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1、动词不定式的用法导学案I. 时态语态:主动形式被动形式一般式to doto be done完成式to have doneto have bee n done进行式to be doing/完成进行式to have bee n doing/否定形式not to donot to be done疑问词+不定 式wh to dowh to be done复合结构sb.to do/for sb.to do/n、不定式的时态意义不定式的时态是以句中谓语动词的时间为依据的（i）一般式表示的动作或状态 。They made plans to live in Paris. 他们计划住在巴黎。（to live 发
2、生在 made plans之后）（2） 进行式表示其动作正在进行， 。He pretended to be listening to me carefully.他假装认真地听我讲。（3）不定式的完成时表达下列意义：A. 不定式的完成式所表示的动作或状态 。I am sorry to have kept you wait ing.对不起，让你久等了。（to have kept发生在 所表示的时间之前）She is said to have just completed a novel. 据说她刚完成一部小说。（to have just completed a novel发生在 所表示的时间之前）
3、B. 用在 intended, expected, meant, hoped, promised, planned, wished, thought, desired, was, were 等词后，不定式的完成式表示未曾实现的愿望、期待、想法、打算或计划等。to have +过去分词表示动作， to have bee n表示状态。I meant to have done the work before Sun day. （没完成）I was to have been a doctor. （没当成）I intended to have come to see vou .（但没来）C. 用在 se
4、em, appear, thing, consider, believe等后，表示一个动作先于另一个动作发生。I seem to have seen her somewhere before.以前我好像在那见过她。（ see在 seem之前发生）He was believed to have been a reporter.都认为他从前干过记者。（4） 不定式的完成进行式表示动作在 。He was happy to have been staying with his uncle.He looked too young to have been publishing books for six
5、 years.川不定式的语法功能：动词不定式是一种非谓语动词，不能充当谓语，但仍具有动词的特性，可以有时态、 语态的变化，也可以在句中可充当等Examples:It is good to help others.It is my ambitio n to make sure that the disabled people have access to all public buildings. My ambiti on is to work in the computer in dustry whe n I grow up.I don ' t have tirtoesit aroun
6、d feeling sorry for myself.I am the only stude nt in my class to have a pet snake.A big compa ny has decided to buy it from me.I have had to work hard to live a no rmal life.Some days I am too tired to get out of bed.We must call on local government to give financial assistanee to disabled people.1.
7、 作主语动词不定式作主语既可位于句首，也可以用 做形式主语。例如：To lear n a skill is very importa nt for every one in society.翻译：It_is n ecessary for young stude nts to lear n a foreig n Ian guage.翻译：注意：“It is +形容词+ X +代词(名词)+不定式”句型用of还是用for(1) 如果句中的形容词表示人物特征或品质， 常同of搭配eg： brave, careful, careless,con siderate, cruel, rude, gen e
8、rous, right wr ong, kind , ni ce, good, polite , clever, wise, foolish, silly等。这是一个带有感情色彩的不定式结构，表示褒义时，具有 对不胜感激”的意思；表示贬义时，含有 真是太，真是透了”的意思。It is kind of you to help me.你帮助我真是太好了。It was foolish of us to do so我们这样做真是太傻了。(2) 表示事物性质的形容词 eg: easy, difficult, hard, important, impossible, possible, safe, dan
9、gerous, necessar常同 for 搭酉己It ' s difficifor me to work out the problem.我要算出这道题目太难了。It ' s very important for students to learn English well.对于学生们来说，学好英语是很重要2作表语动词不定式作表语常用于以下结构：My wish/ job/ aim/ goal is 及The next step/measure is 等。例如：Your job is to type the papers in the office.翻译：The n ext
10、measure is to stop the river from being polluted.To see is to believe.翻译】3. 作宾语常见的只能使用动词不定式作宾语的动词有：arrange , agree, afford, choose, decide,dema nd, expect, fail, hope, intend, man age, offer, pla n, prete nd, promise, refuse, wish 等。eg：They decidedbetwee n these two cities.他们决定在两座城市之间建一条高速路。I expect
11、tomorrow我期待明天见至M尔。注意：1) believe, think, consider, feel, make等动词可用于 动词 + it +adj. / n+ to do sth.句型，其中使用it作形式宾语，而将真正的宾语动词不定式置于句末。eg：I think it necessary for us to have a good rest after the long work.翻译：2) 有些动词既可以用动词不定式做宾语，也可以用动名词做宾语，二者意义没太大区别，这类词有：con ti nue begi n hate like love prefer start:They c
12、on ti nue smok ing.They con ti nue to smoke.I like swimmi ng.I like to swim.3) 有些动词既可以跟动名词做宾语，也可以接动词不定式，但不定式前面需要加人 物做宾语，这时动词不定式就成了宾语补足语Gerund （动名词）：verb + -ingInfinitive （动词不定式）:verb + person + to-infinitiveadvise allow en courage permitThey advise walk ing to tow n.They advise us to walk to tow n.T
13、hey do not allow smok ing here.They do not allow us to smoke here.They en courage doing the test.They en courage us to do the test.They do not permit smok ing here.They do not permit us to smoke here.4）有些动词既可以用动词不定式做宾语，也可以用动名词做宾语，但二者意义不同。这类词有：forget go on mea n remember stop try4. 作宾补，用在这些动词后： warn,
14、 tell, allow, help, ask, force 等 +sb to do sthThe teacher asked Mothe ito take him home.翻译：She found him to be a very good pupil.翻译：注意：1）feel, think, understand, suppose, know, imagine, find, believe, consider 后的宾 语补足语常是to be的形式She found him to be a very good pupil.翻译：She believes him to be） hon est
15、翻译：2） 一些感官动词也可以接动词不定式做宾语补足语，但动词不定式符号to省去。感官动词：feel,（一感觉）hear, listen to,（二听）let, make, have （三使）watch, see, lookat, no tice, observe（五看）eg: They saw the boyfall sudde nly from the tree.Mother made Johnwash the car for a week.但当以上的动词用于被动式，to要还原：The boy was seento fall sudde nly from the tree.Joh n wa
16、s madeto wash the car for a week.5. 作定语动词不定式作定语，应位于所修饰词语之 ，即：做。eg：Have you got anything to eat? （to ea修饰 位于其后）1）下列名词后常接动词不定式作定语：ability, attempt, cha nee, courage, decisi on, effort,failure, promise, way, wish 等。例如：2）由only, first, last, next以及序数词或形容词最高级修饰的名词后，也常接不定式作定 语。例如：Who was the last one to le
17、ave the classroom last night?【翻译】他总是第一个来，最后一个走。6. 作状语动词不定式作状语，可表示 目的、原因、结果或条件。例如:We went there to see our grandparent 表 ）I am very sorry to hear that.（表She hurried home only to find her father dead.(表 )作目的状语，还可以使用in order to或so as tQ(区别 in order to 和 so as to)1) 不定式用在介词but, except, besides后时,如果这些介词前
18、有行为动词 do的各种形 式，那么介词后的不定式不带to,相反则带to。1. She coulddo no thi ng but cry.2. I have no choice but to go.3. What do you like to do besides sleep2) 动词不定式和疑问词连用(1)关系词+动词不定式动词不定式可以和疑问代词：who, what, which及疑问副词：when, where, how, why等连用，构成不定式短语，在句中作主语、宾语、表语等成份。eg：Who to do the work has not been decided yet.做语He
19、showed mehow to use a computer. 做语(2)“ with + whom/which不定式”结构“ with + whom/which +不定式”结构是一种简洁的表达方式，指人时用 whom，指物时用which，这种结构中的with有时可以是by, through, on, from等。这种结构通常用作后置定语。She had on ly 15 dollarswith which to buy her husba nd a gift.She is a nice womarwith whom to work .她是一个很好的工作同伴。He ope ned the n
20、orth win dowfrom which (where) to enjoy the dista nt hill. 他课后作业：I细节小试A.请将以下肯定句变为否定句1. He decided to go home 2. I told him to do that agai n. B.单项选择1. The boy wan ted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him. A. notto B. not to do C. not do it D. do not to2. The teacher asked usso
21、much no ise.A. don't make B. not make C. not making D. not to make 川语法填空While En glish is gett ing more and more importa nt in your schools, Chin ese has become popular among foreig n kid. But Chin ese can be more difficult1(lear n).Many foreign kids thinks that Chinese characters have too many
22、strokes, but they still want to lear n it. Some South Korea n stude nts beg in to lear n2(write) the Ian guage ontheir first day at school.3(help) stude nts lear n Chin ese, South Korea n holds popularspeak ing competiti ons for high school stude nts every year.The Chin ese Min istry of Educati on4(
23、say) in the in terview yesterday that lastyear n early 33 milli on people from 85 coun tries5(lear n) Chin ese. Some eve n try6(write) and draw in a Chin ese way.China 7 (develop) so fast that foreig n coun tries intend 8 (un dersta nd)Chi na better to help them with bus in ess. The Chin ese gover n
24、ment is also helpi ng the world lear n Chin ese. It9(send) more tha n 200 Chin ese teachers to more tha n 60coun tries in the world. Nowadays, more and more colleges10(set) up in foreig ncoun tries.IV翻译 Tran slate the followi ng senten ces.A. 1、The boy worked so hard in order to make up for the lost time.翻译：2、She felt it her duty to help the old woman.翻译：3、But she gave up the chanee to go abroad.翻译：B.1. 学好一门外语对我们将来的工作很重要。(learn)2. 务必记住在交朋友时彼此理解尤为重要。(make frie nd)3. 近来李老师很忙，他要在 20日之前写完他的报告。(finish writing)4. 李华比以前都用功，因为他想赶上他的同学。(catch up with )5. 禁止随地扔垃圾，吐痰和抽烟。(allow)