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1、学习必备欢迎下载【词条 1】 extend【课文原句】As timepassed,however,the carnivalperiodwas extended,so thatitbeganjust after Christmas. (Page 32)【点拨】 extend 在句中用作及物动词, 意为 " 延长 , 扩大 " 。如 :We will finally extend the road as far as the station.【拓展】 extend 作及物动词, 还可意为 " 伸出 , 展开；给予 ( 欢迎 , 帮助等 )" 。如 :He r
2、efused to take the hand I extended in friendship.We extended warm congratulations to the winners.extend 还可作不及物动词, 意为 " 延伸 , 延续 , 继续 " 。如 :The hot weather may extend into October in this area.【词条 2】 pretend【课文原句】Ordinarypeoplecouldpretendto be richand important,whilefamous peoplecould have
3、romantic adventures in secret. (Page 32)【点拨】 pretend在句中意为 " 假装 ", 常用于结构pretend to do sth.。如 :She just pretended to be friendly to me.【拓展】 pretend还可接名词和that-clause。如 :He pretended sleep when his mother called him to do housework.Let s pretend that we are grown-ups.短语 pretend to意为 " 自称具
4、有 , 自称应得到",to为介词。如I don t pretend to much experience in this field.:【词条 3】 mark【课文原句】This marked the beginning of the slave trade. (Page 39)【点拨】 mark 在句中用作动词, 意为 " 标志着 " 。如 :This battle marks the end of the war.【拓展】 mark 作动词 , 还常意为 " 作标记；使有污点；标示；打分；纪念" 。如 :In this school, ev
5、ery kids hat is marked with his or her name.A large scar marked his cheek.The route to the tower has been marked in red.I ve got a pile of papers to mark.There will be ceremonies to mark the tenth anniversary of the company.mark 还可用作名词, 常意为 " 污点 , 疤痕；记号；标志, 迹象；成绩 " 。如 :The children left di
6、rty marks all over the kitchen floor.I put a mark in the margin to remind me to check the figure.They stood up as a mark of respect when the guest entered the room.He got the best mark in this English test.经典短语透视【短语 1】 consist of【课文原句】a foodthatconsistsofa tubeofskincontainingmeat mixed withherbs(Pa
7、ge35)【点拨】consist of意为 " 由构成( 组成 )",不用于进行时和被动语态。如:学习必备欢迎下载Our dinner consisted of four courses only.【拓展】 consist of的同义短语为be made up ofThe committee is made up of five members.= The committee consists of five members.consist in意为 " 在于 ", 与 lie in同义。如 :。如:The future of a nation cons
8、ists in its education.= The future of a nation lies in its education.【短语 2】 dress up【课文原句】. and they were not allowed to dress up as women. (Page 33)【点拨】 dressup 在句中意为" 打扮 ", 常用作 dressup as sb."穿着衣服" 。如 :Dont bother to dress up for the party, for it is informal.My mom dressed up
9、as a witch in Halloween last year.Children often enjoy dressing up in their parentsclothes.打扮成某人" ； dressup insth."【拓展】 dress up还可意为 " 把打扮起来, 给穿上衣服" 。如 :While Lily was being dressed up, Mary was playing with the cat.热点语法聚焦一、常用时态被动语态的构成形式时态形式一般现在时 is / am / are +动词的过去分词一般将来时will /
10、 shall + be +动词的过去分词现在完成时has / have + been +动词的过去分词现在进行时is / am / are +being +动词的过去分词一般过去时was / were +动词的过去分词过去将来时would be +动词的过去分词 was / were going to be +动词的过去分词过去完成时had been +动词的过去分词过去进行时was / were + being+动词的过去分词二、被动语态的使用要点1.不及物动词不能用于被动语态及物动词才有被动语态, 不及物动词happen, take place,appear, arrive, die, f
11、all, last, occur, remain, succeed, start等没有被动语态。例如Great changes have been taken place in my hometown. (×)Great changes have taken place in my hometown. ():2.表示状态的动词不能用于被动语态英语中有些动词( 短语动词) 不是表示动作, 而是表示某种状态或情况 , 如 " 拥有、容纳、适合、明白 " 等意 , 这类词不能用于被动语态hold, have, become, last, cost, consist of
12、, look like等。如 :The new stadium can be held 5,000 people. (×)The new stadium can hold 5,000 people. (), 常见的有:lack,mean,3. 主动形式表示被动意义的词(1)某些感官动词和系动词加形容词可以表示被动意义, 常见的有 :look, smell, taste, feel,prove, wear, sound等。如 :Your idea sounds great.(2)某些行为动词后加副词( 有些可不加副词 ) 也可以表示被动意义, 常见的有 :wash, write,学习必
13、备欢迎下载sell, read, handle, keep, pay等。如 :The meat cuts easily. The shoes wear well.(3)want,deserve,need,require,worthThe point deserves mentioning.等词的后面可以用动名词的主动形式表示被动意义。4.在主动语态中, 若动词为make, let, see, hear, watch, notice式；但是变被动语态时, 必须把省掉的to 带上。例如 :时 , 后接不带to的动词不定You should make him deal with this probl
14、em carefully.= He should be made to deal with this problem carefully.5. 某些表语形容词后 , 常用不定式的主动表被动。The question is difficult to understand.6. 当不定式作定语 , 与前面的名词或代词有动宾关系时, 用不定式的主动表被动。Have you got anything to say at the meeting?7. be to blame, be to let要用主动形式表示被动意思。三、考例分析1.Whats the noise? Oh,I forgot to te
15、ll you. The new machine _. (2008A. was tested B. will be tested C. is being tested D. has been tested答案 :C。从题目的对话 "Whatsthe noise?" 可以看出, 噪音现在存在着浙江 ), 所以 " 新机器正在被测试" 。2. I like these English songs and they _ many times on the radio. (2008A. taught B. have taught C. are taught D.
16、have been taught答案 :D 。they 指代的是English songs,与 teach 构成被动关系, 且强调完成。3. Do you have any problems if you _ this job?(2008湖南 )Well,I m thinking about the salary .A. offer B. will offer C. are offered D. will be offered安徽 )答案 :C。句意 :如果给你这份工作, 你有问题吗？本句应用被动语态, 排除A、B, 而条件状语从句中要用现在时表示将来, 故 C 符合题意。4. Did you go to the show last night? Yeah. Every boy and every girl in the area _ invited. (2008A. were B. have been C. has been D. Was陕西 )答案 :D。句意: 你昨晚去看演出了吗？去了, 这个地方的每一个人都被邀请了。主语是everyboy and every girl,谓语要用单数, 而整体时态是过去时, 故选 D。