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1、现在分词过去分词不定式做状语详讲及分析一现在分词做状语（表原因，时间，条件，让步，行为方式，伴随状况，现在分词与主句的主语一致，且形成主谓关系,就是说现在分词的动作发出者是主句的主语例如： Hearing the news, they got excited. (When they heard the news, they got excited.)现在分词 逻辑主语.从这个例句中看出，现在分词的发出者是主句的主语they,且主句的主语与现在分词形成主谓关系 She got home, feeling very tired. 逻辑主语 现在分词主句的主语与feeling 形成主谓关系 Cros
2、sing the road, I saw a girl crying. (When I was crossing the road, I saw a girl crying.) 注： 当句主句的主语与从句的动词表示动作正在进行除了省略其连接词because, if , once, when ,从句中的主语，还要省略其be 动词When he was climbing the step, he heard terrible voice. Climbing the step, he heard terrible voiceBecause he is a child, he cant enter i
3、nto the interbar.Being a child, he cant enter into the interbar 当从句中出现主n/adj, 且该从句的主语与主句的主语一致时，用be 动词的现在分词形式即Being +n/adj.Being excited, he speaks incoherently. (Because he is excited, he speaks incoherently.)注意：当主句的主语与从句的主语不一致时，那么从句现在分词是独立的主格结构。从句中的主语不能省略。Weather permitting, well go camping. (If we
4、ather permits, well go camping.) 主语 现在分词主语 主语不一致 形成主谓关系 从上面中可以看出，主句中的主语与从句中的主语不一致。从句中的主语与现在分词形成主谓关系。因此，现在分词前不能省略其主语He sat in the chair, his glaring eyes looking at her. I feel very excited, this being the first time to won the first. I feel very excited, because this is my fist time to won the first
5、.2) 现在分词的时态和语态时态主动语态被动语态一般式 (指动作通常是一般性的动作，既不明确说明 发生在现在，也不说明发生在过去、将来）doingbeing done完成式 （指发生在主句的谓语动作之前） having donehaving been doneNot knowing her address, I wasnt able to contact her. (knowing 为一般式) Having bought our tickets, we went into the theater We 与brought 为主动关系 从上句的句意中得知，买票的动作发生在进电影院之前。所以要用ha
6、ving done的形式 Having cleaned the classroom, he went home. he 与clean 为主动关系 Having been told many times, he still reported the same mistake. he 和 tell 为被动关系3）有些现在分词做状语是固定结构，要记住，如jugging from/by, generally speaking, turning to Judging from his accent, he must be a southerner.Generally speaking , his ans
7、wer is right.Turning to the left, he saw a bus passing.二、 过去分词1）过去分词做状语（表原因，让步，时间，结果） 过去分词与主句的主语是动宾关系，即过去分词与主语是被动关系。 The teacher came into classroom into the lab, followed by some students Teacher 与followed 形成被动关系 句意为老师进入教室，后面跟了一些学生。 The teacher came into classroom, following the students. The teach
8、er 与following 形成主动关系。 Given a chance, I can surprise the world. He stood in front of the room with his arms folded.2）过去分词的主语与从句的主语不一致，过去分词用独立的结构。其过去分词前面也要带上主语。 All things considered, her paper is of great value than yours. 不是同一个主语 从上面中，我们可以看到，things 与her paper 不是同一个主语.所以过去分词前的主语不能省略。 三、不定式。不定式做状语往往表
9、示目的、原因、结果、比较和独立的成分。表示原因、结果时，不可置于句首。 She shut the window in order to (keep the insects out) (表目的) To get a job, he need a PHD.He need a PHD in order to get a job 注：当不定式位于句首时表目的时，相当于in order to 或so as to To find a job, he attended many interviews He attended many interviews in order to find a job. You
10、 were silly not to have have locked your car (不定式表原因) To be honest, I dont think we have a chance of winning. 常见的这类短语有to be frank (坦白的说)， to be exact(确切地说)，to begin with(首先)，to make a long story short(长话短说)等。 Practice1. The prisoner,_ the guard and run away, was caught the next days.A killed B killi
11、ng C having killed D being killed by2. The flowers his friend gave him will die unless_ every day. A watered B watering C water D to water3. He is a student at Oxford University,_ for a degree in computer science. A studied B studying C to have study D to be studying4. The glass doors have taken the
12、 place of the wooden ones at the entrance,_ in the natural light during the day.A to let B letting C let D having let5. John received an invitation to dinner, and with his work_, he gladly accepted it.A finished B finishing C having finished D was finished.6. _ in the mountains for a week, the two s
13、tudents were finally saved by the local police.A Having lost B Lost C Being lost D Losing7. Whether you believe it or not, it is _ that cause you illness.A because of your overweight B you are so overweightC because you are overweight D your being overweight8. All flights_ because of the snowstorm,
14、many passengers could do nothing but take the train.A had been canceled B have been canceledC having been canceled D being canceled9. _ the old houses, they built a beautiful garden in that area.A Pulled down B Having pulled down C Pulling down D To pull down 10 Thousands of people have been moving
15、to Shenzhen since 1992, its population_ to over 10,000,000.A increasing B increased C has increased D has been increased11. Studies show the electronic devices people have made use of_ music may be causing hearing loss in many people.A enjoy B to enjoy C enjoying D enjoyed12._, the vitamin C in them
16、 will be destroyed.A Vegetable cooked too long B Cooked too long C Cooking too long D Vegetables cooking too long13. The schoolboys and schoolgirls are walking along the street, _ a small red cap.A each of them has B they each haveC every wears D each wearing.14. Taiwan-born filmmaker Ang Lee won th
17、e best director Oscar at the 78 Academy Awards,_ the highest honor in American movie fields.A to consider B considering C consider D considered15._ the public schools with the private school, the guide book gives us a clear idea about the differences between them.A Having compared B considered C To compare D To be compared.Key： cabba bdcba cadda5