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1、徐名词性从句知识点总结名词性从句 名词性从句相当于名词，可分别作主句的主语、表语、宾语和同位语。因此，名词性从 句厅分为主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位从句。（一）引导名词性从句的连接词1 、连接代词： who, whose, whom, what, which。有词义，在从句中担任成分，如主语、表语、宾语、或定语等。2 、连接副词： when, where, why, how。有词义，在从句中担任成分，作状语。3 、连接词： that, whether, if, as if。that 无词义，在从句中不担任成分，有时可省略； if （whether）, as if 虽有词义，但在从句中不担
2、任成分。1、连接代词与连接副词在句中不再是疑问句，因而从句中谓语不用疑问式。连接代词 与连接副词在从句充当句子成分，连接词 whether 和 if （是否）， as if （好象）在从句 中不充当句子成分，只起连接作用。根据句义，如果连接代词与连接副词， whether if 和 as if 都用不上时，才用 that 作连接词（ that 本身无任何含义） 。2、不可省略的连词：（1）介词后的连词（2 ）引导主语从句和同位语从句的连词不可省略。That she was chosen made us very happy.We heard the news that our team had
3、 won.（二）主语从句1 、主语从句在复合句作主语。e.g. Who will go is not important.2、用it 作形式主语，主语从句放在句末。e.g. It doesn 't matter so much whether you will come or not.主要句型有：（1 ） It+be+ 形容词 +that 从句。It is probable that he told her everything.很可能他把一切都告诉她了。（2 ）It+be+ 名词词组 （no wonder, an honour, a good thing, a pity, no su
4、rprise, etc.）+that 从句。It 's no surprise that our team should have won the game.我们没赢这场比赛真意外。（3 ） It+be+ 过去分词 +that 从句。It is said that Mr. Green has arrived in Beijing.据说格林先生已经到了北京。（4 ） It+seem, happen 等不及物动词及短语 +that 从句。It seems that Alice is not coming to the party at all. Alice似乎不来参加晚会。（5 ）It+d
5、oesn 't matter （makes no difference, etc.）+连接代词或连接副词引起的主语从句。It doesn 't matter whether she will come or not.她是否来这无关紧要。It makes no difference where we shall have the meeting.我们在哪里开会毫无区别。3 、that 引导主语从句时，不能省略。e.g. That he suddenly fell ill last week made us surprised. 4、当主语从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用第三人称单数，
6、下面这个句型例外。 What we need is more time and money.What we need are many more books.5 、if 不能用在主语从句中，而是用 whether Whether he left (or not) is unknown6 、引导主语从句的关联词有三类：(1) 从属连词 that 。That they were in truth sisters was clear from the facial resemblance between them.很明显，她们确是亲姐妹，她们的脸型很相似。(2) 从属连词 whether 。如： W
7、hether he 'll come here isn 't clear. 他是否会来这里还不清楚。(3) 连接代词 who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whatever, whichever 连接副词 where, when, how, why 。如：What she did is not yet known.她干了什么尚不清楚。How this happened is not clear to anyone.这事怎样发生的，谁也不清楚。Whoever comes is welcome.不论谁来都欢迎。Wherever you ar
8、e is my home my only home. 你所在的任何地方就是我的家 我唯一的家。注意：连接代词 whoever, whatever, whichever等引导主语从句的含义Whoever comes will be welcome. (whoever=the person who)来的人将受到欢迎。Whatever he did was right. (whatever=the thing that)他所做的事情是正确的。Whichever of you comes in will receive a prize. (whichever=anyone of you who) 你们
9、当中不论哪个进来将会得到奖励。(三) 表语从句1 、表语从句在复合句中作表语，位于系动词之后。e.g. The question was who could go there. 注意：连系动词 “appear, look, seem ”的两个常用句型 It seems/appears that .It looks/seems as if/as though (与事实相符用陈述语气，与事实相反用虚拟语气)2 、引导表语从句的连接词 that 有时可省去。e.g. My idea is (that) we can get more comrades to help in the work.3、引导
10、表语从句的关联词的种类：(1) 从属连词 that 。如：The trouble is that I have lost his address.麻烦是我把他的地址丢了。(2) 从属连词 whether, as, as if 。如：He looked just as he had looked ten years before.他看起来还与十年前一样。The question is whether they will be able to help us.问题是他们是否能帮我们。注意：从属连词 if一般不用来引导表语从句，但 as if 却可引导表语从句，如：All this was over
11、 twenty years ago, but it's as if it was only yesterday.这都是 20 多年前的事了，但宛如昨天一样。 能跟表语从句的谓语动词一般为系动词 be, seem, look 等。如： It looked as if it was going to rain.看起来天要下雨了。(3) 连接代词 who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whatever, whichever 连接副词 where, when, how, why 。如： The problem is who we can get to
12、replace her.问题是我们能找到谁去替换她呢。The question is how he did it.问题是他是如何做此事的。That was what she did this morning on reaching the attic.那就是她今晨上了阁楼干的。我想这是因为你做得太多。我想这就是他如此生气的原因注意：连词 because 可引导表语从句。 because 与 why 在引导表语从句的区别： eg ： I think it is because you are doing too much. （because 后面加原因）I think it is the rea
13、son why he was so angry. （why 后面加结果） (四)宾语从句1 、宾语从句在复合句中作宾语。引导宾语从句的连词that 一般可省略。e.g. I hope (that) everything is all right.2 、介词宾语从句：介词之后的宾语从句，不可用which 或if 连接，要分别用 what 或whether 。e.g. I 'm interested in whether you've finished the work.I 'm interested in what you've said.Your success
14、 will largely depend upon what you do and how you do it. 你是否成功将主要取决于你做什么和怎样做。3 、whether 与if 都可以引导宾语从句，常可互换。但下面情况不能互换。 宾语从句是否定句时，只用 if ，不用 whether 。e.g. I wonder if it doesn't rain. 用 if 会引起误解，就要用 whether 。e.g. Please let me know whether you want to go.(此句如果把 whether 改成 if ，容易当成条件句理解) 宾语从句中的 whet
15、her 与 or not 直接连用，就不能换成 if ；不直接连用，可换。e.g. I don 't know whether or not the report is true.I don 't know whether/ if the report is true or not. 介词后的宾语从句要用 whether 引导。 whether 可与不定式连用。 whether 也可引 导主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句，还可引导让步状语从句，以上均不能换成if 。但引导条件从句时，只能用 if ，而不能用 whether 。e.g. It depends on whether
16、we have enough time.They don 't know whether to go there.Please come to see me if you have time.注意：区别 if 引导的宾语从句和条件状语从句I don 't know if he will come.If he comes, I 'll let you know.4 、宾语从句的时态变化规律： 宾语从句时态与主句相呼应，但宾语从句表示的是客观真理或普遍现象除外(1) 当主句是一般现在时态时，从句可根据需要用任何时态。(2) 当主句是一般过去时态时，从句只能使用过去范围内的任
17、何时态。但客观真理除外。如：The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun.老师说地球绕着太阳运行。5 、当主语是 I, we ，主句用 think, believe, suppose, expect, imagine五个动词时，用否定转移I think he will win the game.(否定句) I don 't think he will win the game. 对应的反义疑问句： I don 't think he will win the game, will he?6 、引导宾语从句的关联词有三类：(
18、1) 从属连词 that 。He told us that he felt ill.他对我们说他感到不舒服注意： that 在引导宾语从句时也并不是任何情况下都可以省略。在以下情况下， that 不能省略。and 或 but 连接两个或多个宾语从句时，可以省略第一个连词 that ，放在an或者but 的后面 的 that 不能省略。Everybody could see what happened and that Tom was frightened. 大家都会看出所发生的事情并知道 Tom 非常害怕。 that 引导的宾语从句作介词宾语时， that 不能省略。 I know nothi
19、ng about him except that he is from the south 对他我一无所知，只知道他是南方人。. that 从句位于句首时， that 不可省略。That he ever said such a thing I simply don't believe.我简直不相信他曾说过这样的话。主句谓语动词与 that 从句之间有插入语， that 不可省略。We decided, in view of his special circumstances, that we would admit him for a probationary period.鉴于他的特
20、殊情况，我们决定应允他一段试用期。当宾语从句后带宾补时，要用“主语 + 谓语 +it + 宾补 +that-clause, that 不可省略I think it certain that she will do well in her exam. (2) 从属连词 if/whether 。I doubt whether he will succeed.我怀疑他是否会成功。 I don 't know if you can help me.我不知道你能否帮助我。(3) 连接代词 who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, 连接副词 where, wh
21、en, how, why 。 Who or what he was, Martin never learned. 道。whatever, whichever他是什么人？他是干什么的？马丁根本不知我不知道他要给我写信说什么事。 我会告诉你我为什么要你来。 你可做任何你想做的事。I wonder what he's writing to me about.I 'll tell you why I asked you to come. You may do what you will.(五)同位语从句1 、同位语从句在句中作某一名词的同位语，一般位于该名词（如：news, fact,
22、 idea,suggestion, promise， thought, question, reply, report, remark等）之后，说明该名词的具体内容。e.g. I have no idea when he will be back.The fact that he had not said anything surprised everybody.2 、that 引导的同位语从句与定语从句的区别：在同位语从句中： that 不可以省略，不作成分 ;定语从句的关系代词 that 在定语从句作 成分，作宾语时可以省略We are interested in the news tha
23、t some foreigners would visit our school.We are interested in the news that he told us.3 、when, where 引导的同位语从句与定语从句的区别： 在定语从句中， when, where 前有分别表示时间、地点的先行词；而在同位语从句中 无此对应关系They have no idea at all where he has gone.（同位语从句 ）Go and get your coat. It's in the place where you left it.（定语从句 ）4、引导宾语从句的
24、关联词有三类：（1 ）关联词多用从属连词 that 。Where did you get the idea that I could not come?你在哪儿听说我不能来？（2 ）同位语从句偶尔由从属连词 whether 引导。I have no idea whether he'll come or not.我不知道他是否来。注意： There is no doubt that he will come.There is doubt whether he will come.There is no possibility that .（3 ）连接代词 who, which, what
25、 和连接副词 where, when, why, how亦可引导同位语从句。The question who should do the work requires consideration. 谁该干这项工作，这个问题需要考虑。We haven't yet settled the question where we are going to spend our summer vacation.到哪儿去度暑假，这个问题我们还没有决定。It is a question how he did it.那是一个他如何做了此事的问题。名词性从句重点与难点一、that 从句作主语和宾语时，常用 i
26、t 作形式主语，将从句放在句末e.g. It doesn 't matter so much whether you will come or not.She has seen to it that all the children are well taken care of.二、that 引导名词性从句的省略情况1 、that 引导主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句时，不能省略。e.g. That he suddenly fell ill last week made us surprised.2 、that 引导宾语从句时一般可省略，但在以下几种情况中不能省略。1）当 that 从句
27、和主句谓语动词之间有插入词语或者从句主语之间有插入语时不能省略；2）当 that 从句与另一名词性从句并列作宾语时不能省略；3）当 that 作介词宾语时不能省略。e.g. He judged that, because he was a child, he did not understand wineEveryone knew what happened and that she was worried.The reason lies in that she works harder than the others do.三、名词性从句中的语序名词性从句中一律使用陈序语气。e.g. He
28、asked how much I paid for the violin.四、名词性从句中的时态呼应 在名词性从句中，谓语动词的时态要与主句谓语动词的时态相一致。e.g. As soon as he comes back, I'll tell him when you will come and see him.He kept looking at her, wondering whether he had seen her somewhere.Can you make sure where Alice has put the gold ring?五、引导同位语从句与定语从句的 tha
29、t 的区别同位语从句中的连词 that 只起连接作用，不充当任何句子成分且不能省略，同位语从句一般放 在有具体含义的名词后，用以解释名词的含义或内容；而定语从句中的关系代词 that 在从句中 充当主语或宾语，在充当宾语时常可省略，定语从句是对先行词的限定和修饰。e.g. They expressed the hope that they would come to visit China again.The hope she expressed is that they would come to visit China again.六、引导名词性从句的 that 和 what 的区别tha
30、t 引导名词性从句时，在从句中不充当任何句子成分，也没有任何含义，只起连接作用 , 且 在宾语从句中有时可省略； 而 what 引导名词性从句时， 在从句中充当主语、 宾语、 表语或定语。 e.g. That he said so made us angry .What he said at the meeting made us angry.China is no longer what it used to be.七、疑问词 + ever 和 no matter + 疑问词的区别1 、疑问词 + ever 既可引导名词性从句，又可引导让步状语从句。e.g. Whoever breaks t
31、he rule must be punished.Whoever breaks the rule, he must be punished.2 、 no matter + 疑问词只能引导让步状语从句。e.g. No matter who breaks the rule, he must be punished. No matter what you do, you must do it well.注意： who 与 whoever 的区别who 是 “谁”的意思，表示具有疑问， who 相当于 anyone who “无论谁 ” He gave whoever came to the door
32、 a smile. = He gave any person who came to the door a smile.（正确） 他问我是谁打的玻璃。 错误）（正确） 违法的人将受罚。（错误）比较： He asked me who broke the glass. He asked me whoever broke the glass. Whoever goes against law shall be punished. Who goes against law shall be punished.八、注意区分 it 作形式主语的主语从句与强调句主语从句强调句强调句句型 It is/was+
33、 被强调部分 +that, 去掉 It is/was, that ，句子仍然成立It is natural that they should have different views.It is only lately that he had had a family himself.It was in the hotel where he stayed that we discussed the serious problem九、比较： whether 与 if 均为" 是否 " 的意思。 但在下列情况下， whether 不能被 if 取代： 1 、 whether 引
34、导主语从句并在句首Whether he left (or not) is unknown2 、引导表语从句The question is whether they will be able to help us.3 、 whether 从句作介词宾语It depends on whether we have enough time.4 、从句后有 "or not"Whether he will come or not is not clear.5 、不定式之前She can't decide whether to buy the house or wait. 她不能
35、决定到底是应该买下这个房子还是再等等。6 、同位语从句中There is doubt whether he will come.7 、宾语从句前移Whether she will win the game, I'm not sure.名词性从句专项练习 11 he does has nothing to do with me.A. whatever B. No matter what C. That D. If2. The manager came over and asked the customer howA. did the quarrel came about B .the q
36、uarrel had come aboutC. had the quarrel come aboutD. had the quarrel come about3. Energy is makes thing work.A. what B. something C. anything D. that4. Information has been put forward more middle school graduates will be admittedinto universities.A. while B. that C. when D. as5. This is _the Shenzh
37、ou V Spaceship landed.A. there B. in which C. where D. when6. They have no idea at all.A. where he has goneB. where did he goC. which place has he gone D. where has he gone7. The doctor did a lot to reduce the patient' s fear he would die of the disease.A. that B. which C. of which D. of that8.
38、The order came _the soldiers the small village the next morning.A. that ;had to leave B. that; should leaveC. /; must leaveD. when; should leave9. _is no possibility Bob can win the first prize in the match.A. There; that B. It; that C. there; whether D. It; whether10. The question came up at the me
39、eting we had enough money for our research.A. that B. which C. whether D. if11. Is he said really true?A. that B. what C. why D. whethert matter.12. the meeting should last two days or three days doesn'A. That B. Whether C. If D. Where13. It worried her a bit her hair was turning gray.A. while B
40、. ifC. that D. for14. more countries can use natural energy in the future remains to be seen.A. Whether B. This C. who D. If15. he will go to work in a mountain village surprises all of us.A. What B. That C. Whether D. If16. you don ' t like him is none of my business.A. What B. ThatC. WhoD. How
41、17. all the inventions have in common is they have succeeded.A. What; what B. That; that C. what; that D. That ; what18. appeared to me that he enjoyed the food very much.A. WhatB. ItC. All thatD. That19. It is widely that smoking can cause cancer.A. believed B. thinkC. sayD. hoped20. caused the accident is still a complete mystery.A. What B. That C. How D. Where