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1、文档来源为：从网络收集整理.word版本可编辑.欢迎下载支持2014年6月英语四级仔细阅读 真题(第一套)及答案Passage OneQuesti ons 56 to 60 are based on the follow ing passage.When you ng wome n were found to make only 82 perce nt of what their male peers do just one year out of college, many were at a loss to expla in it.All the traditi onal reas ons
2、 put forward to in terpret the pay gap-that wome n fall beh ind whe n they leave the workforce to raise kids, for example, or that they don't seek as many management roles-failed to justify this one. These you ng wome n did n't have kids yet. And because they were just one year removed from
3、their un dergraduate degrees, few of these wome n yet had the cha nee to go after (much less decli ne) leadership roles.But there are other reas ons why the pay gap rema ins so persiste nt. The first is that no matter how many wome n may be getti ng college degrees, the uni versity experie nee is st
4、ill an un equal one. The sec ond is that our higher educati on system is not desig ned to focus on the econo mic con seque nces of our stude nts' years on campus.Now that wome n are the majority of college stude nts and surpass men in both the n umber of un dergraduate and adva need degrees awar
5、ded, one might think the college campus is a pretty equal place. It is not. Studies show that while girls do better than boys in high school, they start to trail off during their college years. They enroll in different kinds of classes, tend to major in less rigorous (非常严格的) subjects, and gen erally
6、 head off with less ambitious pla ns.As a result, it's not surpris ing that eve n the best educated you ng wome n en ter the workplace with a slight disadva ntage. Their college experie nee leaves them somewhat con fused, still stumbli ng 栽 倒) over the dilemmas their gra ndmothers' gen erati
7、 on sought to destroy. Are they supposed to be pretty or smart? Strong or sexy (性感的)All their lives, today's you ng women have been pushed to embrace both perfecti on and passi on-to pursue scie nee and sports, math and theater-a nd do it all as well as they possibly can. No won der they are not
8、 n egotiat ing for higher salaries as soon as they get out of school. They are too exhausted, and too scared of faili ng.56. Traditi on ally, it is believed that wome n ear n less tha n men because.A) they have failed to take as many rigorous coursesB) they do not feel as fit for man ageme nt rolesC
9、) they feel obliged to take care of their kids at homeD) they do not exhibit the n eeded leadership qualities57. What does the author say about America's higher educati on system?A) It does not offer specific career counseling to women.B) It does not consider its economic impact on graduates.C)
10、It does not take care of wome n stude nts' special n eeds.D) It does not en courage wome n to take rigorous subjects.58. What does the author say about today's college experie nee?A) It is differe nt for male and female stude nts.B) It is not the same as that of earlier generations.C) It is
11、more exhausting than most women expect.D) It is not so satisfying to many American students.59. What does the author say about wome n stude nts in college?A) They have no idea how to bri ng out their best.B) They drop a course when they find it too rigorous.C) They are not as practical as men in cho
12、os ing courses.D) They don't perform as well as they did in high school.60. How does the author explain the pay gap between men and women fresh from college?A) Wome n are too worn out to be ambitious.B) Wome n are not ready to take man ageme nt roles.C) Wome n are caught betwee n career and fami
13、ly.D) Wome n are not good at n egotiati ng salaries.Passage TwoQuesti ons 61 to 65 are based on the follow ing passage.Headi ng leadership literature, you'd sometimes thi nk that every one has the pote ntial to be an effective leader.I don't believe that to be true. In fact, I see way fewer
14、truly effective leaders tha n I see people stuck in positi ons of leadership who are sadly in compete nt and seriously misguided about their own abilities. Part of the reas on this happe ns is a lack of hon est self-assessme nt by those who aspire t追求) leadership in the first place.We've all met
15、 the type of in dividual who simply must take charge. Whether it's a decisi on-mak ing sessi on, a basketball game, or a family outi ng, they can't help grabb ing the lead dog positi on and cli nging on to it for dear life. They believe they're natural born leaders.Truth is, they're
16、nothing of the sort. True leaders don't assume that it's their divine 神圣的)right, to take charge every time two or more people get together. Quite the opposite. A great leader will assess each situation on its merits, and will only take charge when their position, the situation, and/or the ne
17、eds of the moment de ma nd it.Many bus in ess executives con fuse leadership with acti on. They believe that con sta nt moti on somehow gen erates leadership as a byproduct. Faced with any situati on that can't be solved by the sheer force of activity, they gen erate a dust cloud of impatie nee.
18、 Their one leadership tool is volume: if they think you are n't work ing as hard as they thi nk you should, their dema nds become in creas in gly louder and harsher.True leaders understand the value of action, of course, but it isn't their only tool. In fact, it isn't even their primary
19、tool. Great leaders see more tha n every one else: an swers, soluti ons, patter ns, problems, opportu nities. They know it's vitally importa nt to do, but they also know that thinking, un dersta nding, reflection and interpretation are equally important.If you're too concerned with outcomes
20、to the extent that you manipulate and intimidate others to achieve those outcomes, the n you aren't lead ing at all, you're dictati ng. A true leader is some one who develops his or her team so that they can and do hit their targets and achieve their goals.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。61. What does the
21、 author think of the leaders he kno ws?A) Many of them are used to tak ing charge.B) Few of them are equal to their positi ons.C) Many of them fail to fully develop their potential.D) Few of them are familiar with leadership literature.62. Why are some people eager to grab leadership positi ons?A) T
22、hey believe they have the n atural gift to lead.B) They believe in what leadership literature says.C) They have proved compete nt in many situati ons.D) They derive great satisfacti on from being leaders.63. What characterizes a great leader accord ing to the author?A) Being able to take prompt acti
23、 on whe n cha nces prese nt themselves.B) Having a whole-hearted dedication to their divine responsibilities.C) Having a full un dersta nding of their own merits and weak nesses.D) Being able to assess the situation carefully before taking charge.64. How will many bus in ess executives resp ond whe
24、n their comma nd fails to gen erate acti on?A) They reassess the situati on at hand.B) They become impatie nt and rude.C) They resort to any tool available.D) They blame their team members.65. What is the author's advice to leaders?A) Concentrate on one specific task at a time.B) Use differe nt
25、tools to achieve differe nt, goals.C) Build up a stro ng team to achieve their goals.D) Show determ in ati on whe n faced with tough tasks.第三套Passage OneQuestions 56 to 60 are basedon the following passageHospitals, hop ing to curb medical error, have in vested heavily to put computers, smartph ones
26、 and other devices into the hands of medical staff for in sta nt access to patie nt data, drug in formati on and case studies.But like many cures, this solutio n has come with an uninten ded side effect; doctors and nu rses can be focused on the screen and not the patient, even during moments of cri
27、tical care. A poll showed that half of medical tech nicians had admitted text ing duri ng a procedure.This phe nomenon has set off an inten sify ing discussi on at hospitals and medical schools about a problem perhaps best described as " distracted doctori ng. " In resp on se, some hospita
28、ls have begun limiting the use of electronic devices in critical settings, while schools have started reminding medical stude nts to focus on patie nts in stead of devices."You justify carry ing devices around the hospital to do medical records, but you can surf the Internet or do Facebook, and
29、 sometimes Facebook is more tempting," said Dr. Peter Papadakos at the Uni versity of Rochester Medical Cen ter."My gut feeli ng ( 本能的感觉 )is lives are in dan ger," said Dr. Papadakos. "We're not educat ing people about the problem, and it's gett ing worse. " |A surve
30、y of 439 medical tech nicians found that 55 perce nt of tech nicia ns who mon itor bypass mach ines ack no wledged that they had talked on cellph ones duri ng heart surgery. Half said they had texted while in surgery. The study con cluded, " Such distracti ons have the pote ntial to be disastro
31、us."Medical professi on als have always faced in terrupti ons from cellph on es, and multitask ing is simply a fact of life for many medical jobs. What has cha nged, say doctors, especially youn ger on es, is that they face in creas ing pressure to in teract with their devices.The pressure stem
32、s from a man tra(信条)of modem medici ne that patie nt care must be " data drive n," and in formed by the latest, i nsta ntly accessible in formatio n. By many acco un ts, the tech no logy has helped reduce medical error by providi ng in sta nt access to patie nt data or prescription details
33、.Dr. Peter Carmel, preside nt of the America n Medical Associati on, said tech no logy "offers great potential in health care," but he added that doctors' first priority should be with the patient.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。56. Why do hospitals equip their staff with computers, smartphones and
34、other devices?A) To reduce medical error.B) To cope with emerge ncies.C) To facilitate adm ini strati on.D) To simplify medical procedures.57. What does the author refer to by " distracted doctori ng" ?A) The disservice done by modem devices to doctors, nu rses, as well as patie nts.B) The
35、 tendency of medical in stituti ons en courag ing the use of modem devices.C) The problem of devices preve nti ng doctors from focus ing on their patie nts.D) The phe nomenon of medical staff atte nding to pers onal affairs while worki ng.58. What does Dr. Peter Papadakos worry about?A) Medical stud
36、e nts are not adequately trained to use modem tech no logy.B) Doctors' in teract ion with their devices may endan ger patie nts' lives.C) octors are relying too heavily on modem electr onic tech no logy.D) Pressures on the medical professi on may become overwhel ming.59. Why do doctors feel
37、in creas ing pressure to use modem devices?A) Patie nts trust doctors who use modem tech no logy.B) Use of modem devices adds to hospitals' revenu es.C) Data is give n too much importa nee in patie nt care.D) Patients' data has to be revised from time to time.60. What is Peter Carmel's a
38、dvice to doctors?A) They follow closely the adva nces in medical scie nee.B) They focus their atte nti on on the patie nt's con diti on.C) They observe hospital rules and regulati ons.D) They make the best use of modem devices.PassageTwoQuestions 61 to 65 are basedon the following passageI have
39、closely watched my gen erati on, known as The Mille nni als, for 29 years now. Joel Stein wrote an exte nsive piece on Mille nn ials and he remai ns rather optimistic about our pote ntial.I hesitate to share his optimism because of a paradox (矛盾的现象 )we seem to exhibit, n amely, that there are more a
40、venues for us to en terta in ourselves tha n ever before, yet we are more bored tha n ever before.En tertai nment has n ever bee n more varied. We have more cable cha nn els, televisi on shows, and movies tha n ever before .Internet providers allow in sta nt view ing of almost any movie or televisi
41、on program ever created. Social drinking and partying are also widely available for Mille nn ials. Every gen eratio n develops these habits at a certa in age, but Mille nni als seem to be exte nding this phase of life as they postp one marriage.Some of this is undoubtedly due to The Great Recession.
42、 Millennials are having a difficult time finding jobs; only 47 percent of 16-to-24-year-olds are employed, the smallest share since_| gover nment started record ing data in 1948.But do Millennials respond to these economic troubles by doing whatever it takes to make ends meet? Hardly. In fact, of th
43、e four generations Pew Research has data for, the Millennial generation does not cite work ethic (勤奋工作 )as distinctive of itself. Millennials want to save the world, but they sit and wait for that world-cha nging opport unity to be han ded to them .In stead of work ing 2 -3 jobs, la unching a bus in
44、 ess, or doing what it takes to succeed, they retreat.Mille nni als may be the first gen eratio n to have a lower sta ndard of livi ng tha n their pare nts, butwith this response to adversity (逆境),perhaps deservingly so.Much ink has bee n spilled in man ageme nt books discuss ing how to get the most
45、 out of theseyouths in the workplace. Largely, they come to the same conclusion; Millennials are entitled, over-c on fide nt, and expect too much too quickly. We should not be surprised. Today's young adults were raised by parents who made sure to boost their self-esteem at every turn, telling t
46、hem they could achieve whatever they set their minds to, and handing out prizes for the sixth place.61. What does the author of the passage think of Millennials?A) They show little in terest i n en terta inment.B) They are not con fide nt about their ability.C) They enjoy an easy life due to high te
47、ch no logy.D) They may not have bright prospects for success.62. How do Mille nni als feel about their life?A) They can hardly do anything about it.C) It is not as good as their pare nts'.B) There is little in it to get excited about.D) It is full of opport un ities for success.63. In what way a
48、re Mille nn ials differe nt from previous gen erati ons accord ing to Pew Research?A) They spe nd less time socializ ing. C) They do not value hard work.B) They are in differe nt to others. D) They are more in depe ndent.64. What should Mille nn ials do accordi ng to the author?A) Rema in optimistic
49、 in face of adversity. C) Make full use of new opport un ities.B) Start a bus in ess as early as possible. D) Take acti on to cha nge their situati on.65. Why are Mille nn ials over-c on fide nt about themselves?A) They have bee n spoiled by their pare nts. C) They are misguided by man ageme nt books.B) They can always get whatever they expect. D) They think they are young and en ergetic.第二套Passage OneQuestio ns 56 to 60 are based on the follow ing passage.The questi on of whether our gover nment should promote scie nee and tech no logy or