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1、虚拟语气与习题11. 动词wish后宾语从句中的虚拟语气1) 用wish表示现在的祝愿和抱歉。其句子结构为：宾语从句的谓语 be用were(was),实义动词用过去式。例：l wish they were at home this time.2) 用wish表示对过去事情的遗憾。其句子结构为：宾语从句的谓语用过去完成时，或could+现在完成时。例:l wish I hadn' t hurt him so much。3) 用wish表示对将来事情的愿望。其句子结构为宾语从句的结构，谓语为would/could/might+动词原形。例:Iwish I might be able to
2、come tomorrow。2. 用在一般虚拟条件句中的虚拟语气1)表示与现在、过去、将来事实相反的假设 与现在事实相反的假设。其句子结构为：从句:if+主语+动词的过去式(be变were)+其他主句:主语+would(should, could, might)+动词原形+其他例:If I were you, I would go with him. 与过去事实相反的假设。其句子结构为：从句:If+主语+过去完成时+其他主句:主语+should(would, could, might)+现在完成时+其他。例:If you had studied harder last term, you co
3、uld have passed the exam. 表示对将来事实实现的可能性不大的假设。其句子结构为：从句:If+主语+should (were to )+动词原形+其他主句:主语 +would (could, should, might)+动词原形例:If he were to go tomorrow, he might tell you.2. )从句和主句要根据各自发所生的时间选用符合具体时间的虚拟语气形式 从句表示过去，主句表示现在。If they had started the early morni ng yesterday, they would be here now. 从句表
4、示将来，主句表示过去。If I were not to make a preparati on for my experime nt this after noon, I would have gone to see the film with you last night。 从句表示过去，主句表示将来。If we had n' t made adequate preparati ons, we should n' t dare to do the experime nt next week 从句表示将来，主句表示现在。If we should n ' t have a
5、n exam this after noon, I would go shopp ing now.3. 可以引起与事实相反的方式状语从句，用虚拟语气;由 as if、as though引起的与事实相反的句子，不论主句的 谓语是现在时或者说过去时，其谓语表示的时间概念和句子结构，都基本上与wish后的宾语从句相同。例：Joh n prete nds as if he did n' t know the thi ng at all, but in fact he knows it very well.用过去式表示与现在事实相 反的假设)The old man looked at the p
6、icture, he felt as though he had gone back to time 20 years ag用过去完成式表示与过去相反的事实)They talked and talked as if they would never meet again (would动词原形，表示与将来事实相反)4. 在表示建议、命令、要求、忠告等动词的后面其宾语从句的谓语用“ should动词原形”表示虚拟语气常用的此类动词有：表示 要求”的:ask, desire, request, dema nd, require, beg表示 提议、劝告、建议 ”的:move, propose, su
7、ggest, recommend, advise, vote表示 决定、命令”的:decide, order表示主张”的:ma in tai n, urge表示 同意、坚持 ”的:consent, insist例:The doctor suggested that he (should) try to lose his weight.He in sisted that we (should) tell him the n ews.上述动词的名词形式 ,demand, desire, requirement, advice, order, decision, recommendation, su
8、ggestion 及 necessity, preferenee, plan, motion, ide等名词,其后的表语从句或同位语从句，也用“should动词原形”表示虚拟语 气。现代英语，特别是美国英语,常省去“ should例:，The advice is that we (should) leave at on ce.The idea that we (should)visit Great Wall was warmly welcomed.5. 在“It is (was)形容词(或过去分词)+that 结构中，主语从句的谓语也用“should+原形动词 表虚拟语气美国英语中省去shou
9、ld,常用的形容词和过去分词有：表示 要求”的:required, demanded, requested, desired表示建议”的:suggested, recommended,表示 迫切、紧近、重要 ”的:imperative, urge nt, n ecessary, esse ntial, importa nt, vital表示 适当、较好”的:appropriate, advisable, better, preferable表示 可能”的:probable, possible表示 命令”的:ordered例:It was n ecessary that we (should)
10、make everythi ng ready ahead of time.It is required that no body (should)smoke here虚拟语气与习题26.由下列名词或短语引导，或含有某些词的从句中应用的虚拟语气1) “ les以免、惟恐”引导的从句用“ should动词原形”He took a map with him lest he (should ) lose his wag there.2) “whether管、无论”引导的让步状语从句，有时用动词原形。All thi ngs, whether you know or don' t know, ex
11、ist in the world.3) 用“would rather/had rather' would just as soo表示 宁愿、但愿”后面的宾语从句谓语用过去式或动词原形 表示对将来的要求，用过去时表示对现在的愿望，用过去完成时表示对过去做的事的懊悔。Don' t live in the world, I would rather( I would just as soon) you die.I would rather you go tomorrow.I would rather everyth ing had n' t happe ned in the
12、past.4) 用“had hope(表示原来希望做到而实际上未能实现的事情，其宾语从句的谓语用“would动词原形”I had hoped that she would go to the U.S. and study there, but she said she liked to stay in China.5) 在“It is(high/about)time+that引导的定语从句中，定语从句的主谓语用一般过去时，偶尔也可以用would(或 should)+动词原形，或 had rather (would rather)+动词原形。It is high (about)time that
13、 we left/should leave/ had better leave/had rather leave/ were leaving注意与 “ This is the fi rst/seco ndtim后从句中用现在完成时的区别。6) 用“without/but for/in the absenee of表示 要不是”如果没有”相当于if it were not for表示条件时，句中一般用虚拟语气。(也可用陈述语气)Without your help, I could n' t finish my work on time.In the abse nee of water a
14、nd air, nothing could live7) 由 “providing (that)/ provided (that)/on eondition that/ in order thal引导的条件从句或目的从句，根据情况，可 用虚拟语气。(有时也可用陈述语气)They are willi ng surre nder provided they are give n free passage.8) 在if引导的虚拟条件句中 若有were, had, should,在书面语中可省去if ,将were等提到主语前，形成倒装。Should there be a good film tomor
15、row. I would go to the theatre with you.Were it not for your help. I would n' t be succeed.例 1:Christie stared an grily at her boss and tur ned away, as though out of the office.A. went B. gone C. to go D. would go答案C. to go注释as though或as if引导的状语从句中，从句主语和主句主语相同时，从句中可省略主语和部分谓语，女口 :1) She paused,
16、as if to let the painful memories pass省略 she wan ted)2) From time to time Jas on tur ned round as though searchi ng for some on e.省略 he were)3) The boy started, as if awake ned from some dream省略 he were)由此 可见，本题中省略she wanted 译文克里斯蒂愤怒地盯了老板一眼并转过身去，似乎想走出办公室。例 2: rd rather you by train, because I can
17、9;t bear the idea of your being in an airplane in such bad weather.A. would go B. should go C. went D. had gone答案C. went注释主语+would rather后接宾语从句，从句中谓语须用虚拟语气：用一般过去时表示希望现在 或将来实现的行为或状态，用过去完成时表示希望过去实现的行为或状态。本题中原因状语从句用一般现在时，暗示希望现在或将来发生的行为动作，故选C. wento译文我宁愿你乘火车去，因为我无法想象在如此恶劣的天气你呆在飞机里。例 3: For the timely in
18、vestment from the general public, our company would not be so thriving as it is.A. Had it not bee n B. Were it not C. Be it n ot D. Should it not be答案A. Had it n ot bee n虚拟语气与习题3注释本题测试交错时间的虚拟语气。 从句是表示过去时间的虚拟条件,if省略，主语it与助动词had倒装。虚 拟条件句也可写成这样：lf it had nor been for the timely investment from the gene
19、ral public。这是重点句型，在各类测 试中常考。译文要不是老百姓的及时投资，我们的公司不会像现在这样兴旺。例 4: The millions of calculations invoIved, had they been done by hand, all practical value by the time they were fini shed.A. could lose B. would have lost C. might lose D. ought to have lost答案B. would have lost注释从句是省略if的虚拟条件句，谓语部分倒装，故主句谓语为wo
20、uld have+过去分词。译文所涉及到的数百万次计算，如果用手工操作，到它们完成时已失去全部实用价值。例 5: A safety an alysis the target as a pote ntial dan ger. Un fort un ately, it was n ever done.A. would ide ntify B. will ide ntifyC. would have ide ntified D. will have ide ntified答案C. would have ide ntified注释过去时间的虚拟语气表示过去要做而没有做的事。译文一次安全隐患分析本来会确
21、认这个目标是潜在的危险。不幸的是，这样的分析从未做过。例 6: In the past men gen erally preferred that their wives in the home.A. worked B. would work C. work D. were work ing答案C. work注释因为prefer佇愿)是欲望动词，其后所接的宾语从句中谓语需用(should)+动词原形。译文过去男子一般都愿意他们的妻子在家里工作。例 7: When Edis on died, it was proposed that the America n people all power
22、in their homes, streets, and factories for several minu tes in honor of this great man.A. turn off B. turned off C. would turn off D. had turned off答案A. turn off 注释propose是欲望动词，后接的宾语从句或主语从句中谓语要用虚拟语气：should+动词原形或直接用动词原形。译文爱迪生去世时，有人建议，为纪念这位伟人美国人民应关掉家中、街上和工厂里的全部电源几分钟。例 8: I apologize if I you, but I as
23、sure you it was uninten ti on al.A. offend B. had offen ded C. should have offen ded D. might have offen ded答案B. had offended注释本题测试交错时间的虚拟条件句。was暗示，事情发生在过去，所以虚拟条件句中的谓语动词应该用表示过去时间的虚拟形式。译文假如我曾经冒犯过你，我现在向你道歉，但我向你保证，这不是故意的。例 9: The board deemed it urge nt that these files right away.A. had to be prin ted
24、 B. should have bee n prin tedC. must be prin ted D. should be pr in ted答案D. should be prin ted注释因为urge nt是欲望形容词，在句中作形式宾语it的补足语,所以宾语从句中的谓语需用虚拟语气:(should)+动词原形(主动态或被动态)。译文董事会认为，迫在眉睫的是马上把这些档案印出来。例 10: There is a real possibility that these ani mals could be frighte ned, a sudde n loud no iseA. being t
25、here B.should there be C. there was D. there hav ing bee n答案B. should there be注释should there be表示虚拟条件句中将来时间的谓语形式，if省略所以should与there倒装。译文要是有一声巨响，这些动物会受到惊吓，这是有现实可能性的。虚拟语气强化训练1. Were it not for the snowy weather, weall right.A. would be B. would have bee n C. were D. may be2. more careful, his ship wou
26、ld not have sunk.A. If the capta in were B. Had the capta in bee n C. Should the capta in beD. If the capta in would have bee n3. If heme tomorrow, I would let him know.A. should call B. should not have bee n able C. were not able D. are not able4. If you asked your father, youpermissi on.A. may get
27、 B. might get C. should have called D. maybe get5. today, he would get there by Friday.A. Would he leave B. Was he leav ing C. Were he to leave D. If he leaves6. I you, I would go with him to the party. A. Was B. Had bee n C. Will be D. Were7. Had Paul received six more votes in the last electi on,
28、heour chairma n now.A. must have bee n B. would have bee n C. were D. would be8. the En glish exam in ati on I would have gone to the concert last Sun dayA. In spite of B. But for C. Because of D. As for9. Look at the terrible situatio n I am in! If only Iyour adviceA. follow B. would follow C. had
29、followed D. have followed10. If the horse won today, itthirty races in five years.A. would have won B. won C. must have won D. did have won11. There is a real possibility that these ani mals could be frighte ned,a sudde n loud no ise.A. being there B. should there be C. there was D. there hav ing be
30、e n12. If you hadn ' t taken such a long time to get dressed, we' dthere by now.A. be B. circles C. is circli ng D. be circli ng13. I wish Iwith her. A. would be B. am C. was D. were14. The picture exhibiti on bored me to death. I wish Ito it.A. had not gone B. have not gone C. did not go D.
31、 can not have gone15. George would certai nly have atte nded the meeti ng,.A. if he didn' t get a flatBtire the flat tire hadn' t happenedC. had he not had a flat tire D. had the tire not flatte ned itself16. The teacher suggested that her stude ntsexperie nces with ESP.A. write a compositi
32、on on their B. to write compositi on about theC. wrote some compositi ons of his or her D. had writte n any compositi ons for his17. He speaks Chin ese as flue ntly as if hea Chin ese.A. were B. had bee n C. is D. has bee n18. Look ing round the tow n, he felt as though heaway for ages.A. has bee n
33、B. was C. is D. had bee n19. Most in sura nee age nts would rather youanything about collect ing claims un til they inv estigate thesituation. A. do B. don 't. didn ' D.didn ' t do20. It is importa nt that the TOEFL officeyour registratio n.A. will con firm B. con firm C. con firms D. mu
34、st con firm21. Without electr onic computers, much of today' s adva need tech no logy.A. will not have bee n achieved B. have not bee n achievedC. would not have bee n achieved D. had not bee n achieved22. He speaks Chin ese as flue ntly as if hea Chin ese.A. were B. had bee n C. is D. has bee n
35、23. It is time that the gover nmentmeasures to protect the rare birds and ani mals.A. takes B. took C. has take n D. tak ing24. Some people are too particular about school records, in sist ing that every applica ntall diplomas fromeleme ntary school to uni versity.A. has B. will have C. should have
36、D. must have25. He was very busy yesterday, otherwise heto the meeti ng.A. would come B. came C. would have come D. had come26. If I had see n the movie, Iyou all about it now.A. would tell B. will tell C. have told D. would have told27. I had hoped that Joh na year in Africa, but he stayed there on
37、ly for three mon ths.A. spe nds B. spe nt C. would spe nd D. will spe nd28. It ' s high ttheythis road. A. mend B. mended C. must have mended D. will mend29. It ' s about time peoplenotice of what women did during the war.A. take B. took C. have take n D. will take30. He ' s working hard
38、 for fear that he.A. should fall behi nd B. fell behi ndC. may fall behi nd D. would fall beh ind31. In the past men gen erally preferred that their wivesin the home.A. worked B. would work C. work D. were worki ng32. For a child to give up his less mature idea for a more mature on e, it requires th
39、at the childpsychologicallyready for the new idea. A. is B. were C. be D. would be33. Your advice thattill n ext week is reas on able.A. she waits B. she wait C. wait she D. she waited34. It was esse ntial that we lease before the end of the mon th.A. si ng B. sin ged C. had sig ned D. were sig ning
40、35. I advised that the sick childa hospital as soon as possible.A. should send to B. should be sent C. be went to D. must be sent to36. The workers in the factory dema nded that their paybe 20 perce nt.A. be raised B. would be raised C. raised D. raise37. The guard at the gate in sisted that everybo
41、dythe rules.A. obeys B. obey C. will obey D. would obey38. My suggestio n is that shemore exercise, which will do a lot ofgood to her. A. takes B. must take C. take D. took39. If only Idriv ing before. A. learn B. lear ned C. had lear ned D. would learn40. sheyesterday, she would meet the famous sin
42、 ger today.A. If, didn ' t leBvHad not, left C. Hadn ' t, left D. Didn' t, leave高考虚拟语气1. - If he, hethat food.-Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately. (93 N)A. was warned would n ot take B. had bee n warnedwould not have take nC. would be warned had not taken D. would have been
43、warnedhad not taken2. I didn' t see your sister at the meeting. If she, she would have met my br(flheN)A. has come B. did come C. came D. had come3. Whe n a pen cil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it. （95 N）A. breaks B. has broke n C. were broke n D. had bee n broke n4. You didn &#
44、39; t let me drive. If wein turn, youso tire（d6 N）A. drove didn ' t get B. drove wouldn ' t getC. were drivingwouldn ' t get D. had drivenwouldn ' t have got5. Yesterday Jane walked away from the discussi on. Otherwise, shesometh ing she would regret late（96上海）A. had said B. said C.
45、might say D. might have said6. He hesitated for a mome nt before kicki ng the ball, otherwise hea goal.（01 上海春季）A. had scored B. scored C. would score D. would have scored7. What would have happe ned,as far as the river ban k?（01 上海）A. Bob had walked farther B. if Bob should walk fartherC. had Bob w
46、alked farther D. if Bob walked farther8. It is hard for me to imagi ne what I would be doing today if Iin love, at the age of seve n, with the Meli ndaCox Library in my hometow n. （02 上海）A. wouldn ' t have fallen B. had noHin C. should fall D. were to fall9. be sent to work there? （02 上海）A. What
47、 do you suggest B. Who do you suggest that shouldC. Do you suggest who should D. Do you suggest whom should10. How I wish every familya large house with a beautiful garden! （02 上海春季）A. has B. had C. will have D. had had11. - Don't you thi nk it necessary that heto Miami but to New Y ork?-I agree, but the problem ishe has refused to .（05 江苏卷）A. will not be sent; that B. not be sent; that C. should not be sent; what D. should not send; what虚拟语气强化训练答案 1 20: ABABC DDBCA BADAC AADDB 21 40: CDBCC ACBBA CCBAC ABCCC高考虚拟语气：Keys: BDCDD DCBAB B