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1、present perfectform 1. statement: have / has + past participleI have finished the cake.We have finished the cake.You have finished the cake. (singular 'you')You have finished the cake. (plural 'you')They have finished the cake.He has finished the cake.She has finished the cake.It has
2、 finished the cake.form 2. negative statement: have / has + not + past participleI have not eaten lunch.We have not eaten lunch.You have not eaten lunch. (singular 'you')You have not eaten lunch. (plural 'you')They have not eaten lunch.He has not eaten lunch.She has not eaten lunch.I
3、t has not eaten lunch.form 3. question: have / has + subject + past participleform 4. short answer: Yes, subject + have / has; No, subject + haven't / hasn'tHave you got better? (singular 'you') Þ Yes, I have. (No, I haven't.)Have you got better? (plural 'you') Þ
4、; Yes, we have. (No, we haven't.)Have they got better? Þ Yes, they have. (No, they haven't.)Has he got better? Þ Yes, he has. (No, he hasn't.)Has she got better? Þ Yes, she has. (No, she hasn't.)Has it got better? Þ Yes, it has. (No, it hasn't.)Exercise 1Write
5、 the present perfect tense of the verbs given.1. I _ my letter. (finish)2. Tom _ just _. (leave)3. Someone _ my watch. (steal)4. The baby _ crying. (stop)5. I _ just _ my car. (wash)6. The dog _ the chicken away. (taken)7. The workers _ on strike. (go)8. I _ here for five years. (work)9. We _ here f
6、or ten years. (live)10. I _ just _ some wine. (have)11. I _ some mistakes. (make)12. I _ her to the movies a few times. (ask)Exercise 2Write the present perfect tense of the verbs given.1. I _ a new car. (buy)2. He _ the email. (send)3. They _ the project. (finish)4. I _ a penguin before. (see)5. I
7、_ to her before. (speak)6. I _ horse meat. (eat)7. I _ the water bill already. (pay)8. I _ the calculations. (finish)9. We _ the latest figures. (see)10. They _ to the concert. (go)11. You _ a busy day. (have)12. He _ my parents. (meet)Exercise 3Write the present perfect tense of the verbs given.1.
8、She _ the police. (call)2. It _ onto the ground. (fall)3. I _ business class before. (fly)4. She _ to pick up the book. (come)5. He _ very hard for the test. (study)6. They _ very late to prepare the document. (stay)7. The concert _ already. (begin)8. I _ three letters so far. (write)9. We _ out qui
9、te a few times this month. (eat)10. I _ my thumb with the paper. (cut)11. He _ the note I left. (read)12. It _ a pleasant evening. (be)Exercise 4Write the present perfect tense of the verbs given.1. I _ my letter yet. (not finish)2. He _ yet. (not leave)3. It _ raining yet. (not stop)4. I _ my car f
10、or a month now. (not wash)5. I _ any mistakes. (not make)6. He _ every time I ask him out. (never refuse)7. I _ to her before. (not speak)8. I _ horse meat. (never, eat)9. I _ the water bill yet. (not pay)Exercise 5Make questions and give short answers.e.g., be to Japan => Have you ever been to J
11、apan? - Yes, I have. / No, I haven't.1. be to Italy2. be to Bali3. be to Korea4. eat sushi5. eat lobster6. eat snake7. play golf8. fire a gun9. see the Microsoft XBox10. play snooker11. score more than 200 points playing bowling12. play go-cart13. stay up three night in a row14. fix a computer15
12、. prepare a cake16. dive from a cliff17. play firework18. be on a cruiseExercise 6Fill in the blanks.1. Where _? (you, be) - I _ to the clinic. (be)2. How many questions _ correctly? (the guy, answer) - He _ five so far. (answer)3. How long _ (you, know) Jerry? - I _ (know) him for ten years.4. Who
13、_? (just, leave) - Tom _. (just, leave)5. Who _ the chicken away? (take) - The dog _ the chicken away. (take)6. How long _ here? (you, live) - I _ here for five years. (live)7. What _ ? (you, just, buy) - I _ a new car. (just, buy)8. Why _ ? (they, not finish) - They _ busy working on something else
14、. (be)9. What _ ? (you, hear) - The war _. (just, end)10. What _? (happen) - Some prisoners _. (escape)11. What _ on TV (you, see)? - A plane _. (just, crash)Exercise 7Make questions and give short answers.e.g., you, have lunch yet => Have you had lunch yet? - Yes, I have. / No, I haven't.1.
15、todays newspaper, come yet2. you, see my wallet3. you, hear from them lately4. you, explain the problem to everyone5. you, have enough to eat6. Rick, pass his exam7. the maid, water the plant8. the workers go on strike9. you, fix the computer10. you, succeed in asking her out11. you, ever dive from
16、a cliff12. you, watch the horror movie 'The Ring'?13. you, ever, leave a supermarket without paying14. you, ever touch a panda?15. you, finish the project16. you, send the emailuse 1: completion· to expression completion; timing of event is NOT mentioned because it is not known or not i
17、mportant: key is that the event has completedI have finished homework. Can I watch TV now? (timing not mentioned with perfect tense)compare: I finished homework half an hour ago. (timing mentioned with past tense)Mr. Lee has left the office. Would you like to call again tomorrow? (timing not mention
18、ed)compare: Mr. Lee left ten minutes ago. (timing mentioned with past tense)· use 'already' to emphasize completionDo you want to have lunch together? => I've had lunch pare: I had lunch half an hour ago. (past tense, timing given)· use 'just' with perfect tense for
19、recently completed eventThe fireworks have just finished. (= they finished a few minutes ago)use 2: experience· timing of event not relevant, as long as it has happened by nowI have read the user menu but still don't know how to use the scanner. (timing unknown)compare: I read the user menu
20、 earlier today. (past tense, timing known)Clare, this is Polly. Have the two of you met before? (timing unknown)compare: Did the two of you meet at the dinner last night? (past tense: timing known)· use 'ever' in questionHave you ever seen a white tiger?Have you ever been to Japan befor
21、e?· use 'ever' in positive statementThis is the best Australian wine I've ever had.· use 'never' in negative statementI have never seen any celebrities; how about you?· use 'once', 'twice', 'several times' to indicate the number of experienc
22、esI have met him several times.use 3: duration and continuation· to indicate an event started at some point in the past and is ongoingThey have lived in this small town all their lives. (and they still live here)compare: They lived in this small town all their lives. (past tense: now they are d
23、ead)Maria has always worked for us. (and she still works for us)compare: Maria always worked for us. (past tense: she no longer works for anyone)· use for + a period of time to indicate durationI have lived here for five years. (and I still live here)compare: I lived here for five years. (past
24、tense: I no longer live here.)He has been with the navy for four years. (and he is still with the navy)compare: He was with the navy for four years. (past tense: He is no longer there.)· use since + a point in time to indicate the starting point: an event started at some point in the past and c
25、ontinues to the presentHe has been on holiday since last week. (and he is still on holiday)I have tried to date the girl since last year. (and I'm still trying)· time expression after 'since' can be a clause in past simple tenseI have worked here since I graduated.I have smoked sinc
26、e I was in high school.· 'since' is only used with present perfectWRONG: I work here since 1996. (NOT present simple)WRONG: I am working here since 1996. (NOT present continuous)WRONG: I worked here since 1996. (NOT past simple)use 4: incomplete period· meaning: something has happe
27、ned during a certain period so far, the period hasn't ended, so the event will probably continue to happenSidney Sheldon has had a number of bestselling novels. (a living writer whose time hasn't finished yet, can still have more successful stories)compare: Shakespeare created many literary
28、masterpieces. (a historical figure whose time has ended, cannot write anymore)Your girlfriend has called five times this morning already. (said at 11am, morning hasn't ended, maybe more calls in the same morning)compare: Your girlfriend called five times this morning. (said in the afternoon, eve
29、ning, after morning ended, no more calls in the same morning possible)We have received a lot of orders this month. (said in the middle of the month, time for more orders to come)compare: We received a lot of order this month. (said on the last day of the month, no more time to add anything to this m
30、onth's order volume)· use: incomplete period with 'lately', 'recently'Have you heard of Janet Jackson's What have you done for me lately?I've had a lot of bad luck lately / recently.The stock market has done quite well lately / recently.· use: incomplete period
31、with 'so far'She is the best candidate I've interviewed so far.use 5: present effect· to emphasize the present effect of past events; timing of event not known and not important; what matters is the event has happened, and has present implicationsI have already heard the story. (per
32、fect tense: so you don't need to tell me again)compare: I heard the story. (past tense: no present effect)He has broken his leg. (perfect tense: he is probably being treated right now)compare: He broke his leg. (past tense: he has probably recovered; no present effect)The elevator has broken dow
33、n. (perfect tense: it needs to be fixed)compare: The elevator broke down this morning. (past tense: it is back to normal now)use 6: sequence· to emphasize the order of things happening; to emphasize the fulfilling of a condition before another action can be carried out; events linked by conjunc
34、tion, e.g., when, untilLet me know when you have finished.We wont start until everyone has arrived.I will send you an email when I have arranged everything.Exercise 81. I _ (be) in Japan last week. - Which hotel _ (you stay) at? - The Imperial Hotel in Ginza. _ (you stay) there before?2. How long _
35、(work) in Hong Kong? - I _ (work) here since 1990.3. He _ (work) for a bank for four years and _ (leave) to join an insurance company.4. _ (you have) your hair dyed when you were in college? - No, my mom _ (allow) me to do so. After I _ (graduate), I _ (dye) it and it _ (be) like this ever since.5.
36、I _ (not hear) from her for two years. I wonder how she is doing now.6. Winston Churchill _ (write) a lot of great speeches.7. My younger brother _ (work) for a London newspaper and _ (publish) a few newspaper columns.8. He is trying to give up smoking and _ (not smoke) for several weeks now.9. Beet
37、hoven _ (compose) a total of ten violin sonatas.10. When _ (the train, arrive)? - It _ (arrive) half an hour ago.11. I _ (meet) Joyces husband. I _ (meet) him at a conference last week.12. I _ (finish) my work. I _ (finish) it before you called.13. David _ (travel) to Taiwan frequently. He _ (be) th
38、ere many times.14. Tim and I _ (be) good friends. We _ (know) each other for a long time.15. I _ (like) this kind of weather. It _ (be) extremely hot and humid for the last couple of weeks.16. My wife and I _ (come) to New York two weeks ago. We _ (look) at many apartments but _ (find) anything suit
39、able.17. Bob _ (finish) homework and is going to play some computer game now.18. Mike _ (be) at home in bed. He _ (be) sick for the past few days.19. I _ (not call) home in a long time. I _ (call) my parents later this evening.20. I _ (never see) the paintings on the wall of the chairmans office.21.
40、 Grace is doing some math problem sets. She _ (not finish) yet but it shouldnt take too long.22. I _ (not meet) Candys parents but I hope to do so in the near future.23. Brad _ (never, be) to Africa but he _ (hope) to visit there someday.24. Jenny _ (not come) to class for the last few days. I hope
41、she _ (be) okay.25. Vivian _ (not come) home from school yet. Normally she _ (be) home by four.26. A: Have you ever been to Italy? - B: Yes, I _. I _ (eat) there quite a few times. In fact, my wife and I _ (go) there last Christmas.27. A: Have you talked to Miss Chan about your problem? - B: Yes, I
42、_. I _ (talk) to her about it a couple of times. In fact, I _ (talk) to her before class today.28. A: What South American countries _ (you, visit)? - B: I _ (visit) Mexico and Brazil. I _ (be) in Mexico two months ago and I just _ (come) back from Brazil last week.29. A: Are you going to finish your
43、 work before you take off today? - B: I _ (finish, already) it. I _ (finish) it a couple of hours ago.30. A: Is Jerry going to lunch with us today? - B: No. He _ (eat, already). He _ (go) to lunch an hour ago.31. A: Do you want to go to the movie with us tonight? - B: No thanks. I _ (see, already) i
44、t. I _ (see) it last week.32. Jenny _ (have) a lot of problems since she _ (get) into college.33. Fred _ (give) piano performance since he _ (be) seven years old.34. Since we _ (start) this negotiation, we _ (discuss) three separate issues.35. A: This is our apartment. B: How long _ (you, live) here
45、? - We _ (live) here for almost three years. 2 He (live) in London for two years and then (go) to Edinburgh.36. _ (you, lock) the door before you left the office today?37. I _ (read) a few books by this author when I _ (be) at school. I _ (enjoy) them very much.38. I cant go to the movie with you gu
46、ys because I _ (not finish) my study.39. A: I _ (never, try) caviar. B: Well, have some now.40. I _ (write) the letter but I need to check it before sending it out.Exercise 91. Here are your dress shirt; I _ (just, iron) it.2. I _ (leave) home at 7:30 and _ (reach) the office at 8:00.3. I _ (do) thi
47、s kind of work when I _ (be) an part-time work.4. _ (you, see) the championship match on TV last night?5. The concert _ (begin) at 8.00 and _ (last) for two hours. Everyone _ (enjoy) it very much.6. The performers _ (arrive) last night and _ (start) rehearsing tomorrow morning.7. It _ (be) very cold this year. Hopefully it is going to get warmer soon.8. We _ (miss) the 8:00 train. Now well have to take the 10:00 one.9. He _ (break) his leg in a car accident last year.10. Mr. Lam is district sales manager.