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1、? UNIT 1? 重点单词和短语? objective accomplish predict accompany attain scheme skilledargue define? interview prospect? course of action in the way(by the way, in no way, in away) make a guess atcontribute to and the like (and so on)? seek to do sth. in part point of view varyfromto ? apply for (to)? have
2、no idea bring about take the trouble to do? put oneself in one s place? to one s advantage at a disadvantage ask for in hand turn down(up, on, off, out, over, back)? 重点、难点句子详解? 1.A decision is a choice made from among alternative coursesof action that are available.? 解析： courses of action 意思是行动方案、做事
3、步骤；made是过去分词；from amongplateau? in theory apply to depend on research into swallow up make useof together with in every respect in other words consist of a greatmany under the circumstances make a difference above all as a rule? seek to do sth. in part point of view varyfromto ? 例： I hope my boy fri
4、end will be handsome, strong and _ kind. (06-4)? A. above all B. in all C. at all D. after all(A)? 重点、难点句子详解? 1. Einstein claimed that matter and energy areinterchangeable ? 例：爱因斯坦声称物质和能量是可以相互转化的，因此没有绝对的时间和空间。(05-4-68)? 2. It is only recently that astronomers have begun specific research into black
5、holes.? 例 1 ： It is on Friday _ we will hold the meeting.? 4. The total water area is about three times as large as the land area.? 解析：数词+times + as + 形容词 +as 是表示倍数的表达法。? 例： It is important to note that a reading of 4 indicates an earthquake ten times as strongas one with a reading of 3. (unit 6 tex
6、t B)? 5. The more we learn about other people, the better we understand their ideas, and, as arule, the better we like those people themselves.? 解析：the+比较级，the+比较级结构，意思是越-越-，第一个从句中谓语动词不用倒装，第二个从句谓语动词可以用倒装，也可以用正装语气。? 例： _ we are, _ we become.? A. the oldest; the wiser B. older; wiser? C. the older, th
7、e more wise D. the older; the wiser(D)? UNIT 3? 重点单词和短语? deteriorate debate (on/upon) request ensure oppose(beopposed to) burden sensitive privilege appoint biasaccessible? recruit? be affected with carry out in addition to in thiscase open upcare for take into account haveat heartsensitive to opt o
8、ut offor short amount to为二重介词? 例： We ll inform you as soon as tickets become .(06-4)? A. valuable B. capable C. acceptable D. available(D)? 2. some suggest that the management process is decision making.? 解析： suggest 表示认为、提出、暗示意思，后面不用虚拟语 气，表示建议意思，后面用虚拟语气。? 例： It is suggested that the meeting (should
9、) be held (hold)at some other time.? 3. decision mking includes limiting alternatives as well as identifying them.? 解析：as well as意思是既-又-? 4. In fact, I did have several questions, but you have already answered them all.? 解析：助动词do 在肯定句中用在动词之前表示强调，意思是确实。? 5. but do not let it worry you too much.? 解析：动
10、词let, make, have, hear, see, observe 等词之后的宾语补足语为省略to 的不定式结构。? 6. There is little likelihood that? 对比： There is a/ every/no likelihood that/of? 例： The two sisters are _ in many ways, not only in appearance but also intemperament.(06-4)? A. like B. likely C. alike D. lively (C) ? UNIT2? 重点单词和短语? exert
11、 collapse shrink basis launch convince operaterevolve glitter unlikely (be likely to) whereas concerned (be concerned about)? A. that B. when C. in that time D. what(A)? 例 2: As a painter, Ted was very _ about the colors he used. (03-10)? A. specific B. special C. peculiar D. particular (D)? 3. The
12、earth is one of mine planets which move in orbit round the sun.? 对比： The earth is the only one of the nine planets which has life on it.? on (the) average compete with blame sb. for sth.by nature when itcomes to? be related to be worth doing? 重点、难点句子详解? 1. It is very easy in society now for the elde
13、rly, the disabled and the dependent to feel thatthey are burdens.? 例： It is important _ there in time.? A. for you to get B. to you to get C. yourgetting D. of yougetting (A)? 2. And it may be worth remembering that? 解析： be worth 意思是值得，后面接名词、代词以及主动形式的动名词。? 3. Many people, though, are totally against
14、 the practice of euthanasia.? 解析： Though 是一个起连结性作用的副词，意思相当于however, but.? 4. “ Well, it s not apslaifnIning to m urdmer a crowd of people with a machine gun.”? 解析： As if 引出的从句，谓语动词根据实际情况选择用虚拟语气形式还是一般陈述语气。? 例： It seems as if it were spring now. 使用虚拟语气? UNIT 4? 重点单词和短语? domestic exploit campaign execu
15、te convict incidencedeserve? despite deport minimum maintenance guilt immigrantweed deny degrade inhumane civil libertydisaffectionargument circus? bring over watch over in unison call up pay backup to a greatdeal of? be supposed to convict of feel like protect? risk doing sth.? deal with according
16、to be deserving of threatento do sth. agree to dosth.? distinguish from react to clean up? 重点、难点句子详解? 1. And they can have their passports removed, makingleaving or “ escaping ” virtuallyimpossible.? 解析：making是分词短语，表示结果，impossible做宾补。 removed 是过去分词作宾补，表示有完成和被动的含义。? 2. It is, they say, the right to c
17、hange employers which distinguishes employment fromslavery.? 解析： they say 是插入语，本句是一个强调句式，which 可以改成 that, 句子会更正? 3. Six out of every ten prisoners in chains are black, which is why the chain gangs call upimages of slavery in centuries gone by.? 解析：数字+out of every+数字，意思是每一个中就有一个； which 引导非限定性的定语从句修饰前
18、面整个句子;gone by 是分词短语修饰centuries表示已经完成。? 4. What they will do is make prisoners more angry, more hostile ? 解析： what 引导的主语从句中带有实义动词do, 表语不定式可以带 to, 也可以省略to.? UNIT 5? 重点单词和短语? folk transformation distinct sentiment originate spontaneoussynthesis? readily amplifier electronics studio penetratingtherebypa
19、rticipate? multimedia live inspire invariably improviseconstructivecreative? preliminary painstaking conception temper mold diversifiedconventional harmony evident? take over take on take up take over take place build out of inexistence? in a sense at a stretch serve as in advance for the sake of be
20、 born? in fashion begin with it goes without saying that? 重点、难点句子详解? 1. What happened, as well as it can be put into words, was this.? 解析：第一个as 是副词，第二个as 是连词，well 是副词修饰put, 注意区别as wellas;? 例 : Those stories, as well as this boring one, have been told almost hundreds of times.? 2. Electronics did, in
21、 fact, make possible sounds that no instrument up to fhamtime couldproduce.? 解析： make 是谓语动词，sounds that no instrument up tothat time could produce 是宾语， possible 是宾补前置了，英语中有时为了句子结构的平衡，可对句子结构进行调整。? 3. It is difficult to summarize the composing methods of so diversified a group.? 解析： so/too+ 形容词 +a/an
22、+ 名词以及such+a/an+ 形容词 +名词是固定搭配，例如：He was not so big a fool as he looked.? 4. The creative act with Palestrina is not thematic conception so much as the personaltreatment of well-established pattern.? 解析：not -so much as意思是与其说一不如说一，不像 那么? UNIT 6? 重点单词和短语? efficiency appliance specific shade prevalent i
23、ncreasinglyswitch? defective spray personnel completion assemble cast reductioncritical? intensify warning precede speculate partial reliability forecastdecay? subside analyze shift? expose sth./sb. to to a degree convertprevent from? in between? be responsible for in question differ from work on in
24、 that ? plenty of? be capable of tooto be on the alert set upassociate with? be involved in? 重点、难点句子详解? 1. Thus, people who need to exert much energy in their workwill find relaxation most desirable in leisure.? 解析： exert oneself to do sth. 意思是努力做某事；find+ 宾语+ 补语( adj, -ing, -ed, 不定式，介词短语)。? 2. Hence
25、, it can be argued that the people with whom we come into contact in these various context s are ? 解析：It can be argued that是以it作形式主语的被动语态结构，类似的还有：It issaid that, It is believed that, It is reported that, It is thought that;with whom 是介词+关系代词的限定性定语从句，修饰people. Come into contact with与接触? 3.It is not h
26、ow much time you allocate for study that counts but how much you learnwhen you do study.? 解析：这是一个强调句式，被强调的部分可以是主语、宾语、状语以及从句，可用 that,which,who 引导。? 4.This will not only keep the study habit alive but also keepyou up to date on your classassignments and projects.? 解析：keep +宾语+adj.意思是使一保持某种状态；up to dat
27、e 意思是最新的，切合目前情况的。? UNIT 8? 重点单词和短语? internal external overcome destination resetneutral feasibleproceeding? alarm promote interact fade duration moderate distractionexceptional? remedy productivity appreciate mislead typical? effect on blame sth. on sb.= blame sb. for sth. as freshas paint now that?
28、 leave alone out of step in time a short cut comeacross due to attendto? fall apart be true of lack of at hand at once play a role in be faced with? account for to date= so far = up to now? 重点、难点句子详解? 1. Confused? So was John Foster Dulles, the AmericanSecretary of State.? 解析： confused 是 are you con
29、fused? 的省略句；当以So 开头表示与前边情况类似的句子时，要用倒装语序。例如：My brother can speak French,so can my sister.to/into? 2. It is not feasible to wait four days until the body is used to the new time zone.? 解析： it 是形式主语，真正的主语是不定式结构，until 与 not连用，翻译为直到-才，例如：Don t open the door until the train stops.? 3. There is evidence ,
30、of course, that motivation plays animportant role in overcoming theeffects of distractors and that there are considerable differencesin ? 解析：两个that 引导的同位语从句，说明evidence;? UNIT 9? 重点单词和短语? dependency upwards liability revision lengthenalter proportionappreciation acknowledge neglect esteem handleappro
31、priatewithdraw? worthless? approximate to be classified as rather th an in one s thirties in terms of? take advantage of cope with no other thandown on view as? exchange -for? 例： It would be better to make a decision now, _ leave ituntil next week. (06-4)? A. other than B. rather than C. less than D
32、. more than B? 重点、难点句子详解? 1. because lots of dependent babies are more of a liabilitythan numbers of the inactiveaged.? 解析： be+of+ 名词 ,表示具有与该名词同源的形容词的性质。例 : The girl is ofbeauty.= The girl is beautiful. A number of = numbers of 表示一些、若干，谓语动词用复数the number of表示-的数目，谓语动词用单数。? 2. There is often resistanc
33、e to the idea that it is because the birthrate fell earlier in Westernand Northwestern Europe than elsewhere, rather than because of any change in the deathrate, that we have grown so old.? 解析： the idea 后的 that 引导同位语从句，同位语从句部分是一个it is - that结构的强调句型，强调部分是原因状语从句；rather than 意思是“而不是”。? 3. Children need
34、 help understanding that their self-esteem and the self-esteem of thosethey interact with have a direct effect on each other.? 解析： that 引导的宾语从句，包含一个省略that 的定语从句，they interact with 修lo饰 those; have an effect on/upon对一有影响。? UNIT10? 重点单词和短语? strategy representative democratic nomineecertainty declineco
35、ngress? loyalty provision election stir pursue dominate competitoropposition? nominate collectively automatically contest assault? stand no chance of identify-as impact on eitherdraw away from? focus on lose sth. to sb. in number break up inthe running in /out ofpower? in favor of come into power ca
36、rry on a number of asa consequence of? as a result of break down? 重点、难点句子详解? 1. Although presidential elections occur every 4 years.? 解析： occur 意思是发生，occur to 被想起，例如：An ideahas occurred to me.? 2. In deciding whether to pursue a course of action, they tryto estimate its likely impacton the voters.?
37、解析： course of action 意思是行动方案；? 3. The advantage of the second party over the third is sogreat that it is the only party thatis likely to be able to overturn the party in power.? 解析：have an advantage over 优于；so that 如止匕以至于引导结果状语从句，that 引导的状语从句中，包含一个that 引导的定语从句。? 4. Usually the small parties collecti
38、vely poll less than 5per cent of the vote cast innational election.? 解析： cast 是过去分词。? UNIT 11? 重点单词和短语? disorder irrelevant misleading simulate replaceundergo negativeremark? relief deprive prevail delightful literal neverthelesstouchingcontented? imperative devotion refine? do research into aim for
39、 takefor grantedat sacrifice to becentral to? do experiment on be irrelevant to bring out goingsand comings at easeplea for? not(never) for a moment catch/seize hold of? 例：你所说的与我们正在讨论的毫不相干。(06-4 )? 重点、难点句子详解? 1. The famous example of thalidomide is a case for more animal testing, not less.? 解析： for
40、意思是 in favor of; support; case 案例、病例、实例? 例： Doctors believe that bad nerves are the cause ofsleeplessness in ninety-nine _ outof a hundred.? A. examples B. events C. instances D. cases(D)? 2. When it comes to research into heart disease and its effects on the body, or disease ofthe brain for example
41、, we do not have adequate substitutes for the use of animals.? 解析：when it comes to是一个固定句型，意思是当谈到一的时候；substitute for意思是代替、替换，for 后面是被替换的对象；例如：Honey cansubstitute for sugar.? 3. Many other new techniques are now available that enable more research to be done inthe test tube ? 解析： that 引导的是定语从句，修饰techn
42、iques; available 意思是可以应用、使用。? UNIT 12? 重点单词和短语? symptom intellectual detail enhance initialconfront sensitivitysurrounding character modest miserableadministration respectivelyvolunteer identity primarily psychology undertake gamble? be contrary to put off be confronted with draw on dream of at seai
43、mpress on? in reality let go of gaze on be aware of in one mind s eye go overfree from? put aside=set aside be beneficial t o add up to at one best influence on inturn? in general make a difference? 例： 1. With all this done, I have been freed (free) from all troubles and responsibilities.(05-4)? 2.
44、Although she is very busy, Mum _ some time every day to read to us.? A. sets off B. sets for C. sets aside D. sets upC? 重点、难点句子详解? 1. Not only are they less able to deal with the pressure of day-to-day existence, but al so ? 解析： not only 放在句首，后面的谓语动词采取倒装形式。? 2. In another experiment at Yale Universi
45、ty, Dr. Jerome found that daydreaming resultedfeienl imbipttreorved self-control and enhanced creative thinking ability.? 解析： improved, enhanced 都是过去分词做定语，修饰后面的名词词组；result in 意思是导致、结果是。? 3.“ you can relate this to wakening psychology, wherebeing alone leads to moreunhappiness. ”? 解析： where 翻译成在刚睡醒的状
46、态下，引导定语从句修饰 wakening psychology.? UNIT 13? 重点单词和短语? compel voluntary coincide with eliminate subtleoutrage tightenexcessive competition encounter series assemblydisapproval response? at a guess go in for expect to do so far as sb. knows attitude towards take it easy? on and off put an end to expect sth. of sb. in returnhave an edge on/over? so long as apply oneself to at present on occasion sit down on in vain? with a view to? 重点、难点句子详解? 1. because they can put their aggression into their work, be it physical lik