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1、动词不定式用法大全动词不定式用法大全英语动词的非谓语形式为三种：动词不定式、动名词和分词。非谓语 动词没有人称和数的变化。动词不定式是一种非谓语动词形式，其结构为“to动词原形”，其中 to 不是介词，而是动词不定式的符号，称为小品词，动词不定式没有人称 和数的变化。动词不定式和其后面的名词等构成不定式短语，在句子中 可以用作主语、表语、宾语、补足语、定语、状语等。一. 作主语 例如：To be a doctor is hard. 做医生很难。To learn English well is not easy. 学好英语不容易。To say is to believe.眼见为实。动词不定式（短
2、语）作主语时，为了避免句子的头重脚轻，可以用“it” 作形式主语，而把真正的主语动词不定式（短语）放在句子的后部。 例如上面的句子可以表示为：It is hard to be a doctor.It is not easy to learn English well. 再如：Its important to plant trees in spring.如果动词不定式的动作是谁做的，可以在动词不定式前面加一个由 介词 for 引导的短语，称为不定式的复合结构。例：Its good for us to read English aloud in the morning.对我们来说每天早晨大声读英语
3、是很有益的。It is important for students to use English every day.对学生来说每天使用英语是很重要的。二. 作表语：（在形式上，位于系动词后的就是表语。从含义上讲，表 语是回答主语 “是什么 ”或“怎么样”的语法成分。）动词不定式（短语）作表语常用于系词 be 的后面。例：His work is to drive a car. 他的工作是开车。My job is to feed animals. 我的工作是饲养动物。Her ambition is to be a doctor. 她的理想是当医生。三. 作宾语动词不定式（短语）可以放在一些动词
4、后面用作宾语，能以动词不 定式作宾语的动词有：begin, start, want, forget, remember, show, learn, like, hate, love, ask 等。例：I want to tell you a story. 我想给你讲个故事。They begin to work at eight every morning. 他们每天早晨 8 点开始 工作。Dont forget to lock the door.别忘了锁门。Would you like to go and have a picnic with us tomorrow?明天和我23*动词不定式的
5、否定式是直接在 to 之前加 not. 例：（1） Tell them not to play football in the street. 告诉他们不要在街道 上踢足球。（2） 省 to 的动词不定式的否定式是直接在动词前面加 not. 例： Let the boy not go. 让那个男孩别走。（3） 如果将主动语态变为被动语态时，作宾语补足语的动词不定式 变为主语补足语，动词不定式则不省“to，”即原来省的再加上，例：The boy made the baby cry.The baby was made to cry by the boy.那个孩子被男孩弄哭了。五. 动词不定式作定语
6、动词不定式作定语常用来修饰名词或不定代词，放于所修饰的词后， 为后置定语。例：Who was the first one to arrive? 谁第一个到的？S he has no paper to write on? 她没有纸写字？T he best way to learn English is to use it. 学英语最好的方法是使用 它。When is the best time to plant vegetables? 什么时候是种植蔬菜的最 好时间？Do you have something to drink? 你这有喝的吗？*动词不定式（短语）作定语修饰名词时，与其所修饰的词
7、具有一种 动宾关系，如果不定式中的动词为不及物动词时，其后应加上一个含义 上所需要的介词。例：I have no chair to sit on.我没有椅子坐。He has no house to live in.他没有房子住。六. 动词不定式作目的状语：动词不定式作目的状语常用在 go, come, hurry 等不及物动词后，表 目的。He went to see his sister yesterday.他昨天去看妹妹了。They got up early to catch the early bus.他们早起去赶早班车。有时可以把不定式（短语）提前，放于句首，表示强调目的。例： To
8、early English quickly and well, he went to England.为了更快更好地学英语，他去了英国。不定式做状语，可表示动作的目的、结果、原因、条件和方式。 A. 表目的表目的时，不定式可放在句子的前面也可放在句子的末尾。但在句子前 面时，不定式常与句子用逗号隔开；而在句子末尾时一般不用逗号隔开。 如：4To get there on time, we set out at five in the morning. 为了按时到达那 儿，我们早晨五点就出发了。He goes there to enjoy the fresh air. 他去那儿享受那儿的新鲜空气
9、。 比较：to do, in order to do, so as to do 都可表示目的，但 to do, in order to do 的位置既可在句首，又可在句末；而 so as to do 只能在句末 -In order to build a house, he bought some wood and steel yesterday. He bought some wood and steel yesterday in order to build a house. -He bought some wood and steel yesterday so as to build a
10、house. 为 了建房，昨天他买来了木料和钢材。B. 表结果不定式在下列结构中表示谓语动作的结果，不定式的位置一般在句子末 尾。(1) 表示终结性的动词 find, see, hear, learn, discover 的不定式，常表示 出乎意料的结果，并且，不定式前常有 never, only 等副词修饰。如： I hurried to the railway station yesterday, (only) to find that the train had left. 昨天我急急忙忙赶到火车站时，发现火车已经开走了。I went to the classroom, to disco
11、ver it empty. 我走到教室，结果发现教 室是空的。(2) 在 “so + adj. / adv. + as + to do”中。如：The scenery is so beautiful as to attract many people here every year. 景色非常美，每年都要吸引很多人来这里。(3) 在 “adj. / adv. + enough + to do”中。如：He ran fast enough to catch up with Li Lei. 他跑得很快，结果赶上了李 蕾。(4) 在 “so + adj. / adv. +a(n) + n. + as
12、 + to do”中。如：This is so interesting a story as to interest children. 这是个很有趣的故 事，使孩子们非常感兴趣。(5) 在 “such + adj. / adv. + n. + as + to do”中。如：She is such a good girl to help you make great progress. 她是个非常好 的姑娘，帮助你取得了很大的进步。(6) 在 “too + adj. / adv. + to do”中。如：They went too slowly to catch the early bus.
13、他们走得太慢了，结果没能 赶上早班车。C. 表原因不定式表示原因时，一般放在句子的末尾，说明主语某种心情、情感(glad, pleased, sad, worried, sorrow, excited) 所产生的原因。如：Im very glad to hear that Li Lei has been elected secretary of the Party. 听说李蕾被选为了党的书记，我很高兴。5D. 表条件不定式表示条件时，一般放在句首。如：To be heated, liquid will change into gas. 如果受热，液体就会变成气 体。E. 表方式不定式可接在 a
14、s if / as though 之后表示方式时，如：He moved his mouth as if to say something. 他的嘴唇动了动，好像要说 什么事似的。七. 不定式和疑问词连用，可以作句子的主语、宾语、表语等。例： The problem is where to get a computer. （表语）No one knows how to do it. 没有人知道如何做这件事。（宾）I really dont know which one to choose. （宾）我真的不知道选哪一 个。When and where to have the party is no
15、t known. （主语）何时何地举行联欢还不知道。*不定式和疑问词连用作宾语时有时可以改为宾语从句。例：I dont know what to do next. 我不知下一步该做什么？I dont know what I should do next.【模拟试题】（答题时间： 30 分钟）一. 选择填空：1. He asked me _ here earlier.A. come B. to come C. coming D. came2. Please tell him _ on the wall.A. dont draw B. to not draw C. not to draw D. n
16、ot draw 3. He wanted _ a cup of tea.A. to have B. having C. have D. had4. Id like _ a word with you.A. had B. having C. to have D. have5. I came here _ my uncle.A. saw B. to see C. seeing D. to be seen6. The man refused （拒绝）_ back his words.A. to take B. taking C. took D. takes7. I can let you _ one
17、 ticket.A. to have B. have C. having D. had8. We often heard him _ in his room.A. to sing B. sings C. sang D. sing69. He was made _ day and night.A. work B. working C. to work D. worked10. He stopped _ a look, but saw nothing.A. having B. to have C. have D. had11. My father was too angry _ a word.A.
18、 to say B. not to say C. to saying D. didnt say 12. My brother was old enough _ to school.A. went B. goes C. going D. to go13. It is time _ him _ supper.A. of, to have B. for, to have C. of, having D. for, to has 14. Its very kind _ you _ me.A. of, to help B. for, to help C. of, help D. of, helping1
19、5. Its important _ our classroom clean every day.A. kept B. to keep C. to give D. keep16. Before liberation （解放）they had no chance _ to school. A. went B. go C. to go D. to be gone17. He said he had an important meeting _.A. attend B. would attend C. attending D. to attend18. Please give me a piece
20、of paper _.A. to write B. to write on C. writing D. to write it19. I dont know _.A. what do B. what will do C. what to do D. do what 20. Your radio needs _.A. to be repaired B. to repair C. repaired D. to repairing 21. My wish is _ a teacher.A. becoming B. to become C. become D. became 22. I want _
21、him a letter now.A. to write B. not write C. write D. wrote23. It took us three days _ the trees.A. plant B. planted C. to plant D. plants24. Why not _ here _ me?A. to come, to see B. come, to see C. came, seeing D. come, see 25. He wishes me _ my best _ hard at English.A. to do, to work B. doing, w
22、orking C. to do, working D. do, work726. Please tell me _ her. I have something _ her.A. where to find, telling B. where to find, to tellC. where can find, to tell D. where finding, telling27. How happy they are _ each other again!A. to see B. see C. saw D. being seen28. They decided （决心）_ a letter
23、_ their thanks.A. to write, expressing（表达） B. writing, expressC. write, expressed D. to write, to express29. The officer ordered （命令）him _ down _ a rest. A. lying, have B. to lie, to have C. to lie, having D. lie, had 30. The headmaster called on（号召）us _ hard for our country. A. to work B. worked C.
24、 work D. to working 二. 根据上句意思完成下句，使两句意思相近或相同，每空一词。 1. He was so angry that he couldnt s ay anything.He was too angry _ _ anything.2. I dont know when we will have the meeting.I dont know when _ _ the meeting.3. He said he would write a letter.He said he would have a letter _ _.4. That you read Engli
25、sh in the morning is very important.It is very important _ you _ _ English in the morning.5. He was so strong that he could lift the stone. （石头）He was strong _ _ _ the stone.6. His father went to Beijing for his holiday.His father went to Beijing _ _ his holiday.7. They got up early so that they cou
26、ld get there in time.They got up early _ _ _ _ there in time. 8. His brother decided that he would buy the book.His brother decided _ _ the book.9. He hopes that he can visit the Great Wall.He hopes _ _ the Great Wall.10.I saw him go into the room.He was seen _ _ into the room.11.We made him work fi
27、ve hours a day.He was made _ _ five hours a day.12.Do you want to say anything for yourself?Do you have anything _ _ for yourself?813.We dont know what we shall do next.We dont know what _ _ next.14.Im very sorry on hearing the bad news.Im very sorry _ _ the bad news.15.He stopped and had a look at
28、me.He stopped _ _ a look at me.16.I helped him with his English.I helped him _ _ English.17. My father promised （许诺）that he would buy me a bike. My father promised _ _ me a bike.18. The box is so heavy that I cant carry it.The box is too heavy _ me _ _.19.“Lie down! ”the boy said to his dog.The boy
29、ordered his dog _ _ down.20.“Dont make any noise, ”she said to me.She told me _ _ _ any noise.【试题答案】一.1. B 2. C 3. A 4. C 5. B 6. A7. B 8. D 9. C 10. B 11. A 12. D13. B 14. A 15. B 16. C 17. D 18. B19. C 20. A 21. B 22. A 23. C 24. B25. A 26. B 27. A 28. D 29. B 30. A二.1. to say 2. to have 3. to write 4. for, to, read5. enough, to lift 6. to spend 7. in, order, to, get8. to buy 9. to visit 10. to go 11. to work 12. to say13. to do 14. to hear 15. to have 16. to learn（study） 17. to buy 18. for, to carry 19. to lie 20. not, to make9