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1、专题6-定语从句定语从句的定义：用来说明主句中某一名词或代词(有时也可说明整个主句或主句中一部分)而起定语作用的句子叫做定语从句。一、关系代词引导的定语从句1关系代词用来指代先行词是人或物的名词或代词句子成分用于限制从句或非限制性从句只用于限制性从句代替人代替物代替人或物主语Whowhich主语Whomwhichthat宾语Whose (=of whom)Whose (=of which)that例 1: This is the detective who came from London.例 2： The book which I am reading is written by Tomas
2、 Hardy.2、关系代词的用法(1) 女口果先行词是 all, much, anything, someth ing, nothing, everyth in g, little, none 等不定代词， 关系代词一般只用 that，不用 which。例如： All the people that are burst into tears.(所有人 都迸出眼泪。) 如果先行词被形容词最高级以及first, last, any, only, few, most, no, some, very等词修饰，关系代词常用that,不用which, who，或whom。(3)非限制性定语从句中，不能用关
3、系代词that,作宾语用的关系代词也不能省略。There are about seven million people taking part in the election, most of whom 、are well educated.which还有一种特殊用法，它可以引导从句修饰前面的整个主句，代替主句所表示的整 体概念或部分概念。在这种从句中，which可以做主语，也可以作宾语或表语，多数情况下意思是与and this相似，并可以指人。例如：He succeeded in the competiti on, which made his pare nts very happy.(5)
4、 that可指人或物，在从句中作表语，(指人做主语时多用who )仅用于限制性定语从句中。(6) which可作表语，既可指人，以可指物。指人时，一般指从事某种职业或是有某种特征、 品性或才能的人。Which引导的定语从句可以是限制性的，也可以是非限制性的。(7) 如果作先作词的集体名词着眼于集体的整体，关系代词用which;若是指集体中的各个成员，则用who。(8) 先行词有两个，一个指人，一个指物，关系代词应该用that。(9) 女口果先行词是 anyone, an ybody, every one, everybody, some one, somebody,关系代词应该用 who 或
5、whom，不用 which。例如：Is there anyone here who will go with you? (在这的所有 人中谁和你一起去？)3、“介词+关系代词”是一个普遍使用的结构(1) “介词+关系代词”可以引导限制性定语从句，也可以引导非限制性定语从句。“介词+关系代词”结构中的介词可以是in, on, about, from, for, with, to at, of, without 等，关系代词只可用whom或which,不可用that。from where为“介词+关系副词”结构，但也可以引导定语从句。例 1: We stood at the top of the
6、hill, from where we can see the town.例 2: She stood at the top of the building, from where she can see all of the streets.(3) 像 listen to, look at, depend on, pay attention to, take care of 等固定短语动词，在定语从句 中一般不宜将介词与动词分开。例如： This is the boy whom she has taken care of.二、关系副词引导的定语从句1、关系副词也可以引导定语从句 关系副词在从
7、句中分别表示时间 地点或原因。 关系副词 when 在从句中充当时间状语， where 充当地点状语， why 充当原因状语。2、that 可引导定语从句表示时间地点或原因That 有时可以代替关系副词 when, where 或者 why 引导定语从句表示时间地点或原因， 在 that 引导的这种定语从句中， that 也可以省去。三、限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句1、二者差异比较 限制定语从句紧跟先行词， 引导词同先行词之间一般不加逗号， 仅修饰先行词， 可以由关系 代词、关系副词或that来引导。非限制性定语从句仅作补充或说明，用逗号与主句隔开，既 可修饰先行词，又可修饰整个主句，不可
8、用 that 引导。2、关系代词和关系副词的选择依据(1) 弄清代替先行词的关系词在从句中作什么成分,作状语的应选用关系副词，作主语 宾语或表语的可选用关系代词。3、先行词与定语从句隔离定语从句一般紧跟在先行词之后， 但定语从句与先行词之间有时也会插入别的成分， 构成先 行词与定语从句的隔离。例如： This is the article written by him that Is poke to you about.四、As 在定语从句中的用法1. 引导限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句(1) as多与such或the same连用，可以代替先行词是人或物的名词。(2) as 也可单独使用，
9、引导非限制性定语从句，作用相当于which。 例如： The elephant 's nose is like a snake, as anybody can see.(3) the samethat与the samea在意思上是不同的。2As 引导的非限制性定语从句的位置as引导的非限制性定语从句位置较灵活，可以位于主句前面中间或后面，一般用逗号与主句隔开，但which所引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句之后。例如：As is expected, theEngland team won the football match.【例题精析】'll fail.1. I think
10、you ' re got to the pointa change is needed, otherwise youA. whe n B. that C. where D. which2. The hoursthe children spend in their one-way relationship with television peopleun doubtedly affect their relati on ships with real-life people.A. whe n B. that C. in which D. on which3. Many people wh
11、o had seen the film were afraid to go to the forest when they remembered thescenespeople were eate n by the tiger.A. that B. by which C. which D. i n which4. There were dirty marks on her trousersshe had wiped her han ds.A. where B. which C. whe n D. that5. is ofte n the case, we have worked out the
12、 product ion pla n.A. Which B. When C. What D. As6. is reported in the newspaper, talks between the two countries are making progress.A.It B.As C.That D.What7. There are many peopleonly on-line activity is sending and receiving e-mails.A.who B.that C.which D.whose8. EBay,Amazon and Wal-Mart are popu
13、lar websitespeople can sell goods to each other.A.where B.which C.whe n D.whose9. On his 10th birthday,Marty man ages to escape from the zoo and gets onto the subway,hebelieves that he can go to the wild.A.which B.from what C.through which D.that10. I hopethe littleI have been able to do has been of
14、 some use.A.that;that B./;by which C.what;what D./;with which11. The farmers use wood to build a houseto store grains all the year around.A.with which B.to which C.which D.in which12. This was a filmSpielberg used real actors in stead of toys.A.which B.whe n C.in which D.there13. The thought of goin
15、g home to his family was allkept him happy while he waswork ing abroad.A.that B.what C.those D.which14 A container weighs more after air is put inproves that air has weight.A.as B.it C.that D.which15 Can you tell me where Peter lives? Over there. The two storey house, there is a garden.A.near it B.f
16、rom which C.in front of it D.in front of which16 Miss Green took up the story at the pointthe thief had just made off with the jewels.A.where B.which C.as D.when17 Why does she always ask you for help? There is no one else , is there?A.who to turn to B.she can turn to C.for whom to turn D.for her to
17、 turn18 The year before last, part of Southeast Asia was struck by floods, from effects thepeople are still suffering.A.that B.whose C.those D.what19 Nowadays teenagers like to go to fast food restaurants, _ as the name suggests, eating doesn ' t take much time.A.who B.where C.which D.what20 Lat
18、er I want to return home but couldn' t fin_d_a_c_o_m_p_aIncyould use I hadlearnt.A.where;that B.where;what C.when;what D.that;that21 Government reports, legal papers and most business letters are the main situations English is used.A.when B.that C.how D.where22 We hope the measures to control pr
19、ices， are taken by the government ， will succeed.A.as B.when C.since D.after23 The boy the teachers considered failed in the final exam, surprised themvery much.A.to be the best ；whichB.as the best student； thatC.to have been studying well ； it D.such as a good student； which24The president,together
20、 with his bodyguards, to the nuclear station there wasan accident 20 minutes ago.A.have come； which B.came； in which C.has come； where D.come； in which25 Is there a gas station around I can get some petrol?A.which B.what C.where D.that【强化训练】1. That is the only thing I bought from the supermarket.A.
21、which B. that C. what D. where2. The place interested me most was the Children' s Palace.A. which B. where C. what D. in which3. The computer last week has gone wrong.A. which I bought itB. I boughtC. what I bought D. I bought it4. That is the poor boy father died in a traffic accident last year
22、.A. whoB. whomC. whose D. which5. Do you know the girl is standing under the tree?A. who B. whom C. which D. where6.Is the woman talked to our teacher yesterday your mother?A. who B. whom C. whichD. what7.The young lady we met yesterday is our new maths teacher.A. what B. whose C. whom D. which8.I l
23、ike to live in a house is big and bright.A. thatB. who C. howD. why9.I hate people talk much but do little.A. whom B. whichC. who D. when10.I am one of the boys never late for school.A. that is B. who are C. who am D. who is11.Mr Green, there is someone at the front desk would like to speak with you
24、.A. heB. whoC. whichD. whom12.I love the small village I was born.A. that B. which C. whereD. whose13.Here comes the girl handwriting is the best in our class.A. whichB. whose C. that D. who14. My parents usually buy me some simple clothes can last a long time.A. who B. that C. whom D. whose【用适当的关系词
25、填空】I. 1 still remember the ni ghtI first came to the house.2. I'll n ever forget the day we met each other last week.3. Mr. Black is going to Beiji ng in October,is the best seas on there.4. I will n ever forget the daysI spe nt with your family.5. I'll n ever forget the last daywe spe nt to
26、gether.6. This is the schoolI used to study.7. Do you still remember the placewe visited last week?8. Do you still remember the placewe visited the pain ti ng exhibiti on?9. Have you ever bee n to Han gzhou,is famous for the West Lake?10. Have you ever bee to Hang Zhou,lies the West Lake?II. Tom wil
27、l go to Shan ghai,live his two brothers.12. I live in Beiji ng,is the capital of China.13. There was a timethere were slaves in the USA.14. It is the third timeyou have made the same mistake.15. It was in the streetI met Joh n yesterday.16. It was about 600 years agothe first clock with a face and a
28、n hour hand was made.17. The momentI saw you, I recognized（认出）you.18. This is the very no vel aboutwe've talked so much.19. This is the wayhe did it.20. Who is the stude ntwas late for school today?21. Whoknows him wants to make friends with him?22. She loves play ing socceris very popular in th
29、e UK.23. He lives in the roomwindow faces to the south.24. The park is a very quiet placeyou can have e rest.25. This is Mr. Joh n forson I brought a book yesterday.26. This is Mr. Joh n forI bought a book yesterday.27. This is the hourthe place is always full of wome n and childre n.28. And there is one pointrd like your advice.29. Win ter is the time of yearthe days are short and ni ghts are long.30. I hope you will find this valley a beautiful placeyou may spe nd your weeke nd.