed everything that he had stolen to the police.精品资料欢迎下载那贼最终把偷的全部东西交给了警察。三、关系副词引导定语从句关系副词关系副词：在句中作状语关系副词 =介
9、词 +关系代词why=for whichwhere=in/ at/ on/ . which (介词同先行词搭配 )when=during/ on/ in/ . which ( 介词同先行词搭配 )1. where 指地点，在定语从句中做地点状语用来表示地点的定语从句。(1) Shanghai is the city where I was born.(2) The house where I lived ten y ears ago has been pulled down.2. when 引导定语从句表示 时间 。在定语从句中做时间状语也可做连接词用(1) I still remember
10、the day when I first came to the school.(2) The time when we got together finally came.注表示时间 “time"一词的定语从句只用 when 引导，有时不用任何关系代词，当然也不用 By the time you arrived in London, we had stayed there for two weeks.that 引导。精品资料欢迎下载到你到达伦敦的时候，我们在那里已经待了两个星期。I still remember the first time I met her. 我仍然记得我第一次
11、见到她。Each time he goes to business trip, he brings a lot of living necessities, such as towels, soap, toothbrush。etc每一次他去出差，他带来了生活必需品，如毛巾，肥皂，牙刷等，很多。3. why 指原因 在定语从句中做原因状语(1) Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane.(2) I dont know the reason why he looks unhappy today.注意：关系副词引导的从句可以由“介词+关系代
12、词”引导的从句替换(1) The reason why/ for which he refused the invitation is not clear,(2) From the year when/in which he was going to school he began to know what he wanted when he grew up.注： 1）介词后面的关系代词不能省略。2）that 前不能有介词。3） 某些在从句中充当时间，地点或原因状语的"介词 +关系词 " 结构可以同关系副词when ,where和 why 互换。This is the ho
13、use in which I lived two years ago.精品资料欢迎下载This is the house where I lived two years ago.Do you remember the day on which you joined our club?Do you remember the day when you joined our club?This is the reason why he came late.This is the reason for which he came late.精品资料欢迎下载练习 (一)请分析一下定语从句：( 请划出定语
14、从句，并标出先行词)1. Check the ways you study for an English test.2. Another thing that I found very difficult was English grammar.3. You couldn tunderstand people who talked fast.4. I have some ideas that may help.5.They said something you didnt like.6. Can you think of any problems you have had recently?8
15、. He would always take pride in everything good I do.9. My friends and I talked about the rules that we have in school.10. What are some of the rules that a teenager should obey?12. If you know anyone else who collects them, please tell me.13. Standing very close to the person you are talking with i
16、s quite common in some countries.14. If you know someone you know doing this, you can ask them.15. All I ever wanted to do was traveling.精品资料欢迎下载二、用关系代词填空： that 、which 、who、 whom 、whose1. This is the man _ wants to see you.2. The student _ answered the question is Zhang Hua.3. The man _ you went to
17、see has come.4. The man _I met yesterday lent me some money.5. The woman _ you saw is our geography teacher.6. The runner _ you are asking about is over there.7. The person _ you should write to is Mr. Ball.8. The man _was passing by saw what happened.9. Here is the pen _ you lost the day before yes
18、terday.10. These books _ you lent me were very useful.11. The storybook _ I have just read cannot be easily forgotten.12. A clock is a machine _ tells people the time.13. This is shirt _I bought yesterday.精品资料欢迎下载14. A dictionary is a book _ gives the meaning to the word.15. The book _ is on the tab
19、le is mine.16. The film _ they are talking about is very interesting.17.I will never forget the people and the placesI have ever visited.18. Is there anyone _ family is in Beijing?19. Show me the boy _ mother is a well-known singer.20. The boy_ father is a teacher is good at English.三、单项选择() 1.Your
20、teacher of Chinese is a young lady_ comes from Beijing.A. whoB. whichC. whomD. whose() 2.What s the name of the program_.A. which are listeningB. you are listening toC. to that you are listeningD. that you are listening() 3.The students were all interested _ you told them yesterday.A. in whichB. in
21、that thisC. all thatD. in everything精品资料欢迎下载() 4. He was the only person in his office_ was invited.A. whomB. whoseC. thatD. which() 5. This is the museum_ we visited last year.A. whereB. in whichC. whichD. in that() 6.Charlie told his mother all_ had happened.A. thatB. whatC. whichD. who() 7.Do you
22、 know the student_?A. whom I often talkB. with who I often talkC. I often talk withD. that I often talk() 8.I like the house_ windows face south.A. whoseB. who sC. it'sD. its() 9.Would you tell me where to get the dictionary _?A. what I need B.I needC. which I need itD. that I need it()10. The y
23、oung woman_ I spoke just now is a young doctor.A. whoB. to whomC. whomD. that精品资料欢迎下载练习 (二)1.Don t talk about such things of _ you are not sure.A. whichB. whatC. asD. those5.The wolves hid themselves in the places _ couldn t be found.A. thatB. whereC. in whichD. in that6.The freezing point is the te
24、mperature _ water changes into ice.A. at whichB. on thatC. in whichD. of what7.This book will show you _ can be used in other contexts.A. how you have observedB. what you have observedC. that you have observedD. how that you have observed8.The reason is _ he is unable to operate the machine.A. becau
25、seB. whyC. thatD. whether9.I ll tell you _ he told me last week.A. all which B. that C. all thatD. which10. That tree, _ branches are almost bare, is very old.精品资料欢迎下载A. whoseB. of whichC. in whichD. on which11.I have bought the same dress _ she is wearing.A. asB. thatC. whichD. what12.He failed in
26、the examination, _ made his father very angry.A. whichB. itC. thatD. what13.We re talking about the piano and the pianist _ were in the concert we attended last night.A. whichB. whomC. whoD. that14.The girl _ an English song in the next room is Tom s sister.A. who is singingB. is singingC. sangD. wa
27、s singing15.Those _ not only from books but also through practice will succeed.A. learnB. whoC. that learnsD. who learn16.Anyone _ this opinion may speak out.A. that againstB. thatagainstC. who is against D. who are against17.Didn t you see the man _?A. I nodded just nowB. whom I nodded just now精品资料
28、欢迎下载C. I nodded to him just nowD. I nodded to just now18.Can you lend me the novel _ the other day?A. that you talkedB. you talked about itC. which you talked withD. you talked about19.Is there anything _ to you?A. that is belongedB. that belongsC. that belong D. which belongs20.- “Howdo you like th
29、e book?”- “It s quite different from _ I read last month.”A. thatB. whichC. the oneD. the one what21.Mr. Zhang gave the textbook to all the pupils except _ who had already taken them.A. the onesB. ones C. someD. the others22.The train _ she was travelling was late.A. whichB. whereC. on whichD. in th
30、at23.He has lost the key to the drawer _ the papers are kept.A. whereB. in whichC. under which D. which精品资料欢迎下载24.Antarctic _ we know very little is covered with thick ice all the year round.A. whichB. whereC. that D. about which25.It s the third time _ late this month.A. that you arrivedB. when you
31、 arrivedC. that you ve arrivedD. when you ve arrived26.It was in 1969 _ the American astronaut succeeded in landing on the moon.A. that B. whichC. whenD. in which27.May the fourth is the day _ we Chinese people will never forget.A. whichB. whenC. on which D. about which28.We are going to spend the S
32、pring Festival in Guangzhou, _ live my grandparents and some relatives.A. whichB. thatC. whoD. where29.The hotel _ during our holidays stands by the seaside.A. we stayed atB. where we stayed atC. we stayedD. in that we stayed30.Is it in that factory _“ Red Flag ” cars are produced?AB.where.inwhichC. whichD. that精品资料欢迎下载三选择1-5 ADACC 6-10 ACABB 参考答案 15 AADBA 6 10 ABCCA 1115 AADAD 16 20 CDDBC 2125 ACBDC 2630 AADAD